Operation of russian nuclear pwer plants in 2003
Balakovo NPP with WER-1QOO reactors of the third generation was commissioned in 1985 - 1993. The rated power of Balakovo NPP is 4 ООО MW, generated by four NPP units with WER-1000 type reactors.
Beloyarsk NPP is the only nuclear power plant in Russia with power units of different types. The NPP is constructed into two stages: the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Unit 3 equipped with BN-600 reactor.
The unit equipped with water-graphite channel-type reactor of 100 MW power was commissioned in 1964, the second unit (200 MW) was started up in 1967. Units 1 and 2 were decommissioned in 1983 and 1990 correspondingly. Nowadays the only Unit in operation is Unit 3 of 600 MW power, which was commissioned in 1980. This is the world biggest NPP Unit equipped with a fast breeder reactor.
Erected in Chukotka, in the area of eternal frost in 1974 - 1976, Bilibino NPP generates electric and thermal power. There are four operating water-graphite channel type reactors EGP-6 12 MW power each at the plant.
Now Volgodonsk NPP is the youngest NPP of Russia. It's rated power capacity is 1 ООО MW and is provided by one Unit with VVER-1000 reactor. The construction of NPP first stage has been completed in 2001. The commissioning of the Unit after a long intermission signify the beginning of the new stage of atomic energetics development. They are planning construction of the second Unit with VVER-1 ООО reactor.
The Kalinin NPP rated power is 2 000 MW. It is provided by two power units equipped with VVER-1 ООО type reactors. The plant is constructed in two stages: the first stage is the operating Units 1 and 2. The first two units equipped with VVER-1000 type reactors were constructed in 1984 and 1986. Since 1985 the Unit 3 has been constructing as a part of the NPP second stage, now the Unit completion is about 80 %.
Kola NPP is located beyond the Polar circle and generates electricity for Kola Peninsula. The NPP rated power is 1 760 MW. It is provided by four power units equipped with VVER-440 type reactors. The NPP was constructed into two stages in 1973 - 1984, the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Units 3 and 4. The NPP low load factor in 2003 was caused by grid dispatcher restrictions due to decrease of power consumption at Kola Peninsula and isolation of local Dower distribution system.
The Kursk NPP rated power is 4 ООО MW. It is provided by four power units equipped with RBMK-1000 type reactors. The plant was constructed in 1976 - 1985 and consists of three stages: the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Units 3 and 4, the third stage - Unit 5, which is now under construction since 1986. Now there are four Units with RBMK-1000 reactors.
Leningrad NPP is the first Russian NPP equipped with RBMK-1000 reactors. The NPP rated power is 4 ООО MW. This power is provided by four power units. The construction of Leningrad NPP started the history of operation of RBMH-type reactors in Russia (water- graphite channel type reactor with thermal neutrons). In 1373 - 19B1 at the NPP there were commissioned four Units of 1 ООО MW each.
Novovoronezh NPP is the first Russian nuclear power plant equipped with VVER-type reactors; it was the first NPP where the pilot VVER-440 and VVER-10QD units were implemented. In 1964, the first Russian pressurized water reactor was constructed at Novovoronezh NPP site, which was the beginning of operation of VVER reactors in Russia. Since 1964, five VVER-type units have been erected at the NPP: VVER-210, VVER-365, two VVER-440 units and one unit equipped with VVER-1 ООО type reactor.
The plant was erected in four stages: the first stage is Unit 1, the second stage - Unit 2, the third stage - Units 3 and 4, the forth stage - Unit 5. Nowadays there are three operating unit of 1 834 MW total power, Units 1 and 2 were decommissioned in 1988 and 1990 correspondingly.
The Smolensk NPP rated power is 3 ООО MW. This power is provided by three power units equipped with RBMK-1 ООО type reactors. The plant construction was started in 1982. By 1990, all the three NPP Units had been commissioned. The plant consists of two stages: the first stage - Units 1 and 2, the second stage - Unit 3.
2 Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
1)reactors of the third generation;
2) the rated power of NPP;
3) power units of different types;
4) the unit equipped with water-graphite channel-type reactor;
5) the second unit was started up;
6) NPP Unit equipped with a fast breeder reactor;
7) the construction of NPP first stage;
8) the commissioning of the Unit after a long intermission;
9) decrease of power consumption;
10)pressurized water reactor.
3 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1)станция сооружена в две очереди;
2) энергоблок вступил в строй;
3) зона вечной мерзлоты;
4) вырабатывать электрическую и тепловую энергию generates;
5) установленная электрическая мощность;
6) развитие атомной энергетики;
7) сооружение станции началось;
8) осваивались головные энергоблоки;
9) начало эксплуатации реакторов;
10) водографитовые ядерные реакторы начального типа на тепловых нейтронах.
4 Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
1) tocommission;
2) energy;
3) to construct;
4) to operate;
5) to correspond;
6) to generate;
7) pressure;
8) to develop;
9) to distribute;
10) to restrict.
5 Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).
The construction of NPP first stage has been completed in 2001.
6 Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы и функции инфинитива, инфинитивные конструкции (сложное дополнение, подлежащее), существительное в роли определения, функции слов one (ones), that (those), условные предложения:
1)This is the world biggest NPP Unit equipped with a fast breeder reactor.
2)There are four operating water-graphite channel type reactors EGP-6 12 MW power each at the plant.
3) The commissioning of the Unit after a long intermission signify the beginning of the new stage of atomic energetics development.
4) The plant is constructed in two stages: the first stage is the operating Units 1 and 2.
5) The first two units equipped with VVER-1000 type reactors were constructed in 1984 and 1986.
6) Nowadays there are three operating unit of 1 834 MW total power, Units 1 and 2 were decommissioned in 1988 and 1990 correspondingly.
7) It is provided by four power units equipped with RBMK-1000 type reactors.
7 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1)When wasBalakovo NPP with WER-1QOO reactors of the third generation commissioned?
2) What NPP is the only nuclear power plant in Russia with power units of different types?
3) When were Units 1 and 2 of Beloyarsk NPP decommissioned?
4) Where was Bilibino NPP erected? When? What does it generate?
5) Which NPP is the youngest one of Russia?
6) When has been the construction of Volgodonsk NPP first stage completed? 7. Where is Kola NPP located? What region does it gene rate electricity for?