II. Read the text once again and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Law is the rules that citizens must obey.
2. There is a unique type of law.
3. Common Law is a written law.
4. Roman Law and Civil Law are different types of law.
5. Roman Law is a modern legal system.
6. Civil Law is codified.
7. Canon Law is Martial Law.

III. Match each word or phrase in column A with a meaning in column B.

A B

1. law	a) the body of law based on judicial decisions and custom
2. rule	b) an authoritative regulation or direction
3. citizen	c) the system of jurisprudence of ancient Rome, codified, and forms the basis of many modern legal systems
4. obey	d) to carry out instructions or orders
5. Common Law	e) an inhabitant of a city or town
6. Roman Law	f) the rule of law established and maintained by the military in the absence of civil law
7. Canon Law	g) the science or philosophy of law
8. Martial Law	h) any system of law based on the Roman system
9. jurisprudence	i) the law governing the affairs of a Christian Church
10. Civil Law	j) a rule or set of rules

The Russian Sestem of Law

1. Constitutional Law - конституционное право, государственное право
2. Administrative Law - административное право
3. Criminal Law - уголовное право
4. International Law - международное право
5. Financial Law – финансовое право
6. Employment Law – трудовое законодательство
7. leading - ведущий, главный
8. principal - главный, основной, ведущий
9. source - источник, ключ
10. state system - государственная система
11. state power – государственная власть
12. legal [΄li:gəl] - правовой, юридический; законный; легальный
13. legal status - правовой статус; правовое положение, правовой режим
14. legal form - юридическая форма
15. executive [ig΄zekjutiv] - исполнительный, принадлежащий к структурам исполнительной власти
16. activity - деятельность; мероприятие
17. define – определять
18. criminal responsibility - уголовная ответственность
19. individual type of crime – правонарушение, совершенное физическим лицом
20. punishment – наказание
21. apply to - использовать, применять
22. criminal - преступный; криминальный, уголовный; злоумышленник, правонарушитель, преступник
23. criminal code - уголовный кодекс
24. budget [΄badзit] - бюджет; финансовая смета
25. taxation [tæk΄seiζin] - обложение налогом; налогообложение; взимание налога
26. state credit - государственный кредит

The system of law in Russia consists of different categories of law.

They are Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law, International Law, Financial Law, Civil Law, Employment Law, and others.

Constitutional Law is a leading category of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country's Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.

Administrative Law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of a government and ministries.

Criminal Law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. Criminal law takes the form of a criminal code.

International Law regulates relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.

Financial Law regulates the budget, taxation, state credit and other spheres of financial activity.

Civil Law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right in property is the central institution of civil law.

Employment Law includes the legislation on the employment of industrial and office workers. It regulates matters arising from employment relations.

1. Scan the text in order to match these words and phrases with their definitions below.

civil law, criminal law, administrative law, law, financial law, the rules of employment law, constitutional law.

a) ……... is a system of rules established by the state.

b) ……... is a leading category of the whole system of law.

c) ……... deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of government and ministries.

d) ….….. regulates the budget, taxation, state credit, …..

e) ……... is connected with relations involving property...

f) …….. include the legislation on the labour of industrial and office workers...

g) ……. defines the general principles of criminal responsibility. . .

2. Read the text in detail to find the answers to the 10 "What"-questions below.

1. What is law?

2. What is the main aim of law?

3. What categories of law does the system of law in Russia consist of?

4. What is the principle source of constitutional law?

5. What category of law is closely connected with constitutional law?

6. What is the central institution of civil law?

7. What does criminal law define?

8. What form does criminal law take?

9. What is civil law connected with?

10. What rules does employment law include?

3. Word study. Find adjectives in the text related to these nouns:

constitution legislation

crime economy

finance industry

4. Find nouns in the text related to these verbs:

to relate to found

to organize to distribute

to institute

5. Match these words & phrases with their Russian equivalents.

a) to establish a system	1 рабочие ( служащие)
b) acategory ( of law)	2 принимать вид кодекса
c) the principle source of law	3 применять наказание
d) to deal with	4 основной источник права
e) the right in property	5 отрасль(права)
f) rule of law	6 право на имущество
g) industrial (office) workers	7 иметь дело с, заниматься
h) to arise from	8 основная(специальная) часть
i) individual types of crimes	9 устанавливать систему
j) to apply punishment	10 возникать из
k) to take the form of a code	11 индивидуальные виды преступлений
1) a general (special) part	12 норма права