Water in ditches flowed down from -

a) apartment houses.

b) the sky.

c) the tops of ladders.

d) a lake, a stream, or a pond.

26. Which of these does the story not mention?

a) beads.

b) pots.

c) baskets.

d) cloth.

Block IV:

In the early 1920's, settlers came to Alaska looking for gold. They traveled by boat to the coastal towns of Seward and Knik, and from there by land into the gold fields. The trail they used to travel inland is known today as the Iditarod Trail, one of the National Historic Trails designated by the Congress of the United States. The Iditarod Trail quickly became a major thoroughfare in Alaska, as the mail and supplies were carried across this trail. People also used it to get from place to place, including the priests, ministers, and judges who had to travel between villages. In the winter, the settlers’ only means of travel down this trail was via dog sled.

Once the gold rush ended, many gold-seekers went back to where they had come from, and suddenly there was much less travel on the Iditarod Trail. The introduction of the airplane in the late 1920’s meant dog teams were no longer the standard mode of transportation, and of course with the airplane carrying the mail and supplies, there was less need for land travel in general. The final blow to the use of the dog teams was the appearance of snowmobiles.

By the mid 1960's, most Alaskans didn’t even know the Iditarod Trail existed, or that dog teams had played a crucial role in Alaska’s early settlements. Dorothy G. Page, a self-made historian, recognized how few people knew about the former use of sled dogs as working animals and about the Iditarod Trail’s role in Alaska’s colorful history. To raise awareness about this aspect of Alaskan history, she came up with the idea to have a dog sled race over the Iditarod Trail. She presented her idea to an enthusiastic musher, as dog sled drivers are known, named Joe Redington, Sr. Soon the Pages and the Redingtons were working together to promote the idea of the Iditarod race.

Many people worked to make the first Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race a reality in 1967. The Aurora Dog Mushers Club, along with men from the Adult Camp in Sutton, helped clear years of overgrowth from the first nine miles of the Iditarod Trail. To raise interest in the race, a $25,000 purse was offered, with Joe Redington donating one acre of his land to help raise the funds. The short race, approximately 27 miles long, was put on a second time in 1969.

After these first two successful races, the goal was to lengthen the race a little further to the ghost town of Iditarod by 1973. However in 1972, the U.S. Army reopened the trail as a winter exercise, and so in 1973, the decision was made to take the race all the way to the city of Nome—over 1,000 miles. There were many who believed it could not be done and that it was crazy to send a bunch of mushers out into the vast, uninhabited Alaskan wilderness. But the race went! 22 mushers finished that year, and to date over 400 people have completed it.

27. The primary purpose of this passage is to:

a) recount the history of the Iditarod trail and the race that memorializes it

b) describe the obstacles involved in founding the Iditarod race

c) outline the circumstances that led to the establishment of the Iditarod Trail

d) reestablish the important place of the Iditarod Trail in Alaska’s history

28. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that all of the following contributed to the disuse of the Iditarod Trail except:

a) more modern forms of transportation

b) depleted gold mines

c) highway routes to ghost towns

d) reduced demand for land travel

29. As used in paragraph 2, which is the best definition for mode?

a) formula

b) way

c) preference

d) option

30. According to the passage, the initial Iditarod race:

a) was funded through the sale of musher entrance fees

b) was founded by an advocate for Alaskan history

c) ended at the ghost town of Iditarod

d) boasted a total of 400 entrants

31. As used in paragraph 3, the phrase “self-made historian” implies that Dorothy G. Page:

a) was employed by the state to keep its dog sled history alive

b) was determined to honor the glories of the gold rush in spite of her questionable credentials

c) had pursued the study of Alaska’s history out of her own interest

d) had personally educated others about Alaska’s history

32. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that because the U.S. Army reopened the Iditarod Trail in 1972:

a) more people could compete in the Iditarod race

b) the mushers had to get permission from the U.S. Army to hold the race

c) the trail was cleared all the way to Nome

d) the Iditarod race became a seasonal Army competition

Block V:

Benjamin Franklin was one of the most important Americans in history. In the early part of his life, Franklin was a business person and inventor. He ran the Pennsylvania Gazette (newspaper) and also published Poor Richard's Almanac. Poor Richard's Almanac was very popular because it made predictions about the future and had wise sayings. Ben Franklin also invented the Franklin stove, lightning rod, bifocals (eyeglasses), and started America's first library. He is probably best known for his kite experiment which proved electricity could be harnessed from lightning.
in the later part of his life, Franklin became interested in politics. He spent many years in England before coming back to America. In 1776, Franklin helped Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence. Two years later, he went to France and convinced the French to help America in the war against England. After the war, Franklin joined the Continental Congress and signed the Constitution. He died in 1790. Today, Ben Franklin is honored on the $100 dollar bill. His name is honored on highways, schools, and businesses across America.

33. Which of the following is something invented by Ben Franklin?

a) Headphones

b) Electricity

c) Bifocals

d) Kites

34. Which is something that may have been found in Poor Richard's Alamanac?

a) Directions for operating a soda machine.

b) The score of a football game.

c) "A penny saved is a penny earned".

d) People's phone numbers.

35. Ben Franklin started America's first _______________.

Ben Franklin proved electricity could be harnessed from _________________.