II. Translate into Russian the passages defining the violations committed by the Russian ship, according to Norwegian inspectors.
III. Vocabulary Practice
Find the words from the text which mean the following:
· catching fish, wild animals etc illegally;
· the equipment used in some activities, especially fishing;
· a legal process in which a judge examines information to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime;
· a violation of a law, rule, etc.
Read and translate the sentences in which they are used.
IV. Speech Practice
1. Rephrase the following sentences using the words in bold:
| 1. | Norwegian vessels failed to interceptthe Elektron during a four-day chase across the stormy sea. | |
| Though | –… Norwegian vessels chased … to interceptthe Elektron. | |
| 2. | The ship failed to send a notification on the beginning of fishing. | |
| succeed | –The ship… a notification on the beginning of fishing. | |
| 3. | Although the fish net was not found on board, the Norwegians presented the pictures of the fishing tackle made during the inspection. | |
| In spite of | –… the fish net was not found on board, the Norwegians presented the pictures of the fishing tackle made during the inspection. | |
| 4. | The exposed violations qualify as offences both under Norwegian and Russian laws. | |
| consider | –BothNorwegian and Russian laws … as offences. |
2. Explain the underlined part in your own words.
The case is tried behind closed doors.
3. Restore the chain of events on the basis of the two texts and make up a plan. Describe the incident according to the plan.
Text 3. Captain Yarantsev is ordered to pay a fine of 100,000 rubles
Read the text about the court decision concerning the case of the Elektron and express your opinion.
26 April, 2007
The court of Murmansk announced the verdict on the case of the captain of the trawler Elektron.
The trial has been closed. The verdict is being read in the open court. Captain of the trawler Elektron Valery Yarantsev has been justified. The court ordered him to pay a fine of 100,000 rubles for illegal fishing.
As to unlawful detention of the Norwegian inspectors, Yarantsev was justified.
No suspended sentence of three years imprisonment has followed. Defence and the captain himself are satisfied with the verdict.
Vocabulary
| fine | штраф |
| to announce | объявлять, оглашать |
| verdict | решение, приговор |
| to justify | оправдывать |
| unlawful | противозаконный |
| suspended | условный |
| sentence | приговор |
| imprisonment | лишение свободы |
Text 4. У капитана "Электрона" не выдержало сердце
Give a free translation of the text.
21.10.2005
У капитана траулера "Электрон" Валерия Яранцева произошел сердечный приступ. Он госпитализирован в Мурманскую больницу.
Сам траулер "Электрон" прибыл в порт Мурманска вчера около
22:00 мск. Самочувствие всех остальных членов экипажа нормальное. Корабль в настоящее время отбуксирован на свое место в порту Мурманска.
Для разбора ситуации уже прибыли члены специальной комиссии, они осмотрели корабль, опечатали трюмы, компьютеры и промысловое вооружение.
Траулер "Электрон" был задержан норвежской береговой охраной
15 октября во время промысла в районе архипелага Шпицберген за нарушение правил рыболовства. На борт судна поднялись два инспектора норвежской береговой охраны. Капитану было предложено вести судно в порт Тромсё для дальнейшего разбирательства. Однако капитан отказался выполнить это требование и взял курс на российские территориальные воды, после чего корабли норвежской береговой охраны начали преследование.
Суда и самолеты норвежского ВМФ не раз пытались остановить "Электрон" перерезая ему курс, давая залпы и сбрасывая на него сеть, однако российскому траулеру удалось успешно ускользнуть от преследователей и благополучно с двумя норвежскими инспекторами войти в территориальные воды РФ.
Text 5. Trawlers "caught" in Canada's net
I. Read the text.
Make sure you understand the words below:
| to retrieve | to recover, to get back |
| to reject | to refuse |
Sunday, 9 May, 2004
Canada has produced evidence of what it says is illegal fishing just outside its waters by Portuguese trawlers.
Officials said one boat was found with protected fish on board, and that another had cut loose a net just before they boarded the vessel.
Fisheries officials say the net was illegal, as its mesh was too small under international regulations.
The net was retrieved after a 30-hour search of the ocean floor in the Grand Banks area of the North Atlantic.
Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans said 65% of the fish found in the net were from species protected under a fishing moratorium "namely cod, American plaice and red fish". The ministry showed pictures of the net and its catch on its website.
