Match the words or word-combinations to their explanations.
| 1. advocate | a) an individual, company, or other entity which has legal rights and is subject to obligations |
| 2. legal person | b) a person, usually a lawyer, who has legal authority to witness the signing of documents in order to make them legally valid. |
| 3. notary | c) a lawyer who speaks in favour of someone or defends them in a court of law. |
| 4. police | d) the official organization that is responsible for making sure that people obey the law |
| 5. the Bar | e) someone who carries out investigations, especially as part of their job |
| 6. investigator | f) lawyers collectively |
| 7. judge | g) a lawyer or official who brings charges against someone or tries to prove in a trial that they are guilty |
| 8. prosecutor | h) a public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court |
Exercise 4
a) Make the word combinations and translate them. Use a good dictionary.
| 1. law | a) social relations |
| 2. prosecutor’s | b) the observance of the law |
| 3. legal | c) person |
| 4. in-house | d) notary actions |
| 5. to supervise | e) lawyer |
| 6. to regulate | f) assistant |
| 7. to perform | g) legal proceedings |
| 8. to conduct | h) enforcement |
b) Make 4 sentences with the word-combinations from a).
Exercise 5
a) Match the English word combinations to their Russian equivalents.
| 1. to act for the client in court | a. раскрыть преступление |
| 2. to check the legality | b. представлять клиента в суде |
| 3. to commit a crime | c. проверять законность |
| 4. to conduct legal proceedings | a. совершать преступление |
| 5. to draft contracts | e. составлять проект договора |
| 6. to investigate crimes | f. расследовать преступления |
| 7. to solve crimes | g. вести судебное разбирательство |
| 8. to perform duties | h. выполнять обязанности |
| 9. to preside in the courtroom | i. предотвращать преступления |
| 10. to prevent crimes | j. урегулировать спор |
| 11. to settle а dispute | k. председательствовать в суде |
b) Use 5 word combinations from the box and make 5 sentences to describe the work of lawyers in Russia. Remember to use proper grammar form of the words.
e.g. to commit a crime + to solve crimes = Investigators never commit crimes, solve them.
Exercise 6
Grammar focus 7. Modal verbs. Revision.
Complete the sentences with the suitable modals:
can, may, must, should, needn't.
1. You …… go to the notary office and file the documents. I’ll do everything myself.
2. I think you ……. listen to your advocate. He knows what he says.
3. ….. I enter the courtroom when the hearing has already begun?
4. I am your lawyer. I want to know what happened. You …… tell me.
5. This witness doesn’t know English. He ….. speak only Spanish. We need an interpreter for him.
Text 1
Pre-reading task: Skim the text and divide it into the logical parts. Entitle them.
The Legal Careers in Russia
Many people consider the profession of a lawyer to be one of the most popular professions in our country.
Training lawyers is the task of different higher schools and the Ural State Law Academy is one of them.
Graduates from higher legal schools are said to have a lot of options where to apply their knowledge. The choice is very wide. Lawyers with the same qualification and professional title may be doing very different kinds of work. The working conditions and pay among members of the legal profession also vary greatly.
Our graduates can work at the Bar, in the organs of the Prosecutor’s Office, in different courts, in notary offices, legal advice offices, in organs of police as well as in different companies, banks, and enterprises. They can work as advocates, judges, notaries, investigators, prosecutors, in-house lawyers, customs officers, and other workers of law enforcement agencies.
Some lawyers may work as judges. Judges preside in the courtroom, conduct legal proceedings, resolve disputes and pass judgments.
As an advocate, a lawyer acts for the client in court and out of court. The advocate’s work can include defending those accused of committing a crime.
A lawyer can work at the Prosecutor’s Office as a prosecutor or a prosecutor’s assistant. He / she should supervise the correct application and observance of the law.
He / she can also be a notary at the notary office and should be able to perform notary actions such as checking the legality of all the documents before notarizing them.
A lawyer can be appointed as an arbitrator at the Commercial court. He / she should be able to settle disputes between legal persons.
Nowadays there are many careers in law enforcement at the Police and the Investigative Committee. The main task of law enforcement is to prevent, investigate and solve crimes.
Some lawyers serve as in-house lawyers and work for companies and enterprises. They inform clients about legal matters, draft contracts and other documents, mediate and negotiate settlements.
Exercise 7
Find in the text all the derivatives from the words below and translate them into Russian:
to train, to defend, to investigate, to check, to prosecute, to notarize, to enforce, to judge
Exercise 8