To leave the port – покидать порт

Southward – в южном направлении

Eastward– в восточном…

Harbour – гавань

Pilotage – лоцманская проводка

Berth – причал

Portside – левый борт

THE PORT OF NOVOROSSIYSK

(from “Guide to Port Entry”)

The seaport of Novorossiysk is situated in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea, at the top of the Novorossiyskaya (Tsemesskaya) Bukhta (Bay).

Navigation is year-round. In winter, strong, gusty NE winds (called “Bora”), reaching hurricane force at times, blow from the coastal mountains. Due to these winds, vessels lying at anchor in Novorrossiysk Bay may very quickly become covered with ice when the temperature of the air is cooled below freezing point.

It is impossible to enter the port when “Bora” blows, therefore, all vessels are recommended to leave the Novorossiysk Bay for the open sea beforehand or lay at anchor in the Yuzhnaya Ozereika Roads, at the distance of 8.5 miles westward of the entrance to the port of Novorossiysk.

The port consists of two harbours: Dry Cargo Harbour and Sheskharis Oil Harbour.

The inner roads are situated at the head of Novorossiysk Bay and divided from the outer roads by the Western and Eastern Moles. The outer roads are situated between the moles and the Southern border of the port.

The Dry Cargo Harbour situated inside the inner roads is protected by
2 (western and eastern) moles.

Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels must give the ETA, name of the vessel, gross tonnage, exact draft, description and quantity of cargo, location and weights of heavy lifts (if any), type of engine 96 hours prior arrival.

The quays of the Dry Cargo Harbour with depths alongside of up to 11.5 m are equipped to handle general cargo, 20 - 40ft containers and bulk cargoes (coal, ore), metals, timber, sugar, grain, cement, fruit and vegetables.

Berths of the port are equipped with modern cargo handling facilities. There are portal cranes of up to 40 tons capacity, floating cranes with lifting capacity of up to 100 tons, automatic and electric cargo lifters and other equipment.

Opening and closing of hatches is usually done by ship’s crew with the help of portal cranes of up to 40 tons capacity at dry cargo berths if ordered by Master, grain berth excluded.

All necessary services including stevedoring work are available under Port Authority guidance. Port cargo handling regions where ships berth are managed by Port Authority and used for stevedoring, tallymen service, storage, etc.

The Sheskharis Oil Harbour situated in the Eastern part of the outer roads is protected by a mole from the South and oil jetty from the North. The base of the jetty is used as a berth for fire-fighting boats.

Depths at the berths of the Sheskharis Oil Harbour are from 4.5 up to 19.0 m. To ensure safe loading \ unloading of oil products every tanker should be equipped with cargo manifolds[3] capable of fitting 8 in.-16in. shore-loading connections.

Deepwater berth №1 accepts vessels of 80,000 to 250,000 dwt. Arrival and departure draft does not exceed 19.0 m

Read the following texts, translate them and be ready to speak about them.

THE PORT OF SOCHI

The port of Sochi is an ice-free port situated at the mouth of the Sochi River, in the eastern part of the Black Sea.

The port is protected by the Caucasian chain of mountains from cold NE winds but it is open to winds blowing from southerly and westerly directions when heavy waves may roll over the port moles causing heavy swell in the harbour.

The port mostly handles passenger traffic. There are passenger terminals, one of which serves hydrofoil ships only. About 3 million passengers visit the port yearly. A cargo pier is equipped to handle fruit, building material and cars. There are enclosed warehouses on the cargo pier and on one of the passenger terminals.

Pilot boat usually meets vessels at the distance of about 1 mile from the port. In the event of bad weather or restricted visibility, vessels should anchor or drift at a safe distance from the port until the pilot arrives.

Deep draft vessels may obtain anchorage in the outer roads westward of the Northern Mole. The depths in the roads are from 11m to 12m.

Some distance westward, in depths 20-23m, there are mooring buoys, which can be used during vessels stay in the road.

THE PORT OF ARCHANGEL

The Port of Archangel is a White Sea Port. It’s situated at the mouth of the Severnaya Dvina River, in the SE corner of Dvina Bay.

The total length of the port area is about 30 miles. Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels awaiting a Pilot may anchor at safe distance to the North from pilot boat location.

Ice breaks up in April. Port area open from end of April to November. During the time of high water vessels can enter the port through the approach channel Berezovy Bar if having length not more than 160 m and draft not exceeding 8.0 m.

37 berths are available with depths alongside up to 9.6.m.

Berths are equipped to handle timber, wood-pulp, paper, machinery and general cargo. Therefore enclosed warehouses and concrete floor sheds are available in the port.

