Методические указания по использованию пособия
Unit 1. Travelling
Topical vocabulary
railway station железнодорожный вокзал (станция)
booking office билетная касса
left-luggage office/check-room (Am.) камера хранения
inquire office справочное бюро
single/return ticket билет в один конец/обратный билет
long distance/fast/through train поезд дальнего следования/скорый
/прямой
to board/get on the train сесть на поезд
car/carriage вагон
reserved-seats car вагон с сидячими местами
sleeping car спальный вагон
dining-car/lunch-car вагон-ресторан
compartment купе
lower/upper berth нижняя/верхняя полка
airport аэропорт
air-line авиалиния
flying route авиарейс
jet-plane реактивный самолет
flying weather летная погода
to cancel the flight отменить рейс
take off/to take off взлет/взлетать
to land приземляться
forced landing вынужденная посадка
Phrases to Remember
Can I book a (single) ticket for the (fast) train? —Могу я купить билет
(в один конец) на (скорый) поезд?
I wonder how much is a (return) ticket? — Интересно, сколько стоит билет
(в оба конца)?
Is there a (through) train to...? — Есть ли (прямой) поезд на...?
The train runs 3 times (a week) — Поезд ходит З раза (в неделю).
The train is coming in/pulling in (Am.) — Поезд подходит.
The train is leaving/pulling out (Am.) - Поезд отправляется.
Where do we change for...? — Где у нас пересадка на...?
When is our train due in…? — Когда наш поезд должен прибыть в…?
According to the time-table we are due there at (6 a.m.) — Согласно расписанию мы должны быть там в (6 часов утра).
What is the number of your flying route? – Какой номер вашего авиарейса?
Our flight is canceled – Наш авиарейс отменен.
Don't see me off to the airport — He провожайте меня в аэропорт.
The plane takes off at 6 a.m. — Самолет улетает в 6 часов утра.
What is the altitude? – Какова высота полета?
Fasten seat belts – Пристегните ремни безопасности.
Observe non-smoking signal! — He курите!
We had a forced landing – У нас была вынужденная посадка.
Have you enjoyed the flight? — Вы хорошо перенесли полет?
No, decidedly not! — Нет, очень плохо.
I was air-sick — Я чувствовала себя плохо во время полета.
I can't stand long-distance flights — Я не могу переносить полеты на дальние расстояния.
Did you have a pleasant trip? — У вас было приятное путешествие?
1. Read and translate the text:
Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.
Of course, travelling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are travelling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.
Travelling by sea is popular mostly for pleasure trips. On board large ships and small river boats people can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country. Trips on the Volga, the Dnepr, the Yenisei, the Black Sea are very popular today.
As for me I prefer travelling by car. I think it's very convenient. You needn't reserve your tickets. You needn't carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish and spend at any place as much time as you like.
2. Read the text and give some questions to it:
Travelling is extremely important nowadays. Two hundred years ago, most people never travelled further than a few kilometers. Whenever they travelled they walked, or went by carriage, or on horseback. But in the last quarter of the twentieth century, people have travelled a lot. Many people travel 50 or 100 kilometers daily by public transport or private car. Millions of people travel long distances abroad on business trips or for holidays every year. Even a housewife who is going shopping may travel twenty kilometers.
For most people, speed is a very important factor when they are travelling. They want to reach their destination as quickly as possible. There are now planes that can cross the Atlantic in just over three hours.
Other people prefer comfort to speed. They like to relax during the journey and enjoy themselves as much as possible. For almost everyone, safety is the most important factor. For example, many people never fly because they believe it is dangerous. In fact, it is probably much more dangerous to travel by car or to walk across a street.
3. Answer the following question and make a dialogue:
1. Is travelling popular today?
2. What means of travelling do you know?
3. Which means of travelling are the most popular with the passengers? Why?
4. Which is the fastest way of travelling?
5. Have you ever travelled by air?
6. How do people usually travel when they go abroad? Why?
7. When you travel within the country, do you usually go by car,
by plane, by ship or by train?
8. What are the advantages of travelling by railway?
9. When did you last travel by train?
10. Do you like to change trains?
11. Is travelling by sea faster or slower than by train?
12. What are the most popular sea trips in our country?
13. Do you agree that travelling by sea is always enjoyable?
14. Have you seen a storm on sea?
15. What makes travelling by car enjoyable?
16. What are the disadvantages of travelling by car?
17. Where do you usually spend your holiday?
18. Where do you stay when you go to the South?
19. What is the best time for travelling and tourism?
20. What country would you like to visit if you had an opportunity?
4. Complete the following sentences:
1. When I travel by train I usually book tickets (заранее). 2. You book your tickets (по телефону). 3. If I have a lot of luggage my friends (провожают меня до станции). 4. If you have a lot of luggage you (нанимаете носильщика). 5. Passengers usually wait for their trains (на платформе). 6. We leave our luggage (в камере хранения). 7. If you need any information about a train you address (справочное бюро).
5. Agree or disagree with the statements. Use the following replies:
(Not) quite so; I fully agree with you; I'm of the same opinion; I should say it's only partly true; that depends...;I don't think so; On the contrary; I can't agree here; I shouldn't say so; On the one hand; On the other hand.
