Exercise 4. Chilli’s friend Della was on holiday in Jamaica. Read her letter to Chilli and complete it with the correct verbs.
* invited * stopped * talked * stayed * travelled * enjoyed * didn’t sleep * didn’t get * watched * was * listened
Dear Chilli,
I had a fantastic holiday in Jamaica. It was hot and the sea was blue and lovely.I ……………… by plane from London to Kingston. I really ……………….. the flight. It was eight hours long but I …………………..at all because I …………………. so excited. During the flight I ………………….. to music, ………………….. a film and ………………. to the girl in the seat next to me.
I …………………… with my aunt and uncle in Kingston. They …………………. me on a trip to Montego Bay. We …………………. at an Orchid Farm. It was brilliant. On my last night there I …………………… to bed until there o’clock in the morning!
See you soon!
Love,
Della.
Answer the questions:
5. Did she go to Jamaica?
6. How did she go to Kingston?
7. How was the weather?
8. What did she do on the plane?
9. Did she visit her grandparents?
10. Did she like the Orchid Farm?
11. When did she go to bed on her last night?
12. Where is Jamaica?
13. What do the tourists do in Jamaica?
Exercise 5. Complete these sentences in the PAST TENSE, using the correct verb:
* play * enjoy * watch * listen * talk * phone * stop * walk * travel * like * stay
I watched the late film on TV last night.
1. We really ………………….. the concert last night. It was great!
2. She ………………… with friends in Brighton last summer.
3. Italy ………………… very well in the last World Cup.
4. Her parents ………………….. by train from Shanghai to Moscow.
5. I ………………….. you four times last night but you were out.
6. We …………………. along the beach yesterday. It was lovely.
7. She …………………. the film but she didn’t like the music.
8. The men ………………….. work at exactly one o’clock.
9. I ……………………. to the new Sting album yesterday. It’s great.
10. They ………………… to us about their trip to Madagaskar. It was very interesting.
Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with the PAST SIMPLE form of the verbs in brackets:
Last night I ……………… (go) to my favorite restaurant in West Street. I …………….. (leave) the restaurant at about 11 o’clock. It …………….. (be) a warm evening and I ……………….. (decide) to walk along the beach.
Suddenly, I ………………… (hear) a noise. I ……………….. (turn) and ……………… (see) three boys aged about eighteen. One boy ……………… (come) up to me and ……………….. (ask) me the time. When I ………………. (look) down at my watch, he ……………… (hit) me and I ……………… (fall) to the ground. Another boy ………………. (take) my wallet. I ……………….. (shout) for help. Then they ………………(run) away.
Exercise 7. Make negative sentences (x) or questions (?) using the PAST TENSE:
Example: he / stay (x) in a hotel
He didn’t stay in a hotel.
you / learn (?) speak Italian when you were in Italy.
Did you learn to speak Italian when you were in Italy?
1. she / like (x) the film
2. I / use / (x) the school computer yesterday
3. they / arrive (?) home late yesterday
4. you / ask (?) her for Caroline’s address
5. he / enjoy (x) the concert in the park
6. we / talk (x) about school at all
Exercise 8. Read the text. Write the questions below about Tamsin’s holiday:
Last September Tamsin went to Bali. She went by plane and stayed in a big hotel. It was very hot, so she swam every day. In the evenings she went to different restaurants, the food was very good. She met some nice people and every night she danced with them at the disco. She was happy because she wasn’t alone.
1. Where did she go? ………………………………………………. Bali.
2. …………………………………………………………………… Last September.
3. …………………………………………………………………… By plane.
4. …………………………………………………………………… In a big hotel.
5. …………………………………………………………………… It was very hot.
6. …………………………………………………………………… She swam.
7. …………………………………………………………………… It was very good.
8. …………………………………………………………………… Some nice people.
Unit 4. Printed Media
Vocabulary
Exercise 1. Make sure that you remember the following words and expressions.
broadcast journalism – теле- и радиожурналистика
For many students of journalism, the main ambition is to become a star of broadcast journalism.
print journalism –печатная журналистика
Although due to the advent of digital media print journalism has declined in many countries, in Great Britain it still plays a major role.
online journalism – Интернет- журналистика
Young people prefer online journalism, as it is the fastest and most efficient medium nowadays.
citizen journalism – гражданская (общественная) журналистика
Citizen journalism is a new expression describing the kind of journalism based on images, audio and reports sent in to news groups by ordinary members of the public who witnessed events.
independent media – независимые СМИ
Many foreigners think that in Russia independent media don’t exist, and all publishing groups and broadcasting companies are controlled by the government.
broadsheets – широкоформатные газеты
Broadsheets are newspapers (traditionally larger in size) which generally contain serious reports and analyses of news.
tabloids – таблоиды
The term tabloids denotes newspapers (usually smaller than broadsheets) which contain lighter stories and focus more on entertainment and gossip.
