Contract. Different clauses of a contract.
A visit to the factory.
4. Production philosophies. +
5. Dealing with problems. +
6. Business etiquette. How to be a great manager and a good secretary. +
7. Contract. Different clauses of a contract. +
8. Building an extension. +
9. Job hunting. +
10. Packing. +
11. Industrial accidents. Injuries and treatment. +
12. The way of increasing productivity. +
13. Pension scheme. +
14. Downsizing and dismissing. +
15. Discrimination in the work place. +
16. Methods of payment. +
17. Security problems. +
Industrial relations.
19. Trade union. +
20. Corporate alliances and acquisitions. +
21. Advertising and promotion. Marketing ethics. +
22. Brand image and brand stretching. +
23. Transport problems. +
New markets are vital. Market survey
It is very important to have the facts about how many potential buyers are in your projected sales area and to know their needs and wishes before you invest. Marketing planning must include all the ingredients, including producing the product they want, picking the proper location for your firm, determining the correct promotion and advertising plans, and many other factors that lead to customer satisfaction.
One effective method for gathering market information is the use of “people surveys”, which are made by surveying the population in a designated market area.
The most common are 3 types of people interviews. They are
The first: telephone surveys. This type of interview has the advantage of economy and speed in the collection of desired data.
The second: mail surveys. Using the mail to gather basic data is more expensive then telephone interviews. The rate of return is the key to whether or not it is successful. Experience has shown that the shorter the rate of return.
The third: personal interviews require much more time than other types. But they enable the interviewer to interpret questions, to explore the respondents opinions, and to identify areas of information.
The company structure
A business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.
Business is also referred to as commerce. Large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the United States. Large companies operating in many countries are multinationals. Big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. Small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.
Business may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food. Sector is sometime used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialist, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.
When a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. A nationalized company is state owned. When the state returns a company to the private sector it is privatised.
This is privatization.
The commonest type of firm in the UK is private limited company. The shareholders elect a Board of Directors, and the directors appoint one of Managing Director. He is in charge of the day-to-day running of the company. British company law requires a limited company to have a company secretary.
Who is responsible for the submission of a Memorandum of Association and other documents to the Registrar of companies when the company is set up and the publication of annual account.
Sometimes a private limited company becomes a public limited company. It must have a Memorandum of Association publish their accounts and are subject to many legal requirement as set out in the companies Act.
Production philosophies.
Production philosophy is a one of important part of every business activity. There are many popular production techniques and philosophies. One of them is a Japanese philosophy – kanban [‘кэнбэн] system by which the products are pulled through the system of market demand, rather than being driven by the supply of raw materials. Parts are made only as they are needed and supplied to the next production stage literally [‘литрэли] (буквально) just in time.
All collection of management techniques and philosophy now called total quality management (TQM). The main principle is doing a job right first time is always cheaper in the long term than doing it approximately (приблизительно) and fixing mistakes afterwards.
Another Japanese concept of continuous improvement is kaizen. A central tenet (принцип) is the elimination of waste (исключение бесполезных трат). It is also wasteful when an operator makes more movements than is necessary to complete a task because his or her machine is badly positioned. Another central theme is the drive to reduce the time wasted in processes that do not add value, like carrying parts or moving from one machine to another.
The last important management philosophy is benchmarking. It is using of the successful practice of other companies in the work of your own firm.
Dealing with problems.
This theme referes to 3 Unit. This text tells how John Martin returned from Abrarca and found in his work place a pile of problems. There are accumulated another job which need his attention and sudden illness of the secretary and unexpected delay of two containers with m-type desks which must be received by the client in Rotterdam.
Also he needs to report it to Hector Grand. In the begin of the day mr. Grand's secretary, Elizabeth, asked for help from mr.Baker, who is Chief Clerk in the General Office. And Mr.Baker agreed to give one of his new short-typist girls-Fenella. When mr. Martin was informed about delay he was very hectic and gave to Fenella a lot of different assignments which she couldn't be done quickly.
Later John Martin going to HG to discuss with him his trip to Abraca. He told about how he had find new agent in Abracan market and they decided what method of payment they will used. It will be irrevocable letter of credit case its most secure and trusted method. In the end of the day John found a pile of mistakes in the Fenella’s letters and it made her cry. But John said that she is done splendidly and showed here a beautiful ash-tray from Djemsa.
Business etiquette.
Etiquette-this is the rules obehaviour in society,the concerning to business and daily life.This is-ability to receive visitor,to represent yourself as a polite visitor,do noy be late or to transfer you apologise.
If you ask your secretary to do smth which is beyond the scope of her regular office work.This puts your relationship on a more personal basis.
Drawing room manners are out of place in an office,and you are not expected to jump to your feet and hold a chair for your secretary every time she comes into your office.
