Study the examples and choose the correct translation.
| could | мог бы |
| may; might | возможно |
| must | должно быть |
| should | следует |
| shouldn't have | не следовало бы |
| can't (couldn't) have | не может быть |
a) Reference to the present.
· The criminalist may (might) return soon.
Криминалист, возможно скоро вернется.
· He is so tired that he could sleep for a week.
Он так устал, что мог бы проспать неделю.
· They must be searching the crime scene now.
Должно быть, они осматривают место преступления сейчас.
b) Reference to the past.
· The criminal may (might) have escaped through the window.
Преступник, возможно, сбежал через окно.
· The mugger must have been armed.
Грабитель, должно быть, был вооружен.
· He can't have robbed the office.
Не может быть, чтобы он ограбил офис.
· You could (should) have called the police at once. You shouldn't have waited till morning.
Вы могли бы (Вам следовало бы) позвонить в полицию сразу. Вам не следовало (бы) ждать до утра.
· Can the smuggler have shot a policeman?
Неужели контрабандист застрелил полицейского?
| didn't need | не нужно было (действие не совершилось) |
| needn't have done | не нужно было (но действие совершилось) |
· They didn't need to take the driver to hospital as he was not injured in the accident.
Им не нужно было отвозить водителя в больницу, так как он не пострадал во время аварии.
· You needn't have brought the papers, you could have mailed them.
Не нужно было (не было необходимости) привозить документы, вы могли бы отправить их по почте.
1. Their neighbors can't have seen a burglar, they were not at home then.
a) Их соседи не могли видеть вора, их не было дома тогда.
b) Их соседи не могут видеть вора, их нет дома.
2. They didn't need to ask the policeman how to get to the city centre because they knew the route very well.
a) Им не нужно было спрашивать у полицейского как доехать до центра города, т.к. они знали дорогу очень хорошо.
b) Им не нужно спрашивать дорогу у полицейского, я знаю ее очень хорошо.
3. They must have reported the crime to the police immediately.
a) Должно быть, они сразу же сообщили о преступлении в полицию.
b) Им сразу же нужно сообщить о преступлении в полицию.
4. There was a call about a bank robbery. The police must have already left.
a) Несколько минут тому назад было сообщение об ограблении банка. Полиция должна выехать.
b) Несколько минут тому назад было сообщение об ограблении банка. Полиция, должно быть, уже выехала.
5. The trial may (might) start in June.
a) Суд, должно быть, начнется в июне.
b) Суд, возможно, начнется в июне.
6. Can he have committed a crime?
a) Может он совершить преступление?
b) Неужели он совершил преступление?
7. Some fingerprints might (could) have been left on the glass.
a) На стакане могут остаться отпечатки пальцев.
b) Возможно, на стакане остались отпечатки пальцев.
8. I think the policeman was too rude. He shouldn't have spoken to the witness in such a way.
a) Думаю, что полицейский был слишком груб. Ему не следовало так разговаривать со свидетелем.
b) Думаю, что полицейский очень груб. Ему не нужно так разговаривать со свидетелем.
9. He must be interviewing witnesses now.
a) Он должен опросить свидетелей сейчас.
b) Должно быть, он опрашивает свидетелей сейчас.
10. The case must have been transported to another court.
a) Должно быть, дело передано в другой суд.
b) Дело должно быть передано в другой суд.
11. The judge didn't need to go to court yesterday. He had a day off.
a) Судье не следовало бы идти в суд вчера, у него был выходной.
b) Судье не нужно было идти в суд вчера, у него был выходной.
12. Can the criminal have left the town?
a) Может преступник покинуть город?
b) Неужели преступник покинул город?
Translate the sentences.
- The investigator must be waiting for witnesses.
- They needn't interview all the witnesses now, some of them may be interviewed tomorrow.
- You needn't have come so early, the officer you are going to talk to is to come in an hour.
- The situation was bad but it could have been worse as they had to deal with a very dangerous criminal.
- The security of the office didn't do anything to prevent the crime though they should have done it
- A burglar might have broken into the house through the window.
- The suspect couldn't have committed a crime as he was in prison then.
- You needn't have told the suspect about it.
- Police believe that the child must have been kidnapped.
- The victim's neighbours might have seen a burglar.
- It's the taxi-driver's fault that they had an accident. He shouldn't have driven so fast.
- The suspect's confession could have been sufficient to prove his guilt, but the investigator decided to continue investigation.
- He shouldn't have interviewed the child when other witnesses were in the room.
- Police must have done everything to catch and punish the criminal.
- As the investigation shows, the fire might not have been an accident.
UNIT 20
INTERPOL
Grammar: Revision
INTERPOL
Interpol is an international police organization whose task is to hunt down and arrest international criminals.
Interpol originated in 1923 as the International Criminal Police Commission with its own statutes and official headquarters in Vienna.
The commission operated satisfactorily until the outbreak of the Second World War when it ceased to exist.
In 1946, commission was revived, new statutes were adopted and the headquarters was moved to Paris. In 1956 the Commission became the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol.
Interpol's headquarters is situated in Saint Cloud outside Paris and has a membership of 177 states.
Interpol is divided into 4 main bodies – the general assembly, the executive committee, the general secretariat and the general central Bureau.
The national central Bureaus are the Interpol offices in various countries.
The Interpol's aims are summarized in Article 2 of its Constitution as follows:
- To ensure and promote widest mutual assistance between all criminal police authorities.
- To establish and develop all institutions contributing to prevention and suppression of ordinary law crimes.
The Constitution states in Article 3 that "it is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake any intervention or activities of political, military or racial character".
Interpol's priorities:
- Cooperation in combating international crime.
- Terrorism.
- White-collar crime.
- Stolen works of arts.
- Unlawful interference with international aviation.
- Criminal engagement in financial operations.
- Currency counterfeiting.
- Illicit drug trafficking.
- Children and human trafficking.
- Information technology crime.
International police cooperation depends on coordinated action on the part of the member, states police forces, all of which may supply or request information or services on different occasions.
Vocabulary
| art n works of ~ | искусство произведения искусства |
| body n | орган |
| cease v | прекращать(ся) |
| cooperation n | сотрудничество |
| counterfeiting n | фальшивомонетничество |
| engagement n | занятие |
| ensure v | обеспечивать, гарантировать |
| equality n | равенство |
| flexibility n | гибкость |
| forbid v | запрещать |
| headquarters n | штаб (квартира) |
| hunt (down) v | поймать, преследовать |
| intervention n | вмешательство |
| membership n | членство |
| mutual a | взаимный |
| outbreak n | (внезапное) начало |
| promote v | способствовать |
| provision n | положение, условие (договора и т.п.) |
| request v | запрашивать |
| revive v | возрождать |
| supply v | снабжать |
| undertake v | предпринимать |
Exercises