Unit 3. Classifications of crimes
Exercise 22. Translate and learn this table by heart.
Crimes and criminals
| Crime | Criminal | Criminal act |
| arson | arsonist | to set fire to smth; to set smth on fire |
| shoplifting | shoplifter | to shoplift |
| mugging | mugger | to mug |
| offence | offender | to offend |
| vandalism | vandal | to vandalize |
| burglary or house-breaking | burglar | to burgle; to break into |
| murder | murderer | to murder |
| manslaughter | manslayer | to kill someone but not deliberately |
| kidnapping | kidnapper | to kidnap |
| pickpocketing | pickpocket | to pick smb’s pocket |
| abetting/ complicity | accomplice | to abet |
| aiding | abettor/ accomplice/ aider | to aid and abet |
| drug trafficking /drug sale/ drug trade | drug dealer/ drug trafficker | to trade in drugs / to sell and buy drugs |
| spy/espionage | spy | to spy |
| terrorism | terrorist | to terrorize |
| assassination | assassin | to assassinate |
| hooliganism | hooligan | to behave in a noisy and violent way in a public place |
| ticketless travel/fraudulent travel | stowaway | to stow away |
| theft | thief | to thieve/to steal |
| hijacking | hijacker | to hijack |
| carjacking | carjacker | to carjack |
| forgery | forger | to forge |
| robbery | robber | to rob |
| larceny | larcener | to commit larceny |
| smuggling | smuggler | to smuggle |
| treason | traitor | to betray |
| gangsterism | gangster | to be a member of a criminal group |
| desertion | deserter | to desert |
| bigamy | bigamist | to commit bigamy |
| speeding | speeder | to speed |
| rape | rapist | to rape |
| blasphemy | blasphemer | to commit blasphemy/to blaspheme |
| perjury | perjurer | to perjure |
| fraud | swindler | to swindle |
| bribery/bribe-taking | bribetaker | to give a bribe |
| blackmail | blackmailer | to blackmail |
| extortion | extortionist | to extort |
| embezzlement | embezzler | to embezzle |
| tax evasion | tax evader | to evade taxes |
| counterfeiting | counterfeiter | to counterfeit |
| drug abuse | drug addict | to abuse drugs |
| trespass | trespasser | to tresspass |
| pilferage | pilferer | to pilfer |
| piracy | pirate | to commit piracy |
| money laundering | money launderer | to launder money |
| infringement of copyright | copyright infringer | to infringe a copyright |
| assault | assailant | to assault |
| aggravated assault | assailant | to assault with aggravating circumstance |
| child abuse | a person who abuses a child | to abuse a child |
| joyriding | joyrider | to joyride |
| defamation | defamer | to defame |
| slander | slanderer | to slander |
| libel | libeller | to libel |
| eavesdropping | eavesdropper | to eavesdrop |
| conversion | a person who converts | to convert |
Exercise 23. Match the criminals with the descriptions.
1. thief a. someone who kills somebody else on purpose
2. robber b. someone who steals things from shops
3. burglar c. someone who takes a person by force and demands ransom in
4. mugger order to set them free
5. murderer d. someone who steals something from a bank, post office, shop,
6. kidnapper etc., often using threats or force
7. arsonist e. someone who uses force to take control of an aeroplane, train
8. shoplifter f. someone who takes things which do not belong to them
9. vandal g. someone who damages other people’s property on purpose
10. hijacker h. someone who attacks people in the street in order to steal
something
i. someone who sets fire to property on purpose
j. someone who breaks into people’s houses to steal things
Exercise 24. Match the headlines with the crimes.
1. kidnapping a. “Removers” empty three houses
2. hijacking b. Boy snatched from mum in park
3. assassination c. Pensioner attacked in town centre for ₤ 5
4. mugging d. Factory fire: no accident
5. arson e. President killed by single bullet
6. burglary f. Gunman forces pilot to land in desert
Exercise 25. Go through the list of offences and decide which are major and which are minor. Then look at the forms of punishment and decide which is appropriate for each offence. Write sentences as in the example.
E.g. Murder is a major offence. I think that someone who murders somebody should be sentenced to life imprisonment.
Offences
1. murder 7. pickpocketing
2. hijacking an airplane 8. stealing sweets
3. kidnapping 9. making noise late at night
4. littering 10. being on a bus without a ticket
5. writing graffiti on 11. violent behaviour in a football stadium
a public building 12. toxic waste pollution
6. stealing a car
Punishment
1. to be sentenced to life imprisonment
2. to be sent to prison
3. to be fined a large/small amount of money
4. to be given a suspended sentence
5. to do community service
6. to be given a warning