Your secretary responsibilities-courteous handling of your visitors.When someone has a definite appointment with you. He should not be kept waiting but should be shown to your office at precisely the time agreed upon.But if you are really busy,your secretary should go out to your visitor in person,explain your absence,convey your apologies and then give a definite idea of how much delay is inevitable.If the visitor chooses to wait,your secretary should then make sure that he is comfortable.A trained secretary will keep your papers in folders.She will be keep secrets.
Contract. Different clauses of a contract.
Commonly, the term “contract” is used by English lawyers to convey (выразить) the idea of the responsibility which arises (возникает) from the voluntary [‘волентери] engagement (добровольное обязательство) of one person to another. A contract gives rise to certain rights and obligations (обязанности). Written contracts are not always more binding (обязательный) than oral contracts. In order to make a valid (действительный) contract one must observe (соблюдать) certain necessary conditions.
Contract should be consist of 10 main parts. They are subject of contract, price and total amount, delivery dates, penalty (штраф), type of payment, guarantee, packing and marking, export licence, force majeure and insurance.
Contracts can be legal and illegal, hull (потерявший законную силу) and void (it is not legally binding contract), voidable (оспаримый) (it is mean the contract has a capable of being legally annulled [э‘налд] and made void), invalid (недействительный) (made orally or in writing but not under seal (узаконенный)). “Under seal” means having legal force, effective. When the thing agreed upon has been done, as in case (как например в) of an article sold and delivered and payment made on the spot (выполнена на месте), it is called an executed contract. Executory contracts, on the contrary (наоборот), are those where something remains (осталось) to be done.
Building an extension.
The Company is expanding, and the present factory is rapidly becoming too small to cope with the increase in production. Some months ago it was decided that the Company would have to build an extension to the present factory. An architect, Mr. Norman Phillipson, was called in, and given the job. He drew up the plans on Paint Store and the firm applied for an I.D.C. (Industrial Development Certificate), which is granted, given, by the Board of Trade. Paint Store will be protected by the fireproof wall of the main factory. The County Planning Authority will also have to approve the plans.
Mr. Grant is the Chairman in charge of the meeting. Also attending are Peter Wiles, Production Manager; John Martin, Sales Manager; William Buckhurst, the Company Secretary. Also present is Ian Hampden, who is the Personnel Manager; he is in charge of all personnel, the employees, employed by the Company. Mr. Phillipson has now proposed that we rebuild the present Managers' garage as a Paint Store. This would be a great saving in time. It's on the other side of the delivery bay, and would halve the time taken to unload and store the stuff.
Cars can be placed on parking place as well as all else's.
Job hunting
The main objective of the personnel function is to recruit and maintain an efficient workforce. The selection of effective personnel is essential if a business is to grow and prosper.
Before selecting an employee, the following points need to be considered:
1) position description which consists of a job description (including the main tasks and responsibilities of the position) and the job specification (defining the education, work experience, skills, and abilities the individual must have in order to perform the job effectively)
2) sources of employees that very depending on your aim. This could be a job(employment) agency, a firm of headhunters or an advertisement.
3) The application form should fit the needs of the company and confirm to the law. Its purpose is to furnish the personnel manager with enough information about applicants so that a judgement as to their qualifications for a job can be made.
4) Job interview aims at discussing items on the application which need to be clarified.
Some words about headhunters, they are specialist consultants who search for high-level, often board-level, executives and try to persuade them to leave their current job in order to go to work in another company. Managers found in this way are headhunted in a process of headhunting.
Executives may be persuaded to move company by the promise of a golden hello: a large sum of money or some other financial enticement offered by the company they move to.
Packing.
The equipment your company produces is to be shipped in export packing corresponding [корисп’ондин] to the nature of each particular type of the equipment. The packing is to secure the full safety of the goods from any kind of damage and corrosion [кэ‘роузен] during its transportation.
The goods are to be packed so as not to allow for their free movement inside the package. The cases in which the equipment is packed are to be marked.
The marking should be clearly made with indelible [инд‘елибл] paint stating as follows: numbers of 1. Contract, 2. Trans, (транспортировка) 3. Case, (ящик) 4. Net weight, (вес нетто) 5. Gross weight, 6. Dimensions of the case in centimeters [санти‘митез].
The packages for which special handling is required should have additional marking: “Handle with care” or “Don’t turn over”.
Liquids [‘ликвидз - жидкости] are usually transported in carboys, barrels and drums. Soft goods are transported in bales. Sugar, flour [‘флауэ] and things like these are transported in hessian sacks. Fragile [‘фраджайл - хрупкий] things are usually placed in polystyrene [полист’айэрин] moulds [‘муелдз - форма] and then in crates.