The ship's Portuguese captain says the net got stuck on the bottom of the ocean and broke off shortly before Canadian fisheries officers boarded the vessel. The Canadians say the net was clearly cut.
But Portugal rejected the claims at the highest level.
The Brites was one of seven ships inspected last week just outside Canada's 200-mile waters. Another vessel was mentioned for two violations, including fishing for banned species.
Within its waters, Canada has strictly enforced a fishing moratorium for cod and other endangered fish.
Canada has often protested to the European Union and the governments of Spain and Portugal that their vessels regularly break the rules in the North Atlantic.
Commercial fishing for cod and American plaice has been banned for
a decade because stocks were so weak in the Grand Banks.
Vocabulary
| to produce evidence | представить доказательство |
| protected | защищённый, находящийся под защитой, охраной (закона) |
| to cut loose | освободиться, избавиться |
| to stick (stuck) | застрять |
| to break off | отрываться |
| endangered | находящийся под угрозой исчезновения (о виде) |
| stock | запас (популяции) |
II. Vocabulary Practice
1. Find an odd word.
a) illegal, banned, protected, prohibited;
b) slick, stuck, trapped, caught;
c) reject, detect, refuse, deny;
d) enforce, put into effect, carry out, submit.
2. Find the words from the text which mean the following:
· a period of ten years;
· facts that show clearly that something exists or is true;
· an official stopping of an activity for a period of time;
· a place on the Internet where you can find information about something;
· a statement that something is true, even though it has not been proved.
3. Match the words in column A with those in column B to form a phrase.
| A | B |
| 1. to retrieve | a) evidence |
| 2. to produce | b) a moratorium |
| 3. to reject | c) a net |
| 4. to break | d) a claim |
| 5. to cut | e) loose |
| 6. to enforce | f) fishing |
| 7. to ban | g) the rules |
III. Grammar Review
Fill in the blanks with the proper preposition where necessary.
1. Canada has produced evidence … illegal fishing … Portuguese trawlers.
2. Fisheries officials say the net mesh was too small … international regulations.
3. The net was recovered … a 30-hour search … the sea bed.
4. 65% of the fish found … the net were species protected … a fishing moratorium.
5. The net gotstuck … the bottom … the ocean and broke … shortly … Canadian fisheries officers boarded … the vessel.
IV. Speech Practice
1. Explain in English what the following words and word groups mean:
to produce evidence; a fishing moratorium; endangered fish; to reject claims at the highest level.
2. Rephrase the following sentences:
| 1. | Canada has produced evidence of illegal fishing by Portuguese trawlers. |
| Canada has proved… | |
| 2. | The net was retrieved after a 30-hour search of the ocean floor. 65% of the fish found in the net were from species protected under a fishing moratorium. |
| When the net had been retrieved … it was discovered that… | |
| 3. | Canada has often protested to the governments of Spain and Portugal that their vessels regularly break the rules in the North Atlantic. |
| Canada has often protested to the governments of Spain and Portugal about… |
3. Answer the questions.
1. What charges has Canada brought against Portugal?
2. What facts were provided to prove the charges?
3. What does a fishing moratorium mean?
4. What fish species are considered endangered under the Canada's law?
5. How did the Portuguese captain explain the incident?
6. Is it the only case of violating the fishing regulations?
7. Why has commercial fishing for some species been banned?
4. Speak about the accident.
Text 6. Pirate fishing ships head for the scrap heap
I. Read the text.
Make sure you understand the words below:
| repeatedly | frequently |
| to nickname | to call |
| commonly | usually |
| to secure | to obtain |
| topolice | to control |
| to show up | to appear |
| to demand | to require |
| obligation | duty |
| primarily | mainly |
15 May, 2007
Five blacklisted fishing trawlers that have been repeatedly exposed for illegal fishing in the North Atlantic by Greenpeace are now heading for the scrap heap.
Greenpeace documented the activities of five fishing trawlers (nicknamed the "trawler girls" due to the ships names all being women's names) since September 2005 while they illegally caught redfish in the Irminger Sea (in the North Atlantic between Iceland and Greenland).
The ships overwintered in European ports and then returned to their old fishing grounds. This happened despite the fact that all five vessels were blacklisted by the European Union, Iceland as well as the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission.