Berths of the commercial port are equipped with mobile electric cranes of up to 32 tons capacity. Loading of timber from berths is effected by shore cranes and vessels’ cargo gear. There are also floating cranes from 5 to 100 tons capacity as well as other cargo handling equipment and interport transport means.

Mobile electric cranes of up to 20 tons capacity are operated on the quays.

THE PORT OF ST. PETERSBURG

The sea port of St.Petersburg is situated at the Baltic Sea.

Year-round navigation is possible with ice-breaker assistance from the end of November till the middle of April. Ice begins to form in the middle of November when usual winter frosts come and in January (time varies with the season) all the area becomes completely covered with fast ice.

The port of St.Petersburg provides for a good anchorage. Port aquatorium is divided by moles and dams into several basins (docks) and harbours.

Pilot usually boards a vessel at the port St.Petersburg, approaching light buoy (lat. 60 02’ N, long. 29 26’ E)

All pilots are highly qualified reliable and experienced Ice-Pilots.

Berths of the port with depths alongside of up to 11.5 m are equipped to handle general and bulk cargoes (coal, ores, grain, building material), sugar, metals, timber products, etc. There is also a passenger and container terminals, warehouses, cold stores and concrete floor sheds.

Both opening and closing of hatches is usually done by the ship’s crew, otherwise according to the Charter Party conditions.

There are shore-cranes 5-tons- 40-tons capacity, floating cranes 10, 25, 40, 60, 100 and 350 tons capacity. Fork-lifts 1-25 tons are available. Stevedores are ordered by the Agent.

THE PORT OF KHOLMSK

The seaport of Kholmsk is situated on the Western coast of Sakhalin Island, in the Tartarsky Strait of the Japan Sea and at the head of Nevelskoy Bay.

The port is open for navigation all the year round.

The port is divided into three parts: The Kovsh (a basin), The Commercial and Fishing Harbours. The Commercial Harbour is situated in the center of the port area. It is protected by the Southern and Northern Moles. The entrance to the Harbour 150 m wide, is situated between these 2 moles. Cargo berths are situated in a basin (the Kovsh) of the Southern part of the Harbour.

The port of Kholmsk, due to its position, size and weather conditions in the area, cannot be used as a sheltering port.

Pilotage is compulsory. Pilot meets a vessel in the outer roads situated opposite the port entrance. The outer roads are open to Westerly winds.

Anchorage in the outer roads may also be obtained at 4-6 cables lengths off shore. Depths are from 18 m to 20 m. Holding ground is sand and stone.

Two tugs of 300 h.p. and two tugs of 1, 200 h.p. are available. Tugs normally join the vessels in the inner area of the port.

Berths with depths up to 7.3 m alongside, are equipped to handle general and bulk cargoes, metals, timber, food products, etc., as well as passenger traffic.

Cranes of up to 40 tons capacity are operated on the quays. There are also other cargo-handling equipment and inter port transport facilities. There are enclosed warehouses and open concrete floor sheds.

THE PORT OF MURMANSK

A Barents commercial seaport and fishing port, Murmansk is situated at the eastern coast of the southern elbow-shaped bend of the Gulf of Kolsky. It is the last unfrozen port of the Northern seas routes.

In very severe winters the southern and middle elbow-shaped bends of the Gulf get frozen over for a short period of time in February or March, during calm and frosty weather. In mild winters drift ice is observed. The northern part of the Gulf never gets frozen over.

The Port of Murmansk is open for navigation all the year round. In the event of ice conditions, ice-breaker assistance will be effected.

The port of Murmansk consists of 2 harbours: the Commercial and the Fishing Harbours.

Pilotage is compulsory. During rough sea pilot is not able to board a ship at the pilot station area. In this event vessels should follow the pilot boat in the wake of it up to the Salny Island and embark a pilot southward of the island at a place indicated by pilot boat.

Main berths, depths alongside 32 ft at low water. Vessels berth port or starboard side alongside at Master’s and Pilot’s discretion. The berths of the Commercial Harbour with depths alongside of up to 12.0 m are equipped to handle general and bulk cargo, metals, machinery, chemicals, foodstuff, etc.

There are enclosed mechanised warehouses for apatite including open concrete floor sheds.

Berths of the port are equipped with mobile electric cranes of up to 40 tons capacity. There are floating cranes with lifting capacity of up to 90 tons, and other cargo handling equipment and intra-port transport.

Since loading\unloading is usually done by the port cranes, there are no specific requirements to vessel’s cargo gear.

Stevedores are arranged by Agent on basis of Master’s ETA. Loading and unloading is carried out throughout 24 hours a day including holidays.

THE PORT OF NAKHODKA

A commercial port Nakhodka is situated in Nakhodka Bay, in the NW part of the Japan Sea.

