The basic kinds of economic systems
Контрольная работа
Магистратура (экономисты)
I. Choose the right variant
1. How ___ you?
am
have
is
are
2. ___ you married to John?
is
have
am
are
3. You ____ like tea.
don't
doesn't
aren't
haven't
4. What's your ________ job?
mother's
mothers'
mothers
mother
5. I like ________ TV.
watching
watch
look
looking
6. What time ________ work?
he starts
does he starts
does he start
he start
7. ______ some books on the table.
there is
there aren't
there isn't
there are
8. ______ have a cigarette?
I am
am I
I can
can I
9. She ______ tea for breakfast.
always having
has always
having
always has
10. I read books ___ the evenings.
on
at
of
in
11. We _____ dance all night.
can to
can
do can
not can
12. Where were you born? I ________ in Madrid.
were born
was born
am born
was borne
13. He brought _____ milk and ____ sandwich.
a, a
some, the
some, a
any, a
14. Her brother is ______ than me.
tallest
more taller
more tall
taller
15. _________ any sisters or brothers?
do you have
do you
have you do
you have
16. What __________?
you are doing
you are do
are you doing
are you do
17. When ________ to buy me a computer?
you going
are you going
are you going to
you are going
18. They ______ five years ago.
met
did met
have meeted
have met
19. It was nice _____ you.
on meeting
to meet
to meeting
at meeting
20. Are you interested ___ gardening?
at
of
in
on
21. She _______ dinner when the door suddenly opened.
were cooking
was cooked
cooked
was cooking
22. He is reading ___ newspaper.
an
___
the
a
23. The doorbell is ringing. I ______ it.
am going to get
will get
get
got
24. You _____ to laugh if you don't like the joke.
don't have
mustn't
shouldn't
doesn't have
25. If I _____ shopping today, I'll buy some apple juice for you.
will go
went
go
would go
26. I ____ drive a Porsche, but now I ride a bicycle.
use to
am used to
used to
was using to
27. Tobacco ______ to Russia by Peter the Great.
was brought
brought
were brought
was bringed
28. If I ____ more time, I would build another website.
had
have
would had
would have
29. When they arrived at the football stadium, the game ______.
started already
had started yet
had already started
already had started
30. They said they ______ the music and left the pub.
not like
like
didn't like
don't like
31. It's a lovely place. I ______ a wonderful time here. Too bad I'll have to leave soon.
have been having
have having
was having
had
32. I deny _____ the money.
take
to take
to taking
taking
33. I want ______ at home tonight.
stayed
staying
stay
to stay
34. He ______ forgotten her by the end of the year.
will have
is
will be
would
35. If you had studied harder, you _______ failed your exams.
hadn't
won't
wouldn't
wouldn't have
36. This time tomorrow she ______ her last exam.
will take
is taking
takes
will be taking
37. Please contact me ____ time you like. I'm always available.
anywhen
no
any
some
38. I can do it ________. I don't need your help.
with myself
on myself
by my own
on my own
39. I think ____ cars are quite expensive. Public transport is cheaper and sometimes more convenient.
___
an
the
a
40. One can't always rely ___ other people.
of
at
on
in
Конец формы
III. Add appropriate words where there are blanks in the sentences below and you’ll get the definitions of the words in bold. Some words can be used in their different meanings. Translate
imply, convey, standpoint, overall, range, scarce, free, available, utility, rate, output, environment, artifact, discretion
1. The ... is the total set of outside forces surrounding and shaping the behaviour of the organization and its members.
2. To ... information, ideas, feelings, etc. means to cause them to be known or understood by someone.
3. Someone or something that is ... is not restricted, controlled by rules, customs, or other people.
4. An ... is an object that is made by a person.
5. The ... of something is the total area or extent within which it can operate effectively, and beyond which it is no longer effective.
6. If something is ..., there is not very much of it, and there may be enough for those who want or need it.
7. If something is ..., you can have it or use it without paying for it.
8. If you ... people or things, you arrange them in a line or in lines.
9. If you ... that something is the case, you suggest that it is the case without actually saying so.
10. The ... at which something happens is the speed at which it happens over a period of time.
11. The ... of something is how useful and practical it is.
12. ... is used to describe a situation in general, including everything but not considering the details.
13. The ... of taxation is the level of it.
14. If something is ..., you are able to use it or obtain it.
15. A ... is an important service such as water, electricity, or gas provided for everyone.
16. If you ... something highly, you consider that it is important.
17. Someone who is ... is not busy and is therefore free for you to talk to.
18. A ... is a particular way of looking at or thinking about an event, situation, or idea.
19. Someone’s ... is the amount of something that they make or produce.
20. ... is the quality of behaving in a quiet and controlled way without drawing attention to yourself or giving away personal or private information.
III. Read and translate the text.
THE BASIC KINDS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
The wants people have are almost unlimited. However, each society has a limited amount of resources from which to provide the goods and services to satisfy these wants. This scarcity of resources forces every society to make decisions about the following questions:
– Which goods and services will be produced?
– How will these goods and services be produced?
– How will the goods and services be distributed?
The answers for every particular country will depend on its priorities. Some countries consider it very important to be powerful and to feel safe. Other countries are concerned with providing food and clothing to all inhabitants. The decision that a country make will determine the type of economic system it has.
The basic types of economic systems are traditional, command and market.
Traditional system is the system in which people do things the way they have always done them. They rely on the same tools and methods used by their parents. There is little or no change in such systems because most people methods are based on habit, custom and religious belief. Individuals are not free to make decisions according to what they want to have. Traditional system is not as widely spread as it was before. Though it is still a major force in some areas on the west coast of Canada, in Latin America, Africa and Middle East.
In a command system, the basic economic decision of what and how to produce and distribute is made by a central authority. The members of the society in the system obey. The central authority consists of one person or a small group who control factories, equipment and land. This system is still powerful in China and Cuba and recently our country and the countries of Eastern Europe operated under strong command system.
In a market system, the basic economic decision is based on the actions of people and business firms participating in many different markets. A market system produce goods and services that people are willing to buy and that can bring a profit to the sellers. The interaction of consumers and producers makes the system work. US, Canada and Japan are the best examples of this type of economic system.
The fact is that none of today's economic system is based totally on one of three principles just described. Modern economics have some element of all three influences in them. However one of the principles is usually stronger than the others and defines the whole system.
A society's standard of living is one way to evaluate an economic system. The standard of living is a measure of how well the people live. It depends on the amount and kind of goods and services the people of a country enjoy, or their income.