24 hour news channels – круглосуточные новостные станции
Nowadays it is possible to stay tuned in to 24 hour news channel, wherever you are.
rolling news – новостная лента
The newsroom staff work with the rolling news selecting the best stories for printed paper.
journalism/journalistic – журналистский
Journalistic code of ethical behavior can be different for reporters working in broadsheets and tabloids.
to cover a story – осветить событие
General assignment reporter can be asked to cover different types of stories with subjects ranging from social issues to celebrities’ life.
in-depth coverage of – глубокий анализ
It is well-known that broadsheets provide more in-depth coverage of world events than tabloids.
to verify – проверять, верифицировать
A good reporter will never risk publishing a story without verifying all the facts; otherwise he can ruin his own reputation and the credibility of his medium.
eyewitness reports – рассказы очевидцев
Eyewitness reports are often used in the coverage of natural catastrophes or criminal scenes.
breaking news – горячие новости
Ask the staff of almost any newsroom when they are at their best, and you’ll usually hear: When news is breaking.
a publication – периодическое издание; публикация
There are many types of publications in Great Britain: dailies, weeklies, monthlies, and quarterlies.
headline/byline/dateline – заголовок/ имя автора статьи/ строка даты
The terms headline, byline and dateline are used in print journalism to identify the caption, name of journalist and date of origin.
editorial – редакторская передовица
Editorials are written on behalf of people representing the official position of the medium’s editorial board and owners or their views and attitudes on particular occasions.
news agency – новостное агентство
All media use the services of news agencies in order to get reliable and timely news and information.
publisher – издательство
Some of the British publishers were founded over one hundred years ago.
circulation – тираж; распространение
The word circulation is used to say how many copies of a newspaper are sold each day or each week.
advertising revenue – доход от рекламы
For many mass media advertising revenue has remained the principal source of income during all their history.
rhetoric/rhetorical – риторика; тон и язык применительно к определенной теме или определенному СМИ
After the last elections, most newspapers’ rhetoric regarding the personality of the new President has changed.
bias/biased – предвзятое отношение; предубежденный
In sports media, there is much bias regarding Russian athletes due to the rumors of drug-taking.
objective/objectivity – объективный, объективность
The audience always values media capable of objective news coverage.
slant/slanted – уклон; предвзятый, пристрастный
The reporter’s rhetoric is a very clear indicator of the slant characteristic of this publication.
column – колонка
Columnist is a reporter responsible for the content of his own column in a printed paper.
Exercise 2. Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Make up your own sentences with these words.
| A | B |
| Editorial | programs and information on television or radio |
| Rolling news | stations which provide news all day and night |
| Circulation | to check that something is correct |
| Slant (bias) | media groups which are not controlled by the government |
| Publication | news which is just coming in periodical |
| News agency | the person or company that owns and published text |
| Rhetoric | organization selling news to many publications e.g. UP, AP, Agence-France Presse, BBC Wire Services, Reuters |
| Publisher | unbiased; not influenced by personal or institutional feelings in considering and representing facts |
| Broadcast journalism | a careful analysis of facts |
| Eye-witness reports | the "art" or "practice" of using language to persuade or lobby |
| To verify | an article written by or on behalf of the editor of a publication and conveying the opinion of the editor or of the publishing institution |
| Independent media | favoring one or another side in argument |
| Objective | descriptions of what happened by people who actually saw an event take place |
| In-depth coverage | non-stop news |
| Breaking news | print run |
| 24 hour news channel | a paper that comes out periodically |
Exercise 3. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B to make up word combinations. Use them in your own sentences.
| A | B |
| Breaking | coverage |
| Independent | information |
| Monthly | revenue |
| In-depth | channel |
| Eye-witness | publication |
| To verify | a story |
| Advertising | journalism |
| News | medium |
| Broadcast | media |
| To cover | editorials |
| Citizen | news |
| 24 hour | paper |
| Government-controlled | agency |
| Unbiased | coverage |
| To right | report |
| Printed | facts |
Reading 1
The Press in Great Britain
Britain's first newspapers appeared over 300 years ago. Now, as then, newspapers receive no government subsidy, unlike in many other European countries today. Advertising has always been a vital source of income. As long ago as 1660, King Charles II advertised for his lost dog. Today, income from advertising is as crucial as income from sales.
