Причастие, герундий и отглагольное существительное
Обратите внимание на различные значения ing -формы:
В следующих предложениях reading причастие:
My brother is reading a book.
In the library you can see many people reading
books. Reading his newspaper, the old man fell
asleep.
В следующих предложениях reading герундий:
Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure. It is no use reading these notes I like reading a good book. I am thinking of reading a new A.Christie book. I remember reading a very clever article on
market economy.
Сравните эти два предложения:
My brother is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury, причастие
My dream is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury, герундий
Упр. 397. Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing форма является причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing форма является герундием.
I. a) When we entered the classroom, we saw many students writing at the desks. b) Do you mind my writing with your pen? c) He was writing a letter when I entered the room. a) We all listened with great interest to the speaker criticizing the new book. b) Criticizing the work of our sports club, he said that it was not satisfactory. c) We were criticizing the work of our sanitary committee at that moment. d) I have no objection to your criticizing me. 3. In this picture you can see a young man giving flowers to a girl. 4. Running water is always better than standing water. 5. John likes studying history . 6. Lydia could retell the English story she had read without looking into the book. 7. Everybody ran meet the people returning from the city. 8. Never jump off a moving train. 9. Reading books out-of-doors is his favourite way of spending the summer holidays, but he likes swimming and going on excursions as well. 10. You can learn what the new words mean by looking them up in the dictionary. II. Before going to meet his friend he went home to change his clothes. 12. The remaining cakes were given to the children. 13. The cakes, remaining from the evening, were given to the children. 14. They went out to meet the returning women. 15. Returning home after a good holiday is always pleasant. 16. Returning home after a good holiday he looked the picture of health. 17. They went home quickly, protecting themselves from the rain by walking under the trees. 18. In this factory much attention is paid to protecting the health of the workers. 19. He stopped writing and looked around. 20. Playing volley-ball is a good amusement for young people. 21. She left the room without saying a word. 22. We had the pleasure of seeing the performance
Упр. 398. Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing форма является причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.
1. The boys continued playing football. 2. He was looking at the plane flying overhead. 3. Watch ing the playing kittens was great fun for the chil dren. 4. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence. 5. It is no use going there now. 6. Coming out of the wood, the travellers saw a ruined castle in the distance. 7. My greatest pleasure is travelling. 8. Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 9. Growing corn on his desert island, Robinson Crusoe hoped to eat bread one day. 10. Growing roses takes a lot of care and attention. 11. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 12. The children were tired of running. 13. Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates. 14. Having prepared all the necessary equipment, they began the experiment. 15. Mary will stop for a few days at the seaside before going back home. 16. While translating the text I looked up many words in the dictionary. 17. I usualy help mother by washing the dishes and doing the rooms. 18. Entering the room, I saw my friends smiling at me. 19. Instead of phoning his friend, he went to see him.
Сравните герундий и отглагольное существительное
Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.
The reading of a good book
gives me a lot of pleasure.
Герундий
Отглагольное
Существетельное
Упр. 399. Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing форма является герундием;
b) предложения, в которых ing форма является отглагольным существительным.
1. Sleeping is necessary. 2. We felt so disappointed at your having missed nearly half the programme.
3. The building of this house will cost much money.
4. Are you dressed for going out? 5. I hate the idea of doing it once more. 6. Then came a general lighting of pipes and cigars. 7. But you don't mind being asked to help us, do you? 8. The forest resounded with the hooting of owls and the howling of wolves. 9. She blamed herself for having been a dull companion. 10. The singing of those beautiful folk songs impressed me greatly. 11. Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the day fixed. 12. Such doings can hardly be explained. 13. The motor was carefully examined before starting. 14.1 am very pleased to meet you after hearing so much about you. 15. Your hair wants cutting. 16. I shall look forward to seeing you again. 17. It was no use talking about it any longer.
Упр. 400. Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing форма является причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing форма является герундием.
c) предложения, в которых ing форма является отглагольным существительным.
1. You should think before speaking. 2. After finding the new word in the dictionary, I wrote it down and went on reading. 3. He spent much time on the copying of his literature lectures. 4. What do you mean by saying that? 5. The students found the reading ot English newspapers rather difficult at first. 6. Instead of going home after school, the girls went for a walk. 7. Chalk is used for writing on the blackboard. 8. We sat by the river-side listening to the running of the water. 9. The cleaning of the room was done by the girls. 10. Working in the garden is very good for the health of people. 11. Going home from the theatre, they were discussing the play they had seen.
Упр. 401. Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing форма является герундием.
c) предложения, в которых ing форма является отглагольным существительным.
1. Remembering that time was like going back to his childhood and re-living those happy days. 2. Looking back upon that time, he realized how happy he had been then. 3. Tom lived there like a paying guest, attracting very little attention of the others. 4. Sitting by her sleeping child, the worried mother at last began to realize by its peace-
tul breathing that all danger was over. 5. [ stopped knocking at the door and, sitting down at the top of the stairs, began waiting for my father to come. 6. With a sudden tightening of the muscles he became aware of a figure walking noiselessly beside him. 7. She praised herself for having come. 8. Having stopped crying, the child quieted down to hard thinking. 9. The old clock kept ticking on the mantelpiece, as if counting the seconds left before the coming of daylight.
Упр. 402. Расположите по порядку:
a) предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;
b) предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.
c) предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.
1. These happenings are remarkable. 2. Travelling is a pleasant way of improving one's education. 3. Every trust arranges for the marketing of its products. 4. Asking him for help is useless. 5. Happily we escaped being delayed on our way. 6. The driving wheel of the machine is broken. 7. Driving in a motor-car we passed many villages.
8. We have every chance of passing our examma-Hions well. 9. Having been knocked down by a passing car, the poor man was at once taken to hospi-Ital. 10. You don't know what you miss, not having the desire to listen to good music. 11. There are many discoveries being made all over the world. 12. Seeing this man, I recollected perfectly having met him many years before. 13. I was told of a great friendship existing between the two captains. 14- It is no use crying over spilt milk.
СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ (COMPLEX OBJECT)