In December 2005 and again in March 2006, Greenpeace activists called on the German government to prevent the ships from leaving the port. Before their arrival in Germany these trawlers were called the Oyra, Ostroe, Okhotino, Olchan and Ostrovets. While they were in Rostock harbour the owners registered the ships under a new flag (Georgia) and changed their names to Eva, Juanita, Rosita, Isabella and Carmen, a make-over commonly practised by pirate fishing vessels in order to disguise their identity and avoid inspections. The German authorities promised not to re-supply the vessels but the ships managed to secure enough fuel and supplies and were able to leave port.
In March 2006 the same ships showed up in Lithuania along with several other pirate fishing vessels. Greenpeace demanded that Lithuania refuse blacklisted pirate vessels.
European Union member states like Germany, Poland and Lithuania violated EU law by giving these pirate ships shelter, fuel, service and assistance. The port of Klaipeda in Lithuania, where these ships showed up, has poor reporting and registration systems, which enables pirate fishing ships and "flag-of-convenience" ships to unload illegally caught fish.
Despite having their crimes so widely exposed, the "trawler girls" returned to the North Atlantic last April and spent another five months fishing illegally. They were aimed at fish species such as red fish, a species which is showing signs of over-exploitation. Since November 2006 the ships were tied up in Kaliningrad.
The Greenpeace ship Arctic Sunrise informed the Russian authorities about their illegal nature and the obligation of Russian authorities to stop them. In the last few weeks the ships have completed their final voyage to the Liyepaya scrap yard in Latvia!
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a global problem that needs global solutions. It is primarily caused by the huge over-capacity of the world's fishing fleets, the lack of effective laws and the failure of many countries topolice their waters.
Local and regional solutions are not sufficient if the international community is to deal effectively with pirate fishing and the theft of marine life from honest fishermen and future generations.
Vocabulary
| scrap heap | свалка, груда лома |
| to blacklist | заносить в черный список |
| to expose | разоблачать |
| make-over | создание нового облика |
| to disguise | скрывать |
| to enable | давать возможность |
| flag-of-convenience | удобный флаг[44] |
| to aim | направлять, нацеливать |
| over-exploitation | чрезмерная эксплуатация[45] |
| to tie up | швартоваться |
| solution | решение |
| over-capacity | избыточные производственные мощности |
| sufficient | достаточный |
| theft | воровство, кража |
II. Vocabulary Practice
1. Give synonyms to the following words:
to disguise, to enable, to tie up, solution, sufficient.
Use the above words in the sentences of your own.
2. Find the words from the text which mean the following:
· to record or report in detail, as in the press, on television, etc;
· a moral or legal requirement; duty;
· all the countries of the world;
· the crime of stealing;
· all people of about the same age.
III. Speech Practice
1. Explain in English what the following words and word groups mean:
to blacklist; a make-over; over-exploitation; "flag-of-convenience" ships; scrap yard; theft; global problem.
2. Explain the underlined parts in your own words.
1. A make-over is commonly practiced by pirate fishing vessels in order to disguise their identity and avoid inspections.
2. It is caused by the huge over-capacity of the world's fishing fleets.
3. The international community is to deal effectively with the theft of marine life from honest fishermen and future generations.
3. Answer the questions.
1. Who initiated the investigation into the activities of the pirate ships?
2. What ships are usually blacklisted?
3. What charges were brought against the mentioned ships?
4. What do pirate ships usually do to disguise their identity?
5. What states repeatedly violate the European Union law with regard to pirate ships?
6. What factors contribute to the IUU fishing?
7. In what way should this problem be addressed?
4. Speak about the accident.
Text 7. Pirate trawlers put fish stocks on the line[46]
I. Read the text.
Make sure you understand the words below:
| to urge | to insist on |
| recipient | receiver |
| traffic | commerce |
| to account for | to make up |
| jurisdiction | authority |
| to oppose | to be against |
Wednesday February 21, 2001
Japan is urging the EU to outlaw pirate fishing vessels which are plundering Atlantic fish stocks and putting legitimate fishermen out of business.
Although the pirate vessels operate under notorious flags of convenience, many of the trawler owners live comfortably in Spain and the UK.
Japan, one of the main recipients of illegally caught Atlantic tuna[47], has been trying to stop the traffic partly because it fears stocks will become exhausted and partly because its fishing unions believe they are being deprived of work.