1. Most people look forward to their holiday trips. 2. It's impossible to plan your holiday trip in advance. 3. A coach tour is less expensive than an individual trip. 4. One of the advantages of a coach tour is that you have no trouble with your luggage. 5. If you start on your travel, it's better to travel light. 6. You can't have a good rest if you do a lot of sightseeing on your holiday trip. 7. You can't really enjoy sightseeing if you're "on the go" from morning till late at night. 8. All big cities of the world are terribly overcrowded at rush tourist time. 9. Few people can afford long distance travels. 10. Staying in the country is a very pleasant way of spending a holiday.
6. Answer the questions, starting with the following replies:
I suppose/believe; As far as I know; As a rule; That depends; Actually; As a matter of fact; Frankly/strictly speaking; To tell the truth.
1. Which is the most convenient way of travelling? 2. Which is the quickest way of travelling? 3. What's the speed of the fastest train (ship, plane)? 4. What was your longest trip by train (ship, plane)? 5. What must you do first before starting on a trip? 6. Where do you buy tickets for a train (ship, plane)? 7. Do you usually take much luggage with you? 8. How much luggage are you allowed on the plane? 9. Who takes care of the passengers on board the plane? 10. What kind of refreshment can you have on the plane? 11. Where do you take your meals while travelling by train (plane, ship)? 12. What kind of trains are more convenient for long distance travelling? 13. What things must you always have about while travelling? 14. Do you prefer a lower or an upper berth on the ship (train)? State your reason. 15. What are the conductor's duties on the train? 16. Who helps travellers to carry their luggage?
7. Discuss with your friend:
1) if he often travels (makes trips); 2) when he travelled last by train (ship, plane); 3) if he usually books tickets in advance; 4) how much a ticket to his home town costs; 5) if he takes much luggage on his trips; 6) if he has ever missed a train (plane, ship); 7) if his friends come to see him off (to the airport, railway station, etc.); 8) if he has ever made a tour of some town (or port) of our country; 9) what foreign countries he has visited already; 10) what foreign countries he would like to visit.
8. Read and translate the dialogues. Compose your own dialogues on the same situations:
At the inquiry office
Stanley: Good morning.
Clerk: Good morning, sir.
Stanley: I've found out from this time-table that there are several trains to Glasgow.
Clerk: Yes, quite so.
Stanley: Is there a second-class sleeper on the overnight express which leaves at 10.15 p.m.?
Clerk: Yes. The train has sleeping accommodation.
Stanley: What time does the train get to Glasgow?
Clerk: It's due to arrive in Glasgow at 6.30 a.m. It usually runs on time.
At the booking office
Stanley: I’d like three tickets to Glasgow for tomorrow.
Booking-clerk: Which train?
Stanley: The 20.15 express.
Booking-clerk: Second class?
Stanley: Yes. Second-class sleeper.
Booking-clerk: Single or return?
Stanley: Three returns tickets, please.
Booking-clerk: Just a minute. Let me see. Yes. I can give you three berths in one compartment. Here you are.
Stanley: Thank you.
Getting on the train
Borisov and Kozin hired a taxi and arrived at the station 30 minutes before the train's departure. Mr. Stanley was already waiting for them.
Borisov: Good evening. Mr. Stanley.
Stanley: Good evening.
Borisov: What platform is our train leaving from?
Stanley: Platform 2. This way, please. Here is our carriage. Put your suitcase on the luggage-rack here.
Borisov: All right. Is there a buffet-car on the train, Mr. Stanley? I'd like to have a snack.
Stanley: I was just about to tell you, that there was no buffet-car on the train and we would have to do without supper. But I'm sure we can get a snack at a cafeteria in the station.
Borisov: I'd like to but don't you think we can miss the train?
Stanley: Oh, no. It won't take us long.
It took them about 15 minutes to have a snack at the cafeteria and they caught the train when it was about to start.
In the train
Stanley 
: Well, we're moving at last. The train seems to be not crowded.
Borisov: Not so overcrowded as at the rush tourist time in summer.
Stanley : Quite true. Lots of people are holidaying in summer.
Borisov: Well, it feels pretty hot here. Would you mind my opening the window?
Stanley : Not at all, I think fresh air will do us good.
On the ship
A.: Do you happen to know when our ship is due in Amsterdam?
В.: According to the time-table we are due there at noon tomorrow, but I think we are an hour late.
A.: Oh, it does not matter, we'll catch up.
В.: The sea has been quite calm since the beginning of the voyage, but I am afraid the night might bring us a storm.
A.: There is nothing to be afraid of, I'm sure we'll come on schedule and have a good landing tomorrow.
В.: Well, good night then. I'm going to my cabin now. I feel somewhat sleepy.
A.: Happy dreams!
At the airport
John: Hello, Pete! I'm sorry I'm late. When did you arrive?
Pete: Hi, John. I got here at seven thirty. We were a half hour early.
John: Did you get your suitcases?
Pete: No, I didn't pick them up. They are in the baggage-room.
John: I got your telegram yesterday. Did you have a jolly trip?
