Тема 20. Страдательный залог

TO BE + V3
	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
	to be + V3	to be being + V3	to have been + V3
Present	Am Is + V3 Are The letter is written.	Am Is + being + V3 Are The letter is being written.	Have + been + V3 Has The letter has been written.
Past	Was + V3 Were The letter was written.	Was + being + V3 Were The letter was being written.	Had + been + V3 The letter had been written.
Future	Will be + V3 The letter will be written.		Will+have+been+V3 The letter will have been written.

Страдательный залог показывает, что действие направлено на предмет или лицо, выраженное подлежащим.

Если действие выполнялось кем-то, то употребляется предлог by:

By me (мной) / you (тобой, вами) / him (им) / her (ею)/ us (нами) / them (ими).

Если действие выполнялось чем-то (предмет, орудие, инструмент), то употребляется предлог with: with a knife (ножом), with a stick (палкой).

Task 1. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The window is broken. 2. The house is built. 3. The essays are written. 4. The photos are made. 5. The homework was done. 6. The food was bought. 7. The texts were translated. 8. We were invited to the party. 9. The film will be shown. 10. The letter will be sent.

Task 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Passive.

1. His books (to publish) every month. 2. Hockey (to play) usually in winter. 3. Meetings (to hold) every week. 4. Houses (to build) every year. 5. This holiday (to celebrate) usually in summer. 6. Comedies (to show) very often on TV. 7. This place (to visit) by tourists very often. 8. Newspapers (to read) every day. 9. Food (to buy) every day. 10. Documents (to type) very often.

Task 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Passive.

1. The exercises (to do) yesterday. 2. The article (to translate) last week. 3. The dinner (to cook) an hour ago. 4. The university (to found) in 1961. 5. The students (to invite) to the concert last Saturday. 6. The car (to buy) two months ago. 7. The conference (to hold) yesterday. 8. These topics (to discuss) last lesson. 9. This question (to ask) yesterday. 10. This house (to build) in 2006.

Task 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple Passive.

1. The film (to show) on TV soon. 2. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 3. The work (to do) tomorrow. 4. The translation (to finish) in two days. 5. The question (to discuss) next lesson. 6. This rule (to explain) next time. 7. The bill (to pay) tomorrow. 8. The answer (to receive) tomorrow. 9. The cake (to cook) in an hour. 10. The wall (to paint) next weekend.

Task 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple Passive.

1. His car (to steal) last night. 2. Cheese (to make) from milk. 3. The dog (to give) some food in ten minutes. 4. The telegrams (to send) yesterday. 5. These cars (to produce) in Japan. 6. The exam (to pass) soon. 7. Jack (to arrest) two days ago. 8. Flowers (to sell) every day. 9. He (to take) to the café next weekend. 10. She (to invite) to the cinema yesterday.

Task 6. Измените предложения по образцу: He wrote a letter. – The letter was written.

1. They built many hotels last year. 2. You typed the document. 3. We eat bread every day. 4. We gather mushrooms in Autumn. 5. She will buy this bag tomorrow. 6. He will meet them at the airport. 7. We read newspapers every morning. 8. She brought the dictionary an hour ago. 9. They will finish the work soon. 10. I spent the money yesterday.

Task 7. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple Passive.

1. Мне рассказывают – мне рассказали – мне расскажут (to tell)

2. Мне показывают – мне показали – мне покажут (to show)

3. Мне помогают – мне помогли – мне помогут (to help)

4. Нас спрашивают – нас спросили – нас спросят (to ask)

5. Нам отвечают – нам ответили – нам ответят (to answer)

6. Им дают – им дали – им дадут (to give)

7. Его забывают – его забыли – его забудут (to forget)

8. Ее приглашают – ее пригласили – ее пригласят (to invite)

9. Вас отправляют – вас отправили – вас отправят (to send)

10. Вас берут – вас взяли – вас возьмут (to take)

Тема 21. Причастие

Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками как прилагательного (иногда наречия), так и глагола.

Формы причастия

	Active	Passive
I	Indefinite Participle	* V + ing testing	being + V3 being tested
Perfect Participle	* having + V3 having tested	having been + V3 having been tested
II	Past Participle	_______________	* V3 tested