Without international cooperation to prosecute the owners, Japan believes it will be difficult to stamp out the global trade which accounts for more than 10% of total world catches.
Among the species being destroyed by pirate boats is the patagonian tooth fish[48] caught on longlines. Each line has 50,000 hooks which also kill albatross and other sea birds.
Estimates based on Lloyd's Maritime Information Services show there are around 1,300 fishing vessels flying flags of convenience. Belize[49] has
404 registered trawlers, Honduras, 395, Panama, 214 and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[50] 108. A flag registration can be bought over the internet for as little as £350.
The owners are often registered in the same country as the ship, at least on paper, although the real recipients are far away. Taiwan tops the list of beneficialowners with 169 vessels while the EU has 168. Of these Spain and the Canary Islands have 116, Portugal 12, Greece 11 and the UK 10.
In addition there is a fish-carrying vessel which collects the catch from industrial trawlers at sea and takes it to market, disguising its origins.
Attempts to reach agreement are opposed by Mexico and Brazil, who say that stamping out pirate boats is a restriction of free trade, and by the EU which managed to delete most measures calling on governments to penalize or take other action against companies under their jurisdiction.
Greenpeace, which has followed illegal ships, says pirate vessels are successfully evading all fishing conservation and management regulations.
"We must close ports to these vessels, close markets to the fish, and penalize the companies involved in the jurisdiction of their home country", said Greenpeace. "All fishing agreements are worthless if pirate fishing is allowed to continue".
Pirate fishing has doubled in the last 10 years. The illegal trade in patagonian tooth fish catch alone is worth £300m annually.
Vocabulary
| tooutlaw | объявлять незаконным; запрещать |
| legitimate | законный, легальный |
| notorious | пользующийся дурной славой; печально известный |
| exhausted | истощенный |
| tostamp out | искоренять (что-л.), положить конец (чему-л.) |
| longline | ярус (орудие лова) |
| beneficial owner | владелец-пользователь; подлинный владелец |
| restriction | ограничение |
| todelete | вычёркивать, исключать |
| topenalize | штрафовать, накладывать штраф |
| to evade | ускользать (от преследования и т. п.) |
| conservation | сохранение; защита |
II. Vocabulary Practice
1. Give synonyms to the following words:
to outlaw, legitimate, to plunder, notorious, exhausted, to stamp out, to penalize, to evade, conservation.
2. Find the words from the text which mean the following:
· to endanger;
· the right to use an official power to make legal decisions;
· allowed by law;
· someone who receives something;
· to charge someone with a crime and try to show that they are guilty of it in a court of law;
· to hide a fact or feeling so that people will not notice it;
· good-for-nothing.
III. Speech Practice
Answer the questions.
1. Why does Japan insist on prohibition of pirate fishing?
2. What is typical of pirate ships?
3. What countries sell flag registration to fishing ships?
4. What is necessary to stop plundering the high seas?
5. What measures are suggested by Greenpeace?
6. Is there any world-wide agreement concerning stamping out pirate fishing? Why?
Active Vocabulary
| aim | evade | noxious | statement |
| allegation | exhausted | observation | solution |
| announce | emerge | offence | spill |
| ban | enable | outlaw | spillage |
| bar | encounter | over-exploitation | split |
| barren | endangered | over-capacity | split up |
| beach | entangle | penalize | stamp |
| blacklist | expose | phase out | stick (stuck) |
| boom | feed | poaching | stock |
| break off | fine | pour | submit |
| case | flag-of-convenience | produce evidence | substance |
| claim | founder | prosecutor | suck |
| condemn | gash | protected | sufficient |
| conservation | hazardous | qualify | suspended |
| contain | hole | quota | suspicion |
| contents | illegal | reach | tackle |
| create | imminent | refloat | technique |
| criminal charge | impact | release | theft |
| crude oil | imprisonment | remove | tie up |
| custody | intended | render | track |
| cut loose | intercept | response | trade |
| defence | jail term | restriction | trial |
| delete | justify | scrap heap | try |
| deny | layer | secure | verdict |
| deprive (of) | legislation | seek | violate |
| disguise | legitimate | sentence | violation |
| detain | meet | slick | in the wake of |
| detention | mesh | split up | weigh down |
| deterioration | notorious | stamp out | weathering |
| disperse | stand out | witness |
Supplementary Reading