Pete: Well, it was a great fun, but in the end I got homesick.
John: That's why they say: "East or West — home is best."
A coach tour
A.: I like a coach tour because it isn't expensive. Indeed, it wouldn't be possible for individual travellers to do it at the same low price.
В.: Certainly. And besides such tours are planned as holidays, so you have a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time. Last year I went by coach through a few countries and enjoyed the tour very much.
A.: Imagine! Last year I was on a coach tour too. During that fourteen-day holiday I visited Switzerland, France, and Italy. Sightseeing was combined with rest because we stayed for a few days at some lovely small hotels.
В.: My tour wasn't bad either. I went to Paris where I spent six days. I wouldn't call it rest as I was "on the go" (на ногах) from morning till late at night. It's a pity Paris is so crowded in summer as there is a big tourist rush.
A.: And where did you go to from Paris?
В.: Well, we went on to the south of France and enjoyed it very much. It's so pleasant to have no trouble with luggage as it's taken care of for you at each night stop.
A.: Oh, yes! And hotels are carefully selected and booked in advance.
9. Read, translate and remember the following regulations. Write down the rules for those who travel by train, by ship:
Air travel
1. Passengers are requested to arrive at the airport two hours before departure time.
2. Passengers must register their tickets, weigh in and register the luggage. Excess luggage must be paid for.
3. Passengers must go through passport control.
4. Each passenger is given a boarding pass to be shown at the departure gate and again to the stewardess when boarding the plane.
5. Watch the electric sign flashes, listen to the announcements in the plane and follow them.
6. Do not forget your personal belongings when leaving the plane.
Topical vocabulary
manager - управляющий
receptionist - регистратор
reception desk/counter - бюро регистрации
hotel clerks/attendants - служащие/персонал гостиницы
porter/doorman (Am.) - швейцар
guest/arrival - гость/приезжий
to engage a room/to check in (Am.) - остановиться в гостинице
to depart/to check out (Am.) - выехать из гостиницы
to vacate the room - освободить комнату
duration of stay – продолжительность пребывания
fill in (up) a form – заполнять бланк (анкету)
permanent address – постоянный адрес
to check the luggage/baggage (Am.) - сдать багаж
single/double room – одноместная/двухместная комната
communicating rooms – смежные комнаты
(chamber) maid, bell-boy - горничная, коридорный/посыльный
express/urgent service - срочное обслуживание
laundry, laundress - прачечная; прачка
(to) tip/extra pay - (давать) чаевые; дополнительная оплата
to make out the bill – выписывать счет
cancellation – отмена, отказ (то заказа)
Phrases to Remember
An arrival - приезжий
I have a (confirmed) reservation — Для меня забронирована комната.
Have you got any vacant rooms? — У Вас есть свободные номера?
Will you give us an early call tomorrow morning? — Разбудите нас, пожалуйста, рано утром.
Get my bill ready, please! - Приготовьте счет, пожалуйста!
Reception clerk - администратор
The hotel is full — В гостинице мест нет.
Will you, please, fill in/up these forms? — Пожалуйста, заполните бланки.
Kindly sign the hotel register — Пожалуйста, распишитесь в книге приезжающих.
You must vacate the room in due time — Вы должны освободить комнату в назначенное время.
1. Read and translate the dialogues. Compose your own dialogues on the same situations:
A.
A.: Could you give me the name of a good hotel to stop at?
В.: I will make out a list of several hotels for you to choose from.
A.: How will I manage getting there?
В.: The taxi driver will take you to the different addresses.
A.: Is it necessary to reserve your hotel room?
В.: That depends on the season. At the rush tourist season you have to make your hotel reservations two or three months in advance.
B. Engaging a room
Guest: Excuse me, have you got any vacant room?
Room-Clerk: Single or double, Sir?
G.: Two singles, please.
R.C.: Which floor would you like, Sir?
G.: It's all the same to us. Do we have to pay by the day or by the week?
R.C.: By the day, Sir. Will you, please, fill up these forms, Sir?
G.: Christian name, surname, nationality, place and date of birth... Shall I fill in my permanent address and occupation?
R.C.: Yes, please. And the date of arrival and departure. How long are you going to stay?
G.: About ten days or so.
R.C.: Your signature, Sir. Sign here, please. The bell-boy will show you to your rooms. Here is the key.
G.: Shall we leave the suitcases in the lobby?
R.C.: Do, please. The porter will take your cases up immediately. Would you like morning tea in your room?
G.: Yes, and the morning papers, please.
R.C.: Certainly, Sir.
C. Leaving the hotel
Guest: I'm leaving today. Get my bill ready, please!
Reception clerk: Certainly. It will be ready in due time.
G.: When must I vacate the room?
R.C.: It must be vacated in two hours' time.
G.: Please, will you send my mail to...
R.C.: O.K. I'll write down the address.
G.: Thanks. And now could you direct me to the nearest bank? I want to change some foreign currency. I wonder, what’s the rate of exchange?
