FOCUS 1. Read and discuss the lead-in and the letters.

TRANSPORTATION

FOCUS 1. Read and discuss the lead-in and the letters.

LEAD-IN

	The method a consignor chooses to deliver the goods depends on whether his main consideration is speed, direct delivery, limiting handling, or economy, and this obviously relates to the type of consignment being sent.   The three main methods of transporting goods, besides shipping which will be dealt with in block Marine Transportation, are road, rail, and air.   Road transport tends to be comparatively cheaper and more direct than rail. It offers a door-to-door service. In the past few years haulage has increased dramatically due to faster services, road improvements and the introduction of containers, which allow for bulk transportation. Rail transport is faster than road, which is necessary especially when transporting perishable goods. It can haul bulk commodities in greater volume than road transporters. Transhipment, i.e. transferring the goods from train to truck, can still be a problem. Rail transport tends to be comparatively more expensive than road haulage. Sometimes special wagons, both open and closed, are used, and these include refrigerated wagons for perishable goods and tanks for liquids being transported in bulk. Air transport. Some goods lose value over time or deteriorate; therefore air transport is used for speed, particularly over long distances. Insurance tends to be cheaper as consignments spend less time in transit. However, with bulk consignments, air is much more expensive, and can be uneconomical.

	Documents used in transporting the goods The main document used in air transport is Air waybill (AWB), which consists of copies distributed to the airline, exporter, importer, and customs. Unlike the Bill of Lading the AWB is only a receipt and cannot be transferred to another person. Consignment notes are used in road and rail transportation, and like the Air waybill they are receipts and are not documents of title so ownership of the document does not mean ownership of the goods. They are not negotiable, i.e. they cannot be bought, sold, transferred by the consignor or the consignee. The waybill is sometimes the main transportation document in shipment by truck. Consignment notes and waybills are obtained by the consignor filling out an instructions for dispatch form, and paying the freight charges. These charges are calculated in size (volume), weight, or value, and sometimes risk, particularly if special precautions are to be taken. Rail Waybill serves as a shipping document. The date stamped on the Rail Waybill by the frontier station authorities or customs may confirm crossing the border or may be considered the date of delivery.

REQUEST FOR A QUOTATION FOR DELIVERY BY ROAD

DUTCH INDUSTRIAL MACHINES BV Heldringstraat 180-2 Postfus 5411 Amsterdaam 1007 Netherlands
	Our ref. Your ref.   Transport Manager 14 March 20__ A/O Rusotra Nekrasova 15/6 Balashikha Russia   Dear Sir or Madam,   We have seen your advertisement in the Yellow Pages and decided to resort to your services.   We have received an urgent order for the shipment of Automatic Looms and spare parts from Holland to Russia, and the request is that the delivery should be effected door-to-door to AO Tekstil Ivanovo.   Would you please quote your inclusive rate for collecting from the above address, and delivering the following consignment to AO Tekstil Ivanovo, Dekabristov 15a Ivanovo?   § 7 Automatic Looms “Weaving Jet 2010” each measuring 2m x 1.5m x 2.8 m weighing 320 kg   § 10 boxes with spare parts and accessories each measuring 1.2m x 1m x 1.5 m weighing 90 kg   We enclose with the letter our usual instructions for shipping the machines. The Automatic Looms have been carefully packed and are fully protected against knocks and scratches by polythene and corrugated paper wrapping.   The invoiced value of the consignment is ?577,098.00.   We would appreciate a prompt reply, as delivery must be made before Easter.   Yours faithfully, Jacob Van den Graaten Jacob Van den Graaten Supervisor

WAYBILL

To be completed on the sender's responsibility 1-15 including and 19+21+22. The spaces framed with heavy lines must be filled in by the carrier.

1. Sender (name, address, country) Dutch Industrial Machines BV Heldringstraat 180-2 Postfus 5411 Amsterdaam 1007 Netherlands

INTERNATIONAL CONSIGNMENT NOTE     CMR

No. 24392

In case of dangerous goods mention, besides the possible certification, on the last line of the column the particulars of the class, the number and the letter, if any.