Nevertheless, there are approximately daily and Sunday papers, 1,800 weekly papers and over 7,000 periodical publications. More newspapers, proportionately, are sold in Britain than almost any other country. On average, two out of three persons over the age of fifteen read a national morning newspaper. Three out of four read a Sunday paper. National newspapers have a circulation of about 13.6 million on weekdays and 16.4 million on Sundays, but the readership is twice this figure.
Ownership of the press is in the hands of a few large press publishing groups. The most significant of these are News International, owned by the Australian-born press tycoon Rupert Murdoch, and the Mirror Group Newspapers, owned by the family of the late Robert Maxwell. The national newspapers, both on week-days and on Sundays, fall into two broad categories: the 'popular' and 'quality' press. All the popular papers, with the exception of the Sunday Express, are 'tabloid' in format. The tabloids are essentially mass entertainment. They are smaller format than other papers, and are distinguished by large illustrations, bold captions and a sensational prose style.
The tabloids' news content is minimal and their emphasis is on gossip, emotion and scandal. By contrast quality newspapers, known as 'broadsheets' on account of their larger, rather cumbersome format, emphasize news coverage, political and economic analysis and social and cultural issues.
Almost every newspaper left its historic home in Fleet Street, the center of the British press for over a century. Some went to new sites in the London Docklands redevelopment, while others moved elsewhere.
Finally, there are over 900 free newspapers, popularly known as 'freebies', almost all of them weekly and financed entirely by advertising. They achieve a weekly circulation of over 40 million. They function as local noticeboards, where local events are advertised, and anyone can advertise in the 'for sale' or 'wanted' columns.
Among Britain's best-selling periodicals, the favorites are the Radio Times and the TV Times, which provide detailed information concerning forthcoming programs on BBC and independent television. Their popularity is evidence of the dominant place of television in national life. Second to them in popularity are the women's magazines, Woman's Weekly, Woman's Own, Woman, Woman's Realm. The leading opinion journals are The Economist, a political and economic weekly; New Statesman and Society, a political and social weekly; the Spectator, a political weekly, and Private Eye, a satirical fortnightly with a reputation for devastating attacks on leading personalities.
With almost 900 correspondents in over 80 countries, no newspaper anywhere can compete with Britain's formidable news agency, Reuters. Across the world its name has become an assurance of objectivity, accuracy and reliability. Its reports are filed in French, German, Japanese, Arabic and Spanish, as well as English. It is read in the Kremlin, the White House and the Chancellery in Bonn.
Exercise 1. Answer the questions:
1. When did the first British newspapers appear?
2. Why is advertising very important for newspapers’ income?
3. Where do newspapers get most of their money?
4. How many different kinds of publications come out in Britain?
5. What are the characteristics of the quality papers?
6. What are tabloids ?
7. What is the difference between broadsheets and tabloids?
8. What is Fleet Street in London famous for?
9. What is the difference between leading opinion and best-selling periodicals?
10. What kind of rhetoric does Private Eye use?
11. Where do newspapers get their information from?
12. How often do fortnightlies come out?
13. Why does Reuters have such a good reputation in the news industry?
Exercise 2. Mark the statements as T (true) or F (false). If false, correct the sentence.
1. English people are not so interested in reading newspapers as other Europeans.
2. Tabloids are bigger than standard format newspapers.
3. Daily newspapers only print international news.
4. Sunday newspapers have more topics than weekday editions.
5. Weekly papers have smaller print runs than dailies.
6. The sports section is often at the back of a newspaper.
7. Breaking news appear in all newspapers.
8. Large newspapers have correspondents in many foreign countries.
9. Reporters very often write stories based on eye-witness reports of an event.
10. Newspapers get all their information from news agencies.
11. Advertisements pay for most of newspapers costs.
Exercise 3. Put the phrases in columns A or B.
| A Broadsheets | B Tabloids |
| 1. big coloured pictures | 6. photos mostly of people |
| 2. big eye-catching headlines | 7. scandals about celebrities |
| 3. foreign news on the front page | 8. tries to arouse emotions |
| 4.important events | 9. tries to inform |
| 5. long articles | 10.few coloured pictures |
Exercise 4. Find in the text words or phrases synonymous to the following:
1. money granted, by a government or society, to an industry or other cause needing help;
2. public announcement in the press TV, etc.
3. money received during a given period as salary, receipts from trade, interest from investments, etc.;
4. printed publication, usually issued every day with news, advertisements, etc.;
5. a small size newspaper with many pictures, strip cartoons, etc. and with its news presented in simplified form;
6. number of copies of a newspaper or other periodical sold to the public;
7. paper-covered (usually weekly or monthly, and illustrated) periodical, with stories, articles, etc. by various writers;
8. magazine or other publication which appears at regular intervals (monthly, quarterly, etc.);
9. person regularly contributing local news or special articles to a newspaper;
10. short title or heading of an article in a periodical, etc.;
11. showing no fear.
Reading 2 The Guardian
The Guardian is famous as Britain's only newspaper which has risen from the rank of a small provincial Manchester weekly to become one of the country's top quality national dailies. Its gradual rise to such prominence stems from appeal to young intellectuals, balanced and fair reporting, good international coverage and relative financial security. But perhaps the paper's chief strength is its constant emphasis on social reform and progressive liberal thought.
Its priority is the people who govern the country and the way the country is governed. But, as its coverage demonstrates, its interests are numerous - economics, finance, industry, business, sports, science, current history, contemporary literature and art. The paper is trying to reach the audience with an intelligent, free-thinking, international outlook. Daily circulation is about 280,000, of which 75% percent are subscriptions. According to statistics, the Guardian readers are younger, better off and better educated than the general population.
Surveys indicate that readers value the Guardian most for its lack of bias. Without a doubt, the paper, along with the Times, is a national institution in Britain, reporting all sides of life widely. The Guardian's small format Guardian Weekly is also read in intellectual circles, even in other countries. Several features contribute to the Guardian's bright, attractive, smart appearance. A small cartoon, small pictures of personalities and a small ad or two usually appear on the front page. One outstanding characteristic is the clear organization of the paper into sections, such as "Overseas News", "Home News", "Arts Guardian", "Financial Guardian", "Small Business Guardian", "Guardian Women", and "Sports Guardian". Virtually every publication contains feature or special report pages. Two editorial pages are given to editorial comment and feedback.
No local news is printed unless it is of national interest; local news is left to the provincial dailies. But, domestically, the paper does keep offices in Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh and Glasgow. In addition, local correspondents or stringers are located in every major town and city of Britain. Throughout its 150-years-plus history, the Guardian's journalistic quality has been the industry standard. It has made the Guardian one of the world's truly great newspapers.
Exercise 1. Answer the questions:
1.Why is the Guardian considered to be a unique British newspaper?
2. Why does the newspaper appeal to young intellectuals?
3. What kind of people are the Guardian's priority?
4. What are the interests of the newspaper?
5. What do readership surveys indicate?
6. What are the features contributing to the Guardian's appearance?
7. What sections does the newspaper contain?
8. In what towns does the newspaper keep offices in Britain?
9. How can you describe the newspaper and its readers, using the following adjectives?
Intelligent, provincial, significant, free-thinking, successful, cultural, international, thoughtful, sensitive, smart, intellectual, local, intensive, thick-skinned, mental, adventurous, liberal, outstanding, analytical, imaginative, prudent, bright, social, fair, good, better-off, strong, consistent, younger, social, graduate.
10. What materials should a newspaper publish to attract adventurous readers?
11. Why do you think the Guardian appeals to intellectual readers?
12.What newspapers and magazines usually appeal to intellectuals?
Exercise 2. Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Make up your own sentences with these words.
| A | B |
| Periodical | Special meaning or importance |
| Column | For-profit announcement, advertisement |
| Intellectual circles | Advantage |
| Appearance | A magazine or other publication that appears at regular intervals |
| Ad | Payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper, magazine, etc. |
| Special report | External look |
| Stringer | Vertical division of a printed page |
| Strength | Elite made up by smart and well-educated people |
| Emphasis | Story provided by special correspondent |
| Subscription | External staff member |
Activities