2. Read and compose your own dialogues combining the following phrases:
1 2 3
| A. Have you a single room for two nights? C. Yes, but only on the top floor. A. What’s the price? C: £4.50 with service and TV. A: Fair enough. Can you show me the room? C: Of course. Would you like to follow me? | Can I book a double room from now until Friday? You can have Room 33 overlooking the sea. What does it cost? £4.20 not counting the service. Can you show me something a little cheaper? Yes, of course. Would you take a seat for a moment? | I wonder whether you have any vacancies for tonight. Yes, I can offer you Room 24 on the first floor or 11 on the ground floor. How much is it? £2.90 a night excluding service. Can I have a look at it, please? Certainly. Come this way. |
Topical vocabulary
profession профессия, специальность
responsibility ответственность
the military profession военная специальность
to specialize in специализироваться
to make up one's mind решать
school-leaving certificate аттестат о среднем образовании
job/ occupation занятие, работа
science and technology наука и техника
applied linguistics прикладная лингвистика
lawyer юрист
journalist журналист
interpreter переводчик
scientist ученый
economist экономист
sailor моряк
to choose a career выбирать профессию
general education общее образование
skilled опытный
qualified квалифицированный
employment занятость
dedication посвящение
competence компетенция
commerce торговля 
marketing маркетинг
advertising реклама
promotion продвижение
to apply to the University поступать в университет
(enter the University)
to leave (finish) school заканчивать школу
to get interested in интересоваться
to earn money зарабатывать деньги
to succeed in преуспевать, достигать цели
to work as an accountant работать бухгалтером
to work at an office работать в офисе
Phrases to remember
What is your job? Чем вы занимаетесь?
What are you? Кто вы по профессии?
I wonder, what are you going Интересно, что вы собираетесь
to do after leaving school? делать после окончания школы?
1. Read and translate the text:
Finishing school is the beginning of an independent life for millions of school-leavers. It is the beginning of a far more serious examination of your knowledge, abilities and character. We usually say that all roads are open before our school-leavers: vocational and technical schools, institutes and universities. But actually it is very difficult to make up one's mind and choose one of the hundreds of jobs. While at school I changed my mind a lot of times and couldn't decide which science or field of industry to specialize in.
At schools we have industrial training centers that are supposed to help in choosing a job. Teachers and parents also advise pupils, but still very few of them take a clear-cut view of what they want to do. Generally pupils are not realistic in thinking about jobs. They have dreams of playing football for some big clubs, or becoming pop stars, or heart transplant surgeons or international experts of some kind. Teachers and parents try to channel that enthusiasm into something more realistic, to get the pupils away from their fantasy level without knocking the dream completely. But often it doesn't work and school-leavers get disappointed in life.
While choosing a job many factors should be taken into consideration: wages and salaries, job-satisfaction, opportunities to travel and to see much, etc.
2. Read the text and answer the following questions:
What's An Occupation?
An occupation is a business, trade or employment that occupies one's time either permanently or as a hobby. It's an activity of any kind for which a person has the necessary qualifications and training: "I am by occupation a teacher, and he is by occupation a taxi-driver."
What is a "trade"? A "trade" is a way of making a living, especially a handicraft. He is a carpenter (a tailor) by trade. Shoemaking is a useful trade. Trade schools teach different trades, for example: cooking, furniture-making, operating different machines. In these schools you can get training in any trade you may choose. There are many trades; all of them are important and useful. Why not learn the trade of a turner, a fitter or a bricklayer after you finish school? Workers of these trades are always in great demand.
What is a "profession"? It is an occupation, especially one, requiring advanced education and special training. For example: the law, architecture, teaching, medicine. He is a lawyer by profession.
Some of you may already know what occupation you wish to follow, what you will be by trade or profession. Others of you have not yet made your decision. There are so many different trades and professions today, that it is not easy to decide.
permanent - постоянный
qualification - квалификация
a carpenter - плотник
a tailor - портной
to operate a machine - работать на станке (управлять машиной) .
a turner - токарь
a fitter - слесарь ;
a bricklayer– каменщик
1) What is an occupation?
2) What is your mother's (father's) occupation?
3) What is a trade? What trades do you know?
4) What schools teach different trades?
5) What is a profession?
6) Where can you be taught a profession?
7) What professions can you name?
8) Do you know what trade or profession you will enter?
3. Read and retell the text, use the questions below:
Choosing a profession
"What do you want to be when you grow up?" You have heard this question many times during your school years, haven't you? Perhaps it was difficult for you to give a definite answer, perhaps it wasn't. Perhaps you changed your mind as the years passed about which science or field of industry you would like to specialize in. There are always some boys and girls who know very well what they are going to do after leaving school.
Because of the wide difference in jobs, you should find out all you can about any job which interests you. This can be done by going to the library and by reading widely, and also by talking to adults who have different kinds of jobs. You also need to think about how well you can do what you would like to do.
Perhaps the best way to prepare for any job is to get a good education - to do well at school, and to learn all you can outside of school. Jobs change and new ones are constantly appearing. Some years from now there will be many more new jobs.
1. Is there a great variety of jobs in our country?
2. Can our young people choose any profession they like?
3. Is higher education available to those who work?
4. Is it easy to choose a profession?
5. What profession can you get at the Institute (at the
vocational school)?
6. Who helped you to make your choice?
7. What was your favorite subject at school?
8. Why have you chosen your profession?
9. Do you know much about your future profession?
10. What other jobs do you know?
11. Which of them do you like? Why?
12. What fields of science are you going to apply
your knowledge of English?
4. Discuss with your friend:
a) what professions he knows; what professions he
likes most of all; what his father's (mother's, sister's)
profession is; what he will do if he doesn't enter the Institute.
b) why he has chosen this profession; why he doesn't
want to be an engineer; why he didn't enter the Institute
last year.
c) who influenced the choice of his profession; who his
favorite teacher was; who his teacher of English was.
d) whether he knows much of his profession; whether
he knows about the difficulties of his future profession;
whether his parents are satisfied with his choice.
Choosing a profession
Nick: Pete, have you already made up your mind what profession to choose?
Pete: Yes, I am going to apply to the Law Faculty of Moscow State University as I want to be a lawyer. I think that the profession of a lawyer is one of the most important in the law-governed state which we are creating now. Lawyers have to solve many problems that still exist in our society. The duty of the lawyers is not only to punish people for various crimes: hooliganism, stealing, traffic violation and so on but they must do their best to prevent crimes, to fight against evil in our society. They should help those people who committed an error to find the right road in their life. The lawyers protect the rights and legal interests of citizens, institutions and organizations. As for me, I want to be a defence counsel. And where are you going to study?
Nick: I decided to apply to the faculty of journalism at Saint-Petersburg State University. I'd like to be a journalist. The press and journalists play a very important role in the life of any country and in the process of democratization of our society in particular. The duty of the journalists is to tell people the truth about success and shortcomings in all spheres of life in our country. In their publications they should truthfully depict the life and aspirations of the people, political and economic problems facing our country and other countries of the world. The truthful information about our home and world events help to create the atmosphere of confidence, justice, compassion, mutual support and understanding in the society.
Nobody can say exactly what the best qualifications for a career of a journalist are. But it is clear that those who have decided to take up journalism as a career should have genuine interest in people. A journalist should have the qualities of sympathy, open-mindedness and inquiring mind. He must be interested in many subjects but not just in one because he deals with many different people and various problems.
The journalist must be a well-educated man with broad outlook to be successful in his profession. He must be able to write in clear, simple and direct language. The right to know is one of the citizens' rights and that's why it won't be an exaggeration to say that the moral health of any society depends upon honest and sincere attitude of journalists to their work.
Fred: There are two aspects I'd like to deal with in future: marketing and advertising which require applied linguistics. Marketing research, communication, planning and advertising are simply impossible without a foreign language. Besides, marketing involves meeting both companies and customers' needs. Here is where the knowledge of English could help.
Further, marketing provides information about foreword demand for the company's products and services, and it helps identify and stimulate this demand for such products and services. In order to get this information you should read foreign literature, it is impossible without proper language knowledge.
Advertising is a part of the marketing strategy; it's a complex of activities and a comprehensive one. Advertising, public relations, direct mail and special events such as product shows, conferences and exhibitions comprise the communication mix where again people from different countries speak mostly English.
I presume that this will be my primary occupation in future. I want to devote my life to it as the role of advertising is a very important and powerful tool. It formulates demand, promotes sales, helps create a market, informs the buyer of the company's products and services and creates the company's image.
Such are my plans for the future. As you can see they are rather complicated and far-reaching.
Topical vocabulary
to make an appointment/to fix a date назначить (деловую) встречу
to have a pressing appointment иметь неотложное деловое свидание
to cancel the date/to call the date off отменить встречу
to make a business call/a duty call нанести деловой визит
to ring/call smb. up/to give a ring звонить по телефону
long-distance call междугородный разговор
call/pay phone телефон общего пользования
to dial a number набрать номер
telephone directory/phone book телефонный справочник
reception room приемная (комната)
caller/visitor посетитель
to give/leave a message передать сообщение
(устно или письменно)
to brief (smb.) on the subject кратко изложить дело
to settle the details/particulars решать частные вопросы/детали
round up/summing up session встреча для подведения
итогов/ результатов
Phrases to Remember
The line is engaged/busy – Линия занята.
Hold the line/hand on – Не вешайте трубку.
He is in conference – Он занят деловым разговором.
He is fully booked – У него занят весь день.
We want to contact/get in touch with...— Мы хотим связаться с...
We'd like you to handle this business — Мы хотели бы, чтобы вы вели
это дело.
What about terms of (payment)? — Как насчет условий (оплаты)? We hope we'll come to an agreement — Мы надеемся прийти к соглашению.
It's a promising proposition! — Это заманчивое предложение!
Business phone calls
1 2 3
A.: Hallo. Griffits Hallo, David Hallo. My name's
here. Can I speak Black speaking. Frank Duncan,
to Dr. Barton, May I have a Could I contact
please? word with the the manager,
dean? please?
В.: Hold the line, I'll just see if he I'll find out if he
please. is in. is in. Hang on
a moment.
A.: O.K. Right. All right.
В.: Sorry, but he is I'm afraid he is in Sorry, but he
out. conference. won't be back
till Monday.
A.: Would you tell Could you take a Can you tell him
him I called up? message? to ring me up
(when he gets back)?
В.: Certainly. By all means. With pleasure.
Making an appointment
J.: Will Dr. Mason I'd like to fix an Do you think the
be able to see me appointment assistant manager
at about 9:30 to- with the head could see me
morrow? of the College. tomorrow before
Would 9:00 10:00 a.m.?
tomorrow be all
right?
Secr.: Sorry, but I'm afraid not. He won't be in
he's fully booked He's got rather till 10:45, so
till 11:00. a full day to- the earliest
morrow. would be 11 a.m.
J.: Would ten to Could I make it How about 12:40?
one be convenient? a quarter to one?
Secr.: Yes, he is Sorry again, but Yes, I'll make a
free then. I'll ring you if note of it.
somebody cancels.
3. Read and translate the dialogues:
A business interview
Mr. Brown: I should like to speak to Mr. Grey, if he's not engaged.
Secretary: Have you an appointment?
Mr. В.: No, but here's my visiting card. If you'll be kind enough to take it in, I'm sure he'll see me.
Secr.: He's on the phone just now. Would you mind waiting a few minutes? Come this way, please.
Mr. Grey: Good morning, Mr. Brown. Take a seat, please. What can I do for you?
Mr. В.: Well, as a matter of fact, I have a proposition to put before you. I think you know well the firm I represent.
Mr. Grey: Oh, yes, but I've never had the pleasure of doing any business with your firm.
Mr. В.: Well, our company has branches all over Australia and New Zealand. So we'd like to get into touch with a good shipping firm in London, such as yours. The idea is that you should act as our agents and handle all our business on this side.
Mr. Grey: And what about terms of payment and the other essential conditions?
Mr. В.: Well, we propose to allow you a 2% commission on all business transacted. No doubt we shall come to an understanding on that point. You would have to attend to the shipment of all goods and arrange for the prices. We are accustomed to paying by bills at three months. What do you think about it?
Mr. Grey: Well, it sounds a promising proposition. I think some such arrangement would suit us very well, but I can't enter into an agreement or make a definite decision without discussing the matter with my partner. I'll just give him a ring.
Talking business
Borisov: Good morning! I’m Borisov. Here is my card.
Stanley: Glad to meet you, Mr. Borisov. Will you take a seat, please?
Borisov: Thank you.
Stanley: Did you have a good trip?
Borisov: Yes, it was quite nice, thank you.
Stanley: Well, Mr. Borisov, let’s discuss business now. What can I do for you?
Borisov: We know you’ve started producing a new model of pumps. The quality of the model meets our requirements and we’d like to place an order with you. Can you make an offer for 150 pumps?
Stanley: Sure! When would you like to have the pumps?
Borisov: We require the pumps for immediate shipment.
Stanley: Well, you see, Mr. Borisov, we are heavy with orders at the moment and can offer you only 50 pumps for now.
Borisov: And what about the balance of 100 pumps?
Stanley: We can start shipping them six months after we sign the contract. I think we can deliver the pumps in four lots of 25 pumps each at regular intervals within eight months. Is that all right with you?
Borisov: Not altogether. We require the pumps earlier. Could you start the deliveries, say, four months after we sign the contract?
Stanley: I’m afraid not. We can guarantee, however, that there won’t be any delay in shipment.
Borisov: All right. I think we could agree to that.
Stanley: Is there anything else you’d like to discuss, Mr. Borisov?
Borisov: Yes, there’s another point I’d like to clarify. When shall we meet to discuss the price and terms of payment?
Stanley: Let’s meet in two days time. I’ve got a crowded programme tomorrow and the day after.
Borisov: Fine. Good-bye, Mr. Stanley.
Stanley: Good-bye, Mr. Borisov
Topical vocabulary
to hold a conference проводить конференцию
panel meeting совещание специалистов
briefing meeting инструктивное совещание
opening session открытие конференции
final sitting заключительное заседание
technical programme специальная программа
chairman председатель
to chair/to preside over the meeting вести собрание
to take minutes вести протокол
items of the agenda вопросы на повестке дня
to submit an abstract представить тезисы
to present a (scientific) paper представить (научный)
доклад
presentation of a paper устное сообщение
to participate; participant участвовать; участник
to sit on committees быть членом комитета
reader/speaker докладчик
to take the floor/to address the meeting брать слово
commencement address вступительное слово
to fix/set up time-limit установить регламент
to make a statement (proposal) сделать заявление
(предложение)
to present an amendment внести поправку
to put (a question) to the vote поставить (вопрос) на
голосование
to direct particular attention to обратить особое внимание на
to put a great deal of emphasis особенно подчеркнуть
wide range of problems большой круг вопросов
simultaneous translation синхронный перевод
to solve the problem; solution решать проблему, решение
honourary guest/guest of honour почетный гость
lobby кулуары
Phrases to Remember
on behalf — от имени
at the request of — по поручению/просьбе
urgent/pressing problem — проблема, не терпящая отлагательств
It's a top priority problem. — Это важнейшая проблема/задача.
