Choose a suitable verb from those given in brackets and fill in the blanks with the correct form

1. a) The Scandinavian sea-rovers ... pieces of uninhab­ited land to the south-west of Greenland a long time before Christopher Columbus discovered the New World. They ... settlements which did not survive for long. b) Some time after Columbus discovered the islands called the West Indies the Europeans ... that they were not part of India; they bor­dered on a new, unknown continent, (to find, to found, to find out) 2. a) Anne threw herself flat on the sofa and ... motion­less for some minutes. b) The children ... the table and sat quietly waiting for the dinner. c) The secretary ... the doc­uments out on the table for the commission to examine them. d) The secretary ... the papers out on the table and the commission were examining them when the telephone rang. e) The father felt certain that the boy ..., but he had not stopped him: he did not want to embarrass him in the pres­ence of strangers, though he knew it was a lie. f) Eliza ... in bed for two weeks and was now too weak to go out; as a matter of fact she could hardly walk. (to lie, to lay, to lie) 3. a) The old man ... his hat to greet all those present. b) The passenger ... the heavy suitcase and was trying to put it on the upper shelf. c) That was real success. The spectators ... from their seats and clapped (were clapping) their hands shouting "Bravo". d) The balloon ... high up in the air and moved over the forest driven by the wind. (to rise, to raise)

Determine the meaning of the perfect forms.

1. "Will you have dinner with us?" "No, thank you. I have dined already." 2. I met Sam in a nearby cafeteria and told him what had happened. 3. By the first of May the builders had erected a speaker's tribune in the park. 4. The secretary has typed all the papers. You may have them. 5. Have you ever been in the Far East? 6. I have asked John about his plans for the summer many times but have received no defi­nite answer. 7. "Has the bell rung yet?" "Yes, it has already rung but the lesson has not yet started." 8. I am certain that by 1986 George will have presented his thesis and will have received a Bachelor's degree. 9. Anne has been ill for two weeks now. You must help her with her studies. 10. They could not cross the river because the water had risen during the night. 11. We have known the Coopers for only a short while. 12. I'm afraid I shall not see you in Moscow. I shall have left by the time you arrive there. 13. The travellers had hardly reached the forest when it grew dark.

Use a perfect form in the required tense choosing a suitable verb from the list.

to punish, to lose, to disobey, to break, to have, to miss, to receive, to borrow, to buy, to leave, to enter

1. You ... the doctor's orders and I am afraid of the conse­quences. 2. The ticket-inspector fined her as she ... her train ticket. 3. Quick! The train ... by the time you get to the station if you don't hurry. 4. The boy ... severely ... because he ... the window. 5. Anne ... my dictionary, that's why today I am working in the library. 6. The teacher ... hardly ... the class­room when the bell rang. 7. I ... a headache since morning, I believe I am falling ill. 8. Mother ... some foodstuffs and is cooking dinner. 9. I am afraid that when he comes he will be annoyed that he ... you. 10. We ... no letters from David since he left.

33. Make alternative questions from the following sentences using the words and phrases given in brackets.

1. Our friends have bought a summer cottage near a river, (to rent) 2. I have never been in Central Asia. (the Far East) 3. John has left his textbook at home. (his exercise-book) 4. The baby has had a high temperature for several days. (only today) 5. George has called on Ann today. (to telephone) 6. You have had two French lessons this week. (four lessons) 7. Sue spent the summer on the sea shore together with her sister. (all by herself) 8. You are meeting Ann in the cafeteria in twenty minutes, aren't you? (in the park) 9. You have met (seen) George only once this week. (many times) 10. You look tired. Evidently you have been working hard the last few days. (not to feel well)