This carriage is subject, notwithstanding any clause to the contrary, to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of goods by road (CMR)

2. Consignee (name, address, country) AO Textil Ivanovo Dekabristov 15a Ivanovo Russia

16. Carrier (name, address, country) AO Rusotra Nekrasova 15/6 Balashikha Russia

3. Place of delivery of the goods (place, country) Ivanovo Russia

17. Successive carriers (name, address, country) No

4. Place and date of taking over the goods (place, country, date) Heldringstraat 180-2 Amsterdaam 1007 Netherlands 20 March 20__

18. Carrier's reservations and observations

5. Documents attached delivery note invoice No. 245/LD/18 TIR Cornet AC00152748

6. Marks and Nos

7. Number of packages

8. Method of packing

9. Nature of the goods

10. Statistical number

11. Gross weight in kg

12. Volume in m3

polythene and

Automatic

7 x 320 kg

7 (2m x 1.5 m x 2.8 m)

01-17

corrugated

looms and

10 x 90 kg

10 (1.2m x 1m x 1.5m)

paper

spares

Class

No

Letter

(ADR*)

13. Sender's instructions HANDLE WITH CARE

19. Special agreements

20. to be paid by:

Senders

Currency

Consignee

Carriage charges

Deductions: –

Balance

14. Instructions as to payment for carriage þCarriage paid o Carriage forward

Supplem. charges

Other charges: +

Total:

?

9,870.

21. Established in Amsterdam

on 20 March

20___

15. Cash on delivery

22. Dutch Industrial Machines BV   Signature and stamp of the sender

23. AO Rusotra   Signature and stamp of the carrier

24. Goods received

Place Ivanovo

on 31 March

20__

Signature and stamp of the consignee

DELIVERY BY RAIL

FGUP ROSPEREVOZKA 109578 Moscow Belorusskaja pl. 56/8
	Our ref. Your ref.   OY URSULA 25 June, 20__ Jakkaren katu 17 Helsinki Finland   Dear Sirs,   Despatch of Order 678KM We thank you for choosing our company as a carrier of your goods.   Our despatch department has informed us that the goods deposited by you in our depot are in perfect condition. We are pleased to state that we have acted in full compliance with your request and the goods of your Order 678KM are packed and ready for despatch. There is our checker’s mark on the side of each box, which is a blue label with a packer’s number and date on it. The boxes are marked FRAGILE and KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT.   We would be pleased if you would fill in, sign and return the attached shipping instructions form as soon as possible. A waybill, giving full particulars will be sent to you by return mail.   We would also be glad to procure a wider range of services to your company. We collect your goods to be packed by any method required for transport by sea, air, rail or road. We arrange shipments to any part of Europe and undertake all formalities on behalf of our clients, clearing all documents and obtaining waybills. The enclosed folder will show you the type of precision packing in which we specialize. Our company is equipped to handle any type of bulky product, and we provide all the necessary internal fitments, bracing members and cushioning to avoid shock.   Yours faithfully, Sergei Mokshin Sergei Mokshin Supervisor   Enc.

CONSIGNOR'S REPLY

OY URSULA Jakkaren katu 17 Helsinki
	Our ref. Your ref.   FGUP ROSPEREVOZKA June29, 20__ 109578 Moscow Belorusskaja pl. 56/8   Dear Mr. Mokshin,   Thank you for your prompt attention to our Order 678KM. We are favourably impressed by your efficiency and careful packing of our goods.   Please find attached hereto the shipping instructions to forward by rail carriage paid the consignment under the above Order.   We are now to forward from Luleo to Moscow a new consignment and it is imperative we meet the deadline, which is July 13, 20__.   We are prepared to pay the G.V. rate by train-ferry if absolutely necessary, to avoid delay.   If there is any likelihood of delay we would prefer to have goods carried by road and ship, and not depend on the railway. Please let us know the difference in cost by train-ferry via Stockholm/Tallinn and road-ship-road via Luleo/Helsinki.   Yours faithfully,   Jarve Kukkonen Jarve Kukkonen Sales Manager

RAILWAY BILL

The sections to the left of the thick line must be completed by the sender and the other sections by the railway *Q Indicate by a cross where appropriate

Rail Express Europe

Consignment Note

Authorisation of loading No.

Consignor(name, address)

Declarations (CIM/TIE x Art. 13, 19, 26 etc.)

OY Ursula Ja kkaren Katu 17 Helsinki Finland

RAILWAY TO ACT AS AGENT

RPAID-FRANCO Moscow

£EX WORKS-PORT DU - UNFRANKIERT

Consignee(name, address, country)

Forwarding country

Forwarding station

Labels

ZAO Electroimport, Grishina st. 12, Moscow Russia '/TLX (095) 417-12-54

Helsinki

Date of forwarding (day-month)

Train No.

Information for consignee (CIM/TIE x Art. 13 § 3) Collect at depot No. 7 Leningradskij, 23

Information for railway purposes FRAGILE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT

Insurance

£

To be cleared through Customs at Vainikkala

Destination station and place of delivery

Moscow

Moskva-sortirovochnaya

Route Helsinki - Moscow

Country „Russia

£ DELIVERED £ T.C.F

E

No. of packages Nature of packing Marks (where applicable)

Description of goods

RIDyes*£

Weight 1,500 kg

CIM/TIE x International carriage by rail

Precision packing   FRAGILE   KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT

Electrical equipment

For customs use

BR 20105/13

Document attached invoice No. 144/20__/BC

AIRWAY BILL

326-|AALG|-37 55 88 66

Shippers Name and Address

Shippers Account Number

Not negotiable Air Waybill (Air Consignment note) Issued by American Airways New York Member of IATA

American Airways

MACROMIX INC. EU 567 ROADWAY 90 RAMSEY PLAZA NEW YORK

Consignee’s Name and Address

Consignee’s Account Number

Copies 1, 2 and 3 of this Air Waybill are originals and have the same validity

ZAO ELORGSM NOVINSKI 18 MOSCOW RUSSIA

It is agreed that the goods described herein are accepted in apparent good order and condition (except as noted) for carriage SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT ON THE REVERSE HEREOF. THE SHIPPER’S ATTENTION IS DRAWN OF THE NOTICE CONCERNING CARRIERS’ LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Shipper may increase such limitation of liability by declaring a higher value for carriage and paying a supplemental charge if required.

Issuing Carrier’s Agent Name and City 7th AVENUE 76 NEW YORK WE 56 H

Accounting information

Agent’s IATA Code 93-7-3031

Account No 70-3476/83

Airport of departure and requested Routing NEW YORK JFK AA

to Moscow SVO-2

Routing and Destination

Currency USD

Declared value for Carriage NVD

Declared value for Customs

By first Carrier AMERICAN AIRWAYS

x

x

Airport of Destination Moscow SVO-2

Flight/ Date AA175/14

Handling Information Also notify Mr Kolosov, 291-24-37 Moscow Russia 34 Comp Accs Nos 0011-0045 To be kept upright

No of Pieces RCP

Gross Weight (kg)

Rate Class

Chargeable Weight

Rate/ Charge $

Total

Nature and Quality of Goods (inc. Dimensions and Volume)

Commodity Item No

1360.0

Q

—

1400.00

5.0

7000.0

Computer Accessories   34 x 0.63m3

7000.0

LEAD-IN

? What does the method of transportation depend on?

? What are the main methods of transporting goods?

? What are the main advantages of road transport?

? What are the reasons for increased haulage?

? What are the advantages and disadvantages of rail transport in comparison with road transport?

? In what case is rail transport preferable?

? What are the advantages and disadvantages of air transport?

? What is the main document used in air transport?

? What does it consist of?

? What is the difference between the Bill of Lading and the AWB?

? What is a consignment note?

? Does ownership of consignment notes or the AWB mean ownership of the goods?

? Are consignment notes or the AWB negotiable?

? How can consignment notes and waybills be obtained?

? How are the freight charges calculated?

? What is a Rail Waybill?

? What does the date of a Rail Waybill indicate?

LETTER 1.1

? Why have the suppliers decided to apply to the hauliers?

? What is requested from the hauliers?

? What rate shall be quoted by the hauliers?

? What is enclosed with the letter?

? In what way have the machines been packed?

? What is the delivery date required by the supplier?

LETTER 1.2

? What does the quoted rate include?

? What is enclosed with the letter?

? What for is the supplier to fill in the enclosed instructions for dispatch form?

? Is the quoted rate firm?

? On what condition is a rebate granted by the hauliers?

LETTER 1.3

? What have the suppliers submitted to the hauliers?

? How will the goods be delivered?

? What shall the consignee do before signing the delivery note?

? What does the enclosed invoice itemize?

? What terms of payment have been agreed upon the suppliers and the customers?

WAYBILL

? Name the sender, consignee and carrier.

? What goods are sent under the waybill?

? What is the place of delivery of the goods?

? Where are the goods to be picked up?

? What is the carriage subject to?

? What documents are attached to the waybill?

? How are the goods packed?

? How is the carriage paid?

? What are the sender’s instructions?

? What are the carrier’s reservations and observations?

LETTER 2.1

? What work has been carried out by the carriers after the consignor deposited the goods in their depot?

? In what way are the boxes marked?

? When will the waybill be sent to the consignor?

? What services are provided by the carrier?

LETTER 2.2

? What is attached to the letter?

? Who has paid the carriage?

? What information is given about a new consignment?

? What is the consignor ready to do to avoid delay in delivery of the new consignment?

? What information is requested from the carrier?

RAILWAY BILL

? Name the Consignor and Consignee.

? What goods are shipped under the Rail Consignment Note?

? What information is given to the Consignee?

? What is the forwarding station?

? What is the destination station and place of delivery?

? Where are the goods cleared?

? How are the goods marked?

? Which party pays for the carriage?

LETTER 3.1

? What delivery date is stated in the letter?

? Why does the consignor want the goods forwarded by air?

? What information is the consignor interested in?

? Is the consignor going to arrange insurance?

LETTER 3.2

? When will the carriers be able to send the consignment?

? What does freight depend on?

? What does the cost of freight include?

? Who is to insure the goods?

? Why do the carriers need the commercial invoices?

? Why is the carrier's quotation for packing attached to the letter?

AIRWAYBILL

? Name the consignor, consignee and carrier.

? What goods are shipped under this Air Waybill?

? What is the airport of shipment?

? What is the airport of destination?

? What is given on the reverse side of the bill?

? How can limitation of liability be increased?

? How many copies of the Air Waybill are originals?

? What freight charges are paid under this AWB?

FOCUS 3. Study the notes, writing patterns and vocabulary.

NOTES

Consignment; to consign

При переводе вышеуказанных слов следует помнить, что имя существительное consignment может означать:

· груз; партия товаров

· консигнация

а глагол to consign:

· отправлять на консигнацию;

· передавать, поручать

Выбор правильного значения зависит от контекста.

2. via

Заимствованный из латинского, предлог via (через) широко используется в деловой переписке и может употребляться:

· для обозначения продвижения через какой-либо географический пункт;

· для указания, при помощи каких средств (посредством чего) или при участии какого лица осуществляется какое-либо действие (при отправке или передаче чего-либо).

3. G.V., P.V., V.U.

Вышеуказанные сокращения французских слов употребляются в английском языке при указании скорости транспортировки различных товар:

G.V. (grande vitesse) – товар подлежит быстрой транспортировке;

P.V. (petite vitesse) – товары, подлежащие транспортировке в обычном порядке;

V.U. (vitesse unique) – скорость транспортировки товаров особо не оговаривается.

WRITING PATTERNS

1.	The goods have been carefully packed and are fully protected against knocks and scratches.	Товар тщательно упакован и полностью защищен от ударов и царапин.
2.	We will collect the consignment for dispatch by the next available opportunity.	