Read and try to understand the following joke.
Crime Will Be Out Sooner or Later
Once during the civil wars of Rome a slave was murdered in one of the city squares, and nobody knew who committed the crime. The murdered slave's dog guarded the body and didn't allow anybody to touch it. The king, travelling that way, saw the animal watching the body. When he learnt that the dog had been there for three days without food or drink he ordered to bury the body and bring the dog to him.
After some time the review of the king's troops took place, and every soldier had to march past the king. All this time the dog lay quietly by the king's side, but on seeing the murderers of his late master, he flew at them with extraordinary fury barking and tearing their clothes. The king took notice of it.
He ordered to make an inquest and the criminals confessed the crime. Later they were tried and sentenced to death.
Answer the following questions:
1. Who was murdered once?
2. Who guarded the body?
3. What did the king order to do with the body and the dog?
4. What did the dog do when he saw the murderers?
Try to read the tongue-twister as fast as you can.
Robert Rowley rolled a round roll round.
A round roll Robert
Rowley rolled round.
If Robert Rolley rolled a round roll round
Where is the round roll
Robert Rowley rolled round?
Read and translate the jokes.
a. It only made matters worse.
A husband said to his friend: «My wife doesn't allow me to sleep. She is afraid of thieves; she wakes me up if she hears the slightest noise, and makes me get up to see if there are burglars in the house».
«You can easily get over that difficulty. Just explain to your wife that thieves don't make any noise; they work quietly and don't disturb anybody». «I've already done that, old man, but it only made matters worse. Now she gets me up several times every night because she hears nothing».
b. «Have you anything to say for yourself before I pass the sentence?» the judge said to the pickpocket. «What good have you ever done for mankind?» «Well, Your Honour», said the prisoner, «I've kept four or five detectives working regularly and I've helped several reporters, prison guards, and you keep their jobs».
LESSON 2
I. Phonetics
Study the table
| u u: | Данный звук возникает в следующих случаях: 1. всегда o+o: foot [fut], boot [bu:t], took [tuk], moon [mu:n]. 2. после pu в закрытом слоге иногда даёт краткий вариант: put [put], push [pu∫] (предыдущая буква всегда p) – (см. примечание). 3. ou+ согласная: could [ku:d], wound [wu:nd] (но подобные случаи не часты). 4. r + u+ согласная + гласная: prune [pru:n], rumour [ru:mə]. Примечание: 2. Но в подобных же случаях с другими согласными u почти всегда даёт звук [Λ] : cut [kΛt], plus [plΛs], punch [pΛnt∫] |
Pronounce the following
| [fu:l] - [ful] | fool - full | дурак - полный |
| [pu:l] - [pul] | pool - pull | лужа - тянуть |
| [bu:m] - [bul] | boom - bull | бум - бык |
| [ru:m] - [grum] | room - groom | комната - грум |
| [ru:t] - [ruk] | root - rook | корень - грач |
| [lu:z] - [luk] | loose - look | терять - смотреть |
Grammar
“The past perfect tense”
The Past Perfect Tense употребляется:
- в простых предложениях, когда действие уже закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом.
Слова-сигналы: с предлогом by (к) by6 o’clock, by the evening, byMonday, by the end of the week.
Мы сдали все зачеты к началу июня.
- в сложноподчиненных предложениях, Past Perfect может употребляться как в главном предложении, так и в придаточном в зависимости от того, какое действие произошло раньше.
Они пригласили нас на фильм, который мы уже видели («видели» произошло раньше, чем «пригласили»).
Мы уже видели этот фильм, когда они пригласили нас.
Образование The Past Perfect Tense
S + To have in Past Indefinite + Participle II
Had
Participle II – причастие 2, третья форма английского глагола, для правильныхглаголов образуется путем прибавления окончания -ed – к неопределенной форме глагола без частицы –
to-, а для неправильных глаголов – 3 колонка таблицы неправильных глаголов (см. в приложении).
e.g.: We had passed all the credits by the beginning of June.
They invited us to the film which we hadalready seen.
We hadalready seen the film when they invited us.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол HADупотребляется перед подлежащим.
? + had + S + PII
e.g.: What had we already passed by the beginning of June?
What had we already done by the beginning of June?
Who had already passed the credits by 3?
BUT: When did you pass the credits? (Вопрос с WHEN задается в Past Indefinite)
Where had we already seen the film when they invited us?
Had we seen the film when they invited us?
Для образования отрицательной формы Past Perfect к вспомогательному глаголу HADдобавляется отрицательная частица NOT.
S + Had + not + Participle II
e.g.: The boy hadn’t done all the work by the evening.
They gave me the book which I had not read yet.
My friend hadn’t rung me up before he came home.
Задания по формированию компетенций
1. Put the verb in brackets in the Past Perfect Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense (Поставьте глагол в скобках в Past Perfect или Past Indefinite):
1. By 8 o’clock the teacher (to examine) _________________________ all the students.
2. On my way to the Institute I (to remember) __________________ that I (to leave) ______________________ my report at home.
3. All my friends (to be glad) ___________________ that I (to pass) __________________ my exams successfully.
4. When they (to enter) _________________ the hall, the show already (to begin) __________________.