It was discussed at a top level. — Она обсуждалась на высшем уровне.
I'm calling the meeting to order. — Я призываю собрание к порядку.
Will you keep to the point please; Don't digress! — Пожалуйста, говорите по существу; не отклоняйтесь от темы.
Who is in favour of/for (against) the proposal? — Кто за (против) этого предложения?
It is a controversial question/problem. — Это спорный вопрос.
Read and translate.
a)Ladies and Gentlemen. I declare the Conference open.
On behalf of the Organizing Committee and in my own name I wish to welcome the guests and the participants of the Conference to... (e.g. Moscow). I wish you every success... My first and pleasant duty as a chairman is to introduce to you our honorary guest Mr. N.
b)Dear friends, it is an honour and privilege for me to welcome you to our country and to this Conference. I wish you every success.I am very happy to introduce to you our guest of Honour Mr. X.
c)I am very happy to be able to introduce our speaker this evening. Professor Jones has been at Riverside University since 1987. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin and received his M.A. and Ph.D. in history from Columbia University. He has published several papers and books in his field. He is a member of several professional organizations and was Vice-president of the American "Historical Association in 2001. Professor Jones has agreed to speak to us this evening.
The Chairman and his duties
The success of the meeting depends a great deal on the Chairman. The Chairman shall direct the debates, maintain order, close the debates when necessary, put questions to the vote and announce the result of the vote. The Chairman's address to the audience should be much shorter than any of the speeches that follow.
When the meeting is opened, the first matter for the Chairman is to read the agenda and to explain briefly the work to be done. Anyone who wants to take the floor should ask the Chairman beforehand or by simply raising his hand after the Chairman opens discussion. The Chairman may require every speaker to keep to the point, to avoid repetition and digression. Should the Chairman rise while a member is speaking, the latter must stop and take his seat if asked so.
Lately a new practice has been widely introduced for scientific gatherings with numerous participants: the papers are divided between sections and generalized by a principal Speaker for each section with the discussion following afterwards.
5. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the Chairman's duties at the Conference?
2. What do you do if you want to take the floor?
3. What should the speaker do if the Chairman rises while he is speaking?
4. How should a lady be addressed if she is the Chairman?
5. What kind of a new procedure has been introduced lately for scientific gatherings with numerous participants?
6. What does the success of the meeting depend on?
6. Read, translate and retell the text:
The art of public speaking
What is a good style of speaking? It's the right word in the right place. Speakers may certainly choose any style to address the audience, but it is usual for English-speaking people to begin in moderate tone, pronouncing every word slowly and distinctly to attract attention.
Experienced speakers use many little stories, humorous comparisons and proverbs to make their listeners “see the point clearly”. As good as speaking is an art with two aspects – technical and intellectual – we must mention that this technique is masters in Britain since school time. Students of Britain and American colleges are specially trained for public speaking. They are members of debating clubs and club meetings. Students’ debating teams participate in intercollege debating contests. It is highly advisable to exercise one’s speech beforehand, to avoid embarrassment and confusion. For no amount of enthusiasm or knowledge can make up (compensate) for lack of speaking technique.
7. Agree or disagree with the statements. Work in pairs, use the following replies:
As a matter of fact; What really matters is…; On the one hand; On the other hand; In the first place; In this connection it’s necessary to say that …; I’d like to add that …; I suppose/believe; As far as I know…
1. All good speakers have their own style and manner of addressing the audience. 2. To attract the attention of the audience one should always begin in a very loud voice. 3. Experienced speakers begin their speech in a well-modulated voice, pronouncing every word clearly and distinctly. 4. Public speaker is an art which should be mastered and practiced since school time. 5. It’s highly advisable to exercise your speech beforehand using a tape-recorder. 6. Very few speakers can speak from memory, without consulting their notes. 7. Enthusiasm and good knowledge of the subject can make up for lack of speaking technique. 8. The personality of a speaker is of great importance for the success of the speech he is making. 9. The art of speaking is an inborn talent and can’t be taught or acquired with practice.
8. Tell about experienced speaker you’ve happened to hear at some public (scientific) gathering.
9. Read, translate and remember the following rules. Give your own advises for public speaker:
1. Plan your speech carefully. Think about what you want to achieve: to inform, persuade, train or entertain your audience.
2. Decide which are most relevant, appropriate to your audience and to your objectives. Carry out any research that is necessary.
3. Try to develop your key points in an interesting and varied way, drawing on relevant examples, figures.
4. If you have a lot of complex information to explain, think about using some charts, diagrams, graphs.
5. Try not to speak too fast during the first couple of minutes – this is the time you establish your rapport with the audience and first impressions are very important.
6. Try to be enthusiastic – your interest in the subject matter will carry your audience along.
7. Use short words and sentences that you are comfortable with. There is no benefit in using difficult language.
Unit 6. 
Ecological problems. Environmental protection.
Topical vocabulary
nature protection защита природы
destruction/pollution of environment разрушение/загрязнение
окружающей среды
natural riches природные богатства
human interference вмешательство человека
to increase возрастать
by-products побочные продукты
waste of enterprises отбросы производства
предприятий
power-station электростанция
to contaminate/pollute загрязнять
to poison отравлять, заражать
to cause damage причинять вред
to dry up высыхать
disaster несчастье
damage вред
concern забота
security безопасность
to protect nature охранять природу
to take measures принимать меры
to take care (of) заботиться
acid rain кислотный дождь
to forecast прогнозировать
to breathe harmful substances дышать вредными веществами
environmental pollution загрязнение окружающей среды
research centre научно-исследовательский центр
careless interaction небрежное взаимодействие
upset oxygen balance нарушать кислородный балансе
upset nature’s equilibrium нарушать природное равновесие
prevent nuclear explosion предотвращать ядерный взрыв
save rare animals/plants спасать редких животных/
растения
consequence of earthquake последствие землетрясения
to ignore natural laws игнорировать законы природы
discharge of dust and gas выброс пыли и газа
poisoning of the soil, water, air отравление почвы, воды, воздуха
face extinction на грани вымирания
healthy biological habitat здоровая среда обитания
to reach a critical level достигнуть критического уровня
1. Read and translate the text:
Pollution of environment
For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment. Nature has served Man, it seemed that natural reaches were unlimited. In the 20-th century with the rapid growth of science and technology human achievements in conquering nature became so great that man’s activities began to produce an increasingly negative effect on the biosphere.
Large cities with thousand of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the environment. We have upset nature sensitive equilibrium discharging harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste, contaminating the countryside with rubbish.
Every year world industry contaminates the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burnt in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever. According to the International Union for the Protection of Nature 76 species of animals have disappeared from the planet in the last 60 years. 132 mammal and 26 bird species face extinction nowadays.
It is generally agreed that the destruction of tropical forest has a major impact on the world climate. There are many consequences of damaging the environment: acid rain, water shortage resulting from abuse of arable lands in agriculture, damage to water and soils, damage to wildlife. The destruction of nature gradually led to the loss of the most essential elements of existence - a healthy biological habitat. Environmental pollution increases the cases of disease, raises the cost of medical services and reduces the life-span of a man.
People’s consumer attitude to the environment breaks natural balance. The pollution of air and world’s ocean, destruction the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crises. If we want our children to live in same world we live in, or in a healthier world, we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution.
2. Retell the text using the following plan:
1) Why did the negative effect on the biosphere increase in the 20-th century?
2) How does nature suffer from pollution?
Harmful substances pollute
air rivers, oceans countryside
(smog) (industrial waste) (rubbish)
3) What is the result of upsetting the oxygen balance?
Forests disappear the oxygen balance is set up species of animals,
birds, fish and plants disappear forever.
4) What are the consequences of pollution the environment?
-acid rains
-water shortage
-abuse of arable lands
-damage to water, soil, wildlife
5) How is the life of people affected?
-the cases of disease increase
-the cost of medical services rises
-the life-span of a man reduced
3. Read and translate the text. Make the plan and retell the text using it.
Nature protection
By now the pollution and poisoning of soil, water and air has reached a critical level. The discharge of dust and gas into the atmosphere returns to the Earth in the form of acid rain and affects crop, the quality of forests, the amount of fish. To this we can add the rise of chemical, radioactivity, noise and other types of pollution.
We all have a responsibility to take care of nature, but perhaps those who are in a position to do more about it: governments and factory managers and car-manufactures, chemical companies. They are obliged to remove factories and plants from cities, use modern technologies, redesign and modify purifying systems for cleaning and trapping harmful substances.
Environmental protection is a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken. Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO – have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss questions of ecologically poor regions. The international Organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
It is important that everyone is aware of the problems of pollution, that we continue to find alternatives to the products that harm the environment, use clean energy, such as wind, solar and wave power, which do not emit greenhouse gases. Every individual should do what he can to safe nature because we have to protect it for the sake of the future generations and the world.
4. Complete the sentences using the following words:
Environment; natural balance; harmful substances; the cases of disease; ecological security; to protect; a healthy biological habitat; medical services; the destruction; life-span; pollution and poisoning; the atmosphere.
1) Environmental pollution increases….. , raises the cost of…. and reduces the…. of a man.
2)By now …. of soil, water and air has reached a critical level.
3) We have upset nature sensitive equilibrium discharging …. into the air.
4) The destruction of nature gradually led to the loss of the most essential elements of existence - …. .
5) For thousands of years people lived in harmony with …. .
6) …. of tropical forest has a major impact on the world climate.
7) People should learn …. the nature.
8) People’s consumer attitude to the environment breaks …. .
9) Every year world industry contaminates …. with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances.
10) Serious measures to create a system of …. should be taken.
5. Match English and Russian equivalents:
| 1. взаимодействие с природой 2. загрязнять окружающую среду 3. спасать редких животных 4. источник загрязнения 5. ядерный взрыв 6. прогнозировать последствия 7. нарушать кислородный баланс 8. кислотные дожди 9. дышать вредными веществами | a. to upset the oxygen balance b. to breathe harmful substances c. to save rare animals d. interaction with nature e. to forecast consequences f. to pollute the environment g. source of pollution h. nuclear explosion i. acid rains |