Виды придаточных предложений
Придаточные предложения бывают:
а) подлежащими (союзы that, whether)
That he won't come is sure. – То, что он не придёт, не вызывает сомнения;
б) сказуемыми (союзы if, whether)
The question is if (whether) she will come. – Вопрос в том, придёт ли она;
в) дополнительными (that, whom, what, which)
I know that she won't come. – Я знаю, что она не придёт;
г) определительными (which, that, who, as, whose, when, where, why, how)
Here is the man who has spoken to you over the phone. – Вот человек, который разговаривал с вами по телефону;
д) обстоятельственными:
- времени (after, before, when, while, since, until, till, as);
- условия (if, whether, unless);
- места (where);
- причины (as, because);
- образа действия (as, as if, as though);
- цели (lest, so … that, in order that);
- сравнительными (as … as, than).
You'll ask her about it, when she returns. – Ты спросишь её об этом, когда она вернётся.
As it was hot we decided to have a swim. – Так как было жарко, мы решили искупаться.
I don’t know where he is now. – Я не знаю, где он сейчас.
Таблица времён английского глагола (Активный залог)
Время | Simple (Indefinite) (факты, повторяющиеся действия) | Continuous (Progressive) (действие, происходящее в данный момент) | Perfect (предшествование данному моменту, законченность) | Perfect Continuous (действие, начавшееся в какой-либо момент и продолжающееся до другого данного момента, часто включая его) |
Present | I show He shows We show Маркеры: usually, always, sometimes, often, seldom, as a rule, every day (week, year), twice a year | I am He is showing We are Маркеры: now, at this moment | I have He has shown We have Маркеры: today, this week / year/ month /, already, ever, never, yet, just, for a long time, for two hours, up to now, since | I have He has been showing We have Маркеры: for an hour (month), for a long time since 9 o’clock, since last year, these two weeks. all my life, how long … |
Past | I He showed We Маркеры: yesterday, the day before yes terday, last week, a few days ago, the other days, in 1945, during the war | I was He was showing We were Маркеры: at that time, at 2 o’clock yesterday, at noon, at midnight, while, the whole evening, all day long, from nine till eleven | I He had shown We Маркеры: by that time, by two o’clock, by Sunday, by the end of the year / month | I He had been showing We Маркеры: for an hour (month), for a long time since 9 o’clock, since last year, these two weeks. all my life, how long … |
Future | I He will We show Маркеры: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a few days, next week (year), soon | I shall (will) He will be We shall (will) showing Маркеры: at that time, at 2 o’clock tomorrow, at noon, at midnight, while, the whole evening, all day long, from nine till eleven | I shall (will) He will have We shall (will) shown Маркеры: by that time, by two o’clock, by Sunday, by the end of the year / month | I shall (will) have He will been We shall (will) showing Маркеры: for an hour (month), for a long time since 9 o’clock, since last year, these two weeks. all my life, how long … |
Примечание.Во временах группы Continuous не употребляются следующие глаголы: feel, like, see, hear, smell, understand, wish, want, think, be, know, mean. Вместо Continuous эти глаголы употребляются во временах Indefinite или Perfect.
Таблица времён английского глагола (Пассивный залог)
Время | Simple | Continuous | Perfect |
Present | I am He is shown We are | I am He is being shown We were | I have He has been shown We have |
Past | I was He was shown We were | I was He was being shown We were | I had He had been shown we had |
Future | I shall (will) He will be shown We shall (will) | Формы не существует | I shall (will) He will have been We shall (will) shown |
Таблица неправильных глаголов
Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Participle II | Перевод |
be | was, were | been | быть |
become | became | become | становиться |
begin | began | begun | начинать |
blow | blew | blown | дуть |
break | broke | broken | ломать |
bring | brought | brought | приносить |
build | built | built | строить |
buy | bought | bought | покупать |
catch | caught | caught | ловить |
choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
come | came | come | приходить |
do | did | done | делать |
draw | drew | drawn | рисовать |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | мечтать |
drink | drank | drunk | пить |
eat | ate | eaten | есть |
fight | fought | fought | сражаться |
find | found | found | находить |
fly | flew | flown | летать |
forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать |
freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать |
get | got | got | получать |
give | gave | given | давать |
go | went | gone | идти |
grow | grew | grown | расти |
have | had | had | иметь |
hear | heard | heard | слышать |
hide | hid | hid, hidden | прятать |
keep | kept | kept | держать |
know | knew | known | знать |
leave | left | left | покидать |
|
Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Participle II | Перевод |
let | let | let | позволять |
lose | lost | lost | терять |
make | made | made | делать |
meet | met | met | встречать |
put | put | put | класть |
read | read | read | читать |
ring | rang | rung | звонить |
run | ran | run | бежать |
say | said | said | говорить |
see | saw | seen | видеть |
sell | sold | sold | продавать |
send | sent | sent | посылать |
shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
show | showed | shown | показывать |
sing | sang | sung | петь |
sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
sleep | slept | slept | спать |
sow | sowed | sown | сеять |
speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
spend | spent | spent | тратить |
stand | stood | stood | стоять |
sweep | swept | swept | мести |
swim | swam | swum | плыть |
take | took | taken | брать |
teach | taught | taught | учить |
tell | told | told | рассказывать |
think | thought | thought | думать |
throw | threw | thrown | бросать |
understand | understood | understood | понимать |
wear | wore | worn | носить |
win | won | won | выигрывать |
write | wrote | written | писать |
Приложение
Цель преподавания дисциплины «Иностранный язык»:
- обучение иностранному языку как обязательному компоненту профессиональной подготовки современного специалиста любого профиля;
- системный подход к обучению иностранному языку;
- создание целостной системы обучения студентов иностранному языку на разных этапах обучения на основе индивидуального подхода;
- достижение общеобразовательных и воспитательных целей обучения на основе гуманизации обучения.
Задачи изучения дисциплины:
- формирование умений иноязычного общения, чтения, аудирования, письма;
- развитие самостоятельности студента, его творческой активности и личной ответственности за результативность обучения;
- развитие природных задатков.