From the beginning of January to March the Nakhodka Bay is usually covered with thin ice which can easily be broken by vessels and driven out into the sea by favourable winds.

The port is open for navigation all the year round.

The most dangerous wind for vessels lying in the Nakhodka Bay is the strong southern wind of long duration caused by typhoons. The wind usually gives rise to the water level and produces waves of up to 3 m height in the Bay.

Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels irrespective of nationality and ownership with the exception of the local coasters.

The berths of cargo handling Port Area No.1 have depths alongside from 8.6 m up to 10.2 m and are equipped to handle grain, equipment, cables, wire ropes, metals, phosphorus, etc.

The berths of cargo handling Port Area No.2 have depths alongside from 9.1m up to 10.2m and are equipped to handle grain, coal, cement, foodstuff and general cargoes.

The berths of cargo handling Port Area No.3 have depths alongside from 8.8 m up to 11.8 m and are equipped to handle timber, sawn timber, equipment, machinery and other cargoes.

Passenger vessels are handled at two berths with depths alongside 8.8 m and 6.1 m.

Electric cranes of up to 41 tons capacity are operated on the quays. There are also floating cranes with lifting capacity of up to 300 tons and other cargo handling equipment, intra-port transport included.

2 grain handles available rate 300 tonnes/ hour each.

Loading and/or unloading is usually done in accordance with conditions and rates stipulated by C/Ps and Sales Contracts.

4. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Порт расположен в северо-восточной части Черного моря.

2. Навигация открыта круглый год.

3. Лоцманская проводка обязательна.

4. Причалы оборудованы современными грузообрабатыващими устройствами.

5. Для обработки генерального груза в порту есть краны грузоподъемностью от 20 до 50 тонн.

6. В порту есть плавучие краны от 20 до 100 тонн грузоподъемностью.

7. Глубины у причалов нефтяного терминала от 4.5 до 19 м.

8. Все необходимые услуги, включая стивидорные работы, предоставляются в порту.

9. В порту перерабатываются такие навалочные грузы, как зерно, уголь, руда.

10.Ежегодно в порту загружается от 500 до 600 морских судов.

5. Ask your freind about:

1) location of the port of Nakhodka;

2) weather conditions to be needed for entering the port of Novorossiysk;

3) navigation in the port of Murmansk;

4) number of berths in the port of Archangel;

5) specialization of the port of Sochi;

6) division (parts) of the port of Kholmsk;

7) equipment of the berths in the port of St.Petersburg;

8) types of cargoes to be handled in the port of Kholmsk;

Get the replies!

Unit 9. GREAT BRITAIN

(Geographic and economic survey)

1. Read the text:

Great Britain is the largest island of Europe. England, Scotland and Wales are situated on this island. They constitute one country, which is called Great Britain. Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom.

The area of the United Kingdom is about 224,000 sq. kilometers with a population of about 52.5 million. Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

Great Britain is surrounded by sea on all sides and is separated from the continent of Europe by the North Sea and the English Channel.

Owing to the Gulf Stream, which washes the western and northern coasts of the country, the climate of Great Britain is rather mild but very damp. There is much rain and fog in winter. The cool wind from the sea makes the summer in England cooler than on the continent. Spring is the best season in Britain.

There are many harbours and ports on the British coast. The most important cities and ports in Great Britain are London, Liverpool, Hull, Manchester, Southampton and Glasgow.

Thousands of British ships transport to Britain wheat, butter, meat, fruits, sugar, tea and various raw materials from different countries and ports of Europe, Asia, Africa, America and from Australia.

Water transport is highly developed in Britain. There are many rivers in the country but none of them are very long. The rivers in Great Britain are much shorter than those in Europe. The longest river is the Severn. It flows south-west into the Irish Sea.

Many rivers are joined by means of canals through which ships can carry passengers and goods from one end of the island to the other. The rivers in England never freeze.

The largest city and port of Great Britain is London, the capital of the United Kingdom. It is situated on the river Thames, which runs in an easterly direction and flows into the North Sea. London is a large industrial and commercial city.

Britain is an industrial country. Shipbuilding and motor-building are highly developed here. Most of the industrial and shipbuilding regions are around Glasgow and Newcastle.

Glasgow is situated on the river Clyde along whose banks there stretch the largest shipbuilding yards in the country.

The chief cotton-manufacturing town is Manchester, which is connected by a canal with the port of Liverpool.

One of the large mining districts in Britain is Wales, where the towns and villages are populated by thousands of miners.

2. Answer the questions:

1. What can you say about geographical position of Great Britain? 2.What are the most important ports on the British coast? 3.What cargoes do British ships transport to Britain? 4. What can you say about British rivers? 5. What are shipbuilding regions in Britain?