TEXT 2. What Does an Engineer Do?

10. Выучите следующие слова и выражения:

design [dɪ'zaɪn] – (n) проектирование, конструкция, конструирование;

(v) проектировать; конструировать, разрабатывать

maintain [meɪn'teɪn] – обслуживать, содержать в исправности

process ['prəuses] – обрабатывать (данные, информацию)

specialty ['speʃ(ə)ltɪ] = speciality — специальность, специализация

specialize in [spe̱ʃəlaɪz] — специализировать(ся)

area ['ɛərɪə] - область, сфера деятельность

require [rɪ'kwaɪə] — требовать, нуждаться (в чём-л.)

to meet requirements — соответствовать / отвечать требованиям

certification [ˌsɜːtɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] свидетельство, сертификат, удостоверение; аттестация, сертификация

refer (to) — отсылать (к кому-л. / чему-л.), ссылаться, говорить, упоминать

set up — устанавливать, ставить

operate — приводить в движение, запускать, управлять

involve [ɪn'vɔlv] — вовлекать, касаться, затрагивать; включать, содержать

focus (on) ['fəukəs] - сосредоточивать (внимание), концентрироваться

skill — умение; навык

11. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст:

Most of the technology that makes our lives better and more productive depends on electricity and electrical devices. Electrical engineers are responsible for designing and maintaining the electrical systems and components that make up our modern technology. One example of the importance of electrical engineering you encounter everyday is what engineers call signal processing. When a television station or a cell phone sends out a signal, the transmitter and receiver have to be able to process the radio signal, remove interference and deliver a clear and understandable signal. Designing and integrating the electronic circuitry and components to make this happen is a task for the electrical engineer. A variety of industries rely heavily on electrical engineers, including radio and television manufacturers and broadcasters, computer networking providers, power companies and makers of electrical equipment and consumer products.

There are several specialties within the field of electrical engineering. These include electrical power generation, signal processing for communications systems, wireless communications, robotics, computer and control systems and biomedical systems. An electrical engineer normally specializes in one of these areas while in college and works to meet the educational and work experience requirements for certification in that specialty.

Radio engineers may sometimes be referred to as broadcast technicians, radio operators, or broadcast engineers; these titles often refer to a similar set of job duties. Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators set up, operate, and maintain a wide variety of electrical and electronic equipment involved in almost any radio or television broadcast, concert, play, musical recording, television show, or movie. Communication technicians are in charge of electronic communication equipment, such as telephone systems and computer modems. They are also responsible for building and maintaining electronic circuits and data networks. RF (Radio Frequency) engineers create schematics for cell phones and broadcasting devices, set up new wireless Internet networks, and maintain existing systems of communication.

A telecommunications engineer is a professional who designs complex electronic communications and broadcasting systems. Many of the products and services telecommunications engineers design are used by almost everyone on a daily basis. This engineering discipline is not offered by many universities as a bachelor’s degree program, but people who pursue this career often have at least a bachelor’s degree in broadcast engineering, civil engineering, electronic engineering, or computer engineering. Some educational programs offer a bachelor’s degree in telecommunications engineering technology, or a master’s degree that focuses on telecommunications. These programs typically include technical, management, and business studies because designing telecommunications systems require understanding all aspects of the design process. These occupations often oversee design projects from conception to completion. This includes overseeing staff, project financial budgets, and ensuring telecommunications projects are completed on schedule.

Although required skills for these occupations can range extensively, many radio and telecommunications engineers continue their education and training throughout their career. As technology continues to advance, engineers usually must learn new skills. Many join professional associations to learn about current trends and find ways to improve their design techniques. Certifications, such as the Professional Engineer or Project Management Professional certificates, as well as joining professional groups and organizations, like the popular Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), can also help electrical engineers of various specializations advance their career and design capabilities.

12. Ознакомьтесь с дополнительными словами и выражениями:

encounter [ɪn'kauntə] – встретиться, столкнуться

interference [ˌɪntə'fɪər(ə)ns] – помехи

circuitry ['sɜːkɪtrɪ] – схема (электрическая)

oversee — наблюдать, следить за, надзирать

ensure — гарантировать, застраховать

schedule ['ʃedjuːl ]; ['skeʤuːl] — график, программа, план

technique [tek'niːk] — техника, технические приёмы, метод

Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (pronounced “I-Triple-E”) – Институт инженеров по электротехнике и электронике

13. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста:

1. In what industries are electrical engineers employed? 2. What are the fields of specialization of electrical engineering? 3. What are the other titles for a radio engineer? 4. What do radio engineers normally do? 5. What are the responsibilities of communication technicians? 6. What kind of work do RF engineers do? 7. Who is a telecommunications engineer? 8. What are the requirements to become a telecommunications engineer? 9. Why do the educational programs in telecommunications engineering include not only technical but also management and business studies? 10. Why do radio and telecommunications engineers continue their education throughout their career? 11. How can engineers learn new skills?

14. Найдите в тексте слова и выражения, эквивалентные следующим:

Электроприборы; быть ответственным за; сотовый телефон; передатчик; приемник; исключать помехи; конструирование электронных цепей; полагаться на; потребительские товары; называться; рабочие обязанности; заведовать, отвечать за; ежедневно; гражданское строительство; контролировать, следить за проектом; от идеи до полного завершения; точно, вовремя; значительно варьироваться; на протяжении всей карьеры; современные тенденции; развивать свою карьеру.

15. Переведите следующие группы существительных:

Signal processing, aerospace engineer, computer networking provider, power company, employment prospects, communications field, signal processing, electrical power generation, control system, data network, telecommunications engineering technology, broadcast engineering, computer engineering, design process, design technique.

Переведите выделенные слова, исходя из значений, приведенных в скобках. Определите суффикс, с помощью которого образованs выделенные слова. Назовите суффиксы и приставки производных глаголов, существительных, прилагательных, наречий.

transmit (передавать), transmitter (n), transmission (n)

receive (принимать), receiver (n)

manufacture (прозводить), manufacturer (n)

broadcast (транслировать), broadcaster (n), broadcasting (n)

consume (потреблять), consumer (n), consumption (n)

provide (снабжать, обеспечивать), provider (n), provision (n)

interfere (быть помехой, интерферировать), interference(n)

robot (робот), robotic (adj), robotics (n)

scheme (схема), schematic (adj), schematics (n)

complete (целый, завершенный),complete (v), completion (n), completely (adv)

communicate (сообщать, общаться) communcator (n), communication (n), communicative (adj)

special (особый, специальный), specialize (v), specialization (n)