Неправильное поведение, проступок, злодеяние
infamous crime – позорящее поведение
less grave crime – менее тяжкое злодеяние (проступок)
Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents:
| 1. crime actually committed | a. преступление как акт протеста |
| 2. crime against law of nations | b.преступление против нравственности |
| 3. crime against morality | c. преступление, совершенное по небрежности |
| 4. crime against the reputation | d. преступление, совершенное из ревности |
| 5. crime as protest action | e. преступление, предусмотренное нормами общего права |
| 6. crime at common law | f. реально совершенное преступление |
| 7. crime difficult to trace | g.преступление против всеобщих законов |
| 8. crime done unwillingly | h. преступление, совершенное в состоянии аффекта |
| 9. crime due to jealousy | i. преступление, наказуемое смертной казнью |
| 10. crime of negligence | j.трудно раскрываемое преступление |
| 11. crime of passion | k.причины преступления, преступности |
| 12. crime of violence | l.преступление, совершенное субъектом против своей воли |
| 13. capital crime | m. преступление против чести |
| 14. causation of crime | n.насильственное преступление |
IV. Find in the text above English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
1. следовательно
2. арестовывать
3. эти меры придуманы
4. дорого
5. запрещать определенное поведение
6. намеренное причинение телесных повреждений
7. показания свидетеля
8. нарушение правил дорожного движения
9. устанавливать возраст ответственности за совершенные преступления
10. серьезное преступление
11. не быть признанным ответственным за свои преступные деяния
12. обвинение в преступлении
TEXT 4B
I. Read and translate the text using the words and word combinations after it:
HOW ARE CRIMES CLASSIFIED?
Crimes may be classified in various ways. One type of classification is given below. As you read the following list, however, keep in mind that human beings are the ultimate victims in all crimes:
1. crimes against a person (murder, assault and battery, kidnapping, rape),
2. crimes against property (larceny, robbery, hijacking loaded trucks, embezzlement, receiving stolen property),
3. crimes against the government and the
administration of justice (treason, tax evasion,
bribery, counterfeiting, perjury),
4. crimes against public peace and order (rioting,
carrying weapons, drunk and disorderly conduct,
illegal speeding),
5. crimes against buildings (burglary, arson, criminal
trespass),
6. crimes against consumers (fraudulent sale of wild
cat securities), or
7. crimes against decency (bigamy, obscenity,
prostitution, sexual harassment).
Crimes are classified in terms of their seriousness as felonies or misdemeanors.
Felonies
A felony is a crime of a serious nature. It exists when the act:
1) is labeled so by law or
2) is punishable by death or confinement for more
than one year in prison.
Murder, kidnapping, arson, rape, robbery, burglary, embezzlement, forgery, larceny (also called theft) of large sums, and perjury are examples of felonies. A person who lies when under oath commits perjury.
Misdemeanors
A misdemeanor is a crime of a less serious nature. It is usually punishable 1) by confinement in a jail for less than one year, 2) by fine, or 3) by both confinement and fine. Crimes such as drunkenness in public, driving an automobile at an illegal speed, shoplifting, and larceny of small sums are usually misdemeanors. A lesser misdemeanor is known as an infraction. Parking overtime on metered parking, failing to clear snow from sidewalks, and littering are examples of infractions. Ordinarily, no jury is allowed in cases involving infractions because the punishment is no more than a fine.
Vocabulary notes:
| ultimate victim – основная, главная жертва | carrying weapons –ношение оружия |
| murder – убийство | drunk and disorderly conduct – поведение в пьяном состоянии и нарушение общественного порядка |
| assault –оскорбление и угроза физическим насилием | illegal speeding –езда с недозволенной скоростью |
| kidnapping –киднэппинг, похищение людей | burglary -кража со взломом |
| rape –изнасилование | criminal trespass –противоправное нарушение владений |
| larceny –кража | fraudulent sale –продажа во вред кредиторам |
| robbery –грабеж | wild cat securities –ничего не стоящие ценные бумаги |
| hijacking -нападение, ограбление; угон самолета | bigamy –бигамия; двоеженство |
| receiving stolen property –укрывание краденного | obscenity –непристойная брань |
| loaded trucks –перегруженные грузовики | prostitution -проституция |
| embezzlement –растрата; присвоение(денег, имущества) | sexual harassment -сексуальная агрессия (в основном на рабочем месте) |
| treason –измена; особо тяжкое преступление; супружеская измена; предательство | felony –уголовное преступление |
| tax evasion –уклонение от уплаты налогов | misdemeanor –судебно-наказуемый проступок |
| bribery -взяточничество | confinement –лишение свободы, заключение |
| counterfeiting -подделка | shoplifting –магазинная кража |
| perjury -лжесвидетельство | infraction –нарушение правил |
| rioting –нарушение общественной тишины и порядка |
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What is one of the types of the classifications of crimes?
2. How crimes can be classified as well?
3. What is felony? And what crimes belong to this group of felonies?
4. What is the punishment for felony?
5. What is misdemeanor? What crimes from this group can you name?
6. What is the punishment for misdemeanor?
III. Match the following:
| 1. murder | a. a scene of noisy, uncontrolled, often violent behaviour by a person or large disorderly crowd of people |
| 2. arson | b. taking someone away illegally and usually by force, in order to demand esp. money for their safe return |
| 3. rape | c. the giving or taking of bribes (in form of money, property) |
| 4. burglary | d. the crime of setting fire to property |
| 5. robbery | e. the crime of raping someone (esp. with woman) without their will |
| 6. kidnapping | f. taking control of (esp. an aircraft) by using the threat of force, usually in order to make political demands |
| 7. shoplifting | g. the state of being married to two people at the same time |
| 8. hijacking | h. the crime of entering a building (esp. a home) by force with the intention of stealing |
| 9. bigamy | i. taking goods from the shop without paying |
| 10. obscenity | j. the crime of killing a person intentionally |
| 11. larceny | k. a lie told on purpose, esp. in a court of law |
| 12. assault | l. the crime of taking someone else’s property |
| 13. bribery | m. entering privately owned property or land without permission |
| 14. perjury | n. a crime that is less serious than, for example, stealing or murder |
| 15. rioting | o. serious crime such as murder or armed robbery |
| 16. trespass | p. an obscene word or action |
| 17. felony | q. a violent attack esp. a sudden one |
| 18. misdemeanour | r. an act of stealing |
IV. Match the name of a criminal with the suitable definition of the offence:
| 1.a burglar | a. anyone who breaks law |
| 2.a hijacker | b. attacks and robs people in the street |
| 3. a hooligan | c. breaks into houses or other buildings to steal |
| 4. a kidnapper | d. causes damage or disturbance in public places |
| 5. a mugger | e. kills someone |
| 6.a pickpocket | f. murders for political reasons or reward |
| 7. a murderer | g. illegally sets fire to someone’s house or property |
| 8. a robber | h. someone who steals |
| 9. a shop-lifter | i. steals money or things by force from people or places |
| 10. a thief | j. steals things from people’s pockets |
| 11. an arsonist | k. steals from shops while acting as an ordinary customer |
| 12. an assassin | l. takes away people by force and demands money for their return |
| 13. an offender | m. takes control of a plane by force and makes the pilot change course |
V. Translate into Russian:
1. A crime is an offense against society. In order to convict, the prosecution must establish a duty to do or not to do a certain thing, a violation of the duty, and, in most cases, criminal intent.
2. A crime is punishable by the appropriate government
— federal, state, or local.
3. Crimes are generally divided into (a) felonies and (b)
misdemeanors.
4. Generally any adult capable of knowing the difference between right and wrong is responsible for his
or her crimes.
5. Generally what would be criminal conduct for an adult
is juvenile delinquency for a minor, with lighter penalties and an emphasis on reform and rehabilitation.
TEXT 4C
I. Read and translate the text. Sum up the information you’ve learned from it: