GRAMMAR: Present Simple vs Present Continuous
Business Organization
| needs satisfy survive depend on consumption business profit owner affect (v) | потреби задовольняти вижити; продовжити існувати залежати від споживання бізнес, комерційна діяль-ність, торгове підприєм-во, фірма, справа прибуток власник впливати на | provide services multinational set up/establish a business be in business run a business do business deal with (v) go out of business expand a business diversify | надавати послуги транснаціональна корпорація створювати бізнес займатися торгівлею керувати підприємством вести бізнес займатися (чимось); бути клієнтом, купувати (у когось) ліквідувати підприємство розширювати бізнес різноманітити, варіювати |
The economic system is made up of people with basic needs that they must satisfy to survive. As most people cannot produce all the goods and services they need, we depend on other persons or businesses to make them for our consumption. A business organization is a firm, a company or a business that makes, buys or sells goods, or provides services, to make a profit.
Large companies are referred to as corporations. Many consider the corporation the ideal way to organize business. Large companies operating in many countries are multinationals.
Big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. Small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.
When we start a business we talk about setting up a business or establishing a business. Once a business has been established we talk about being in business or running a business.
To do business means to trade or deal with a company or country. It's not easy to organize a business and to operate it successfully. When a company is not successful, it may go out of business.
The economic situation, as well as decisions taken by the owners of a company, affects how it grows and changes. You may expand your business, specialize in something, you may also diversify your business.
1) What is the economic system made up of? 2) Why do people depend on businesses? 3) What is a business organization? 4) What are corporations? 5) Where do multinationals operate? 6) What do we call "big business"? 7) What does "to do business" mean? 8) When may a company go out of business? 9) What affects a company development? 10) What can a company do to improve its business?
1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
| depend on firm set up a business go out of business run a business expand affect profit needs |
| necessities of life gain sell out a business establish a business enlarge operate a business company influence rely on |
| 2 The words in the box frequently occur after "business". Find combinations that mean: 1) a small card showing a person's name, position and company name; 2) a visit to clients, suppliers or other business contacts which takes you away from home; 3) a document showing de- |  |
tails of how someone aims to run the company, expand, introduce new product lines, and so on; 4) the people who own a business together; 5) the process of running a company; 6) a college or part of university where courses on business subjects are taught; 7) the organizations and people involved in business; 8) a meeting with lunch to talk about work or to entertain clients; 9) the ability to encourage or predict commercial activity; 10) a gathering of people to discuss work topics; 11) a letter about a business transaction, often following a certain form.
3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
| 1) a very large organization that owns companies in more than onecountry in order to obtain cheap rawmaterials and make efficient use of a local workforce; 2) the moneygained in a business deal, esp.the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent; 3) a person or business that owns smth; 4) two or more peopleinbusiness |  |
to makea profit by selling goods or services; 5) commercial activities in general; 6) a large groupof companies;7) to enter new types of businesses; 8) a nation's system for allocating its resources amongits citizens.
4 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
| go out of business, affects, to do business, company, corporation, the owner, dealt, trading, set up, expanded, to run, in business, satisfied |
1 It's been a pleasure ... with you. 2 My wife’s a doctor, but I’m.... 3 Small shops ... very quickly. 4 She ... her own company and proved to be a very good businessperson. 5 They work for an engineering.... 6 When a ... becomes bankrupt, its stock is of no value anymore. 7 The company ... its sales force from ten to twenty representatives. 8 ... of that car bought it at an auto dealer. 9 Have you ever ... with this company before? 10 He has no idea how ... a successful business. 11 An increasing number of European firms are ... with Japan. 12 Very hot weather ... how people feel and act. 13 She ... her hunger by eating a steak.
GRAMMAR: Present Simple vs Present Continuous
We use the Present Simple (V / Vs):
*for routines and habits: I go to the bank twice a month.
*for permanent situations: My friend works in a bank.
*for facts: Water boils at 100° centigrade.
*for timetables or fixed events in the future, that are beyond the speaker's control: The lessons start at 8.30 am.
We use the Present Continuous (am / is / are + Ving):
*for actions happening now: I’m working on my report at the moment.
*for temporary actions or situations: She’s staying with her friends till she finds a new flat.
*for changing or developing situations: The economic situation is getting worse in this country.
*to talk about something that happens often and is unplanned / irritating (with always): He’s always complaining.
*to talk about future arrangements and plans: I’m leaving at 4 on the first flight to London.
Ex.1. Choose the correct variant:
1 All the guides here speak/are speaking two foreign languages, because a lot of foreign tourists come/are coming every year. 2 The meeting starts/is starting. We'd better go in. 3 I work/am working for a firm that makes/is making medical equipment. 4 I go/am going to the supermarket. Do you want anything? 5 The train is leaving/leaves in 10 minutes. 6 They always make noise/are making noise next door. 7 Our meetings usually are starting/start at 4 pm. 8 When a company isn’t successful, it is going/goes out of business. 9 I work/’m working overtime this week. 10 Tom is very reliable, everybody is trusting/trusts him. 11 He usually is coming/comes to his office on time. 12 The sun is setting/sets in the West. 13 China becomes/is becoming more popular as a location for international business. 14 He earns/is earning over € 20,000 a year.
Ex.2. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1 I never (work) at the weekend. 2 He (smoke) 30 cigarettes a day but at the moment he (try) very hard to cut down. 3 What you (think) about? 4 Business (become) more international and secretaries (need) inter-national communication skills. 5 He (make) paper products. 6 The speaker (wait for) a phone call. 7 The manager (check) the production levels every day. 8 Don’t trouble them.They (sign) the contract. 9 Multi-nationals (compete) for a market share. 10 The express train always (arrive) on time. 11 The delegation (come) at 5 pm tomorrow. 12 She (run) her own business. 13 The firm (specialize) in green tourism.
Ex.3. Correct the mistakes where necessary:
1 Although we sometimes go to a restaurant, we usually are eating at home. 2 Most American families has at least one automobile. 3 I’m usually going to the market on Fridays. 4 My friend often go on business trips abroad. 5 Multinationals now operate in every sector of industry. 6 The largest bank in the country plans to close some of its branches. 7 The firm makes excellent progress this week. 8 My friend has collected necessary documentation and now establishes his own business. 9 The South is depending more on small businesses forjobsthen on large corporations. 10 Women run 25 % of existing small businesses. 11 I can't talk now. I make a report. 12 Due to expansion, we are looking for new business partners.
Ex.4. Translate into English:
1) Ця компанія використовує найсучасніше обладнання. 2) Емі працює над перекладом економічної статті. 3) Транснаціональні корпорації працюють у багатьох країнах світу. 4) Мій брат займається малим бізнесом. 5) Економічна ситуація в країні впливає на розвиток бізнесу. 6) Багато європейських компаній торгують з Японією. 7) Зараз уряд намагається знизити ціни на продовольчі товари. 8) Її подруга вивчає економіку. 9) Моя фірма зараз шукає нових ділових партнерів. 10) Він заробляє $ 25,000 на рік. 11) Мене не цікавить ваша пропозиція. Я розширюю свій власний бізнес. 12) Власники торгових підприємств зустрічаються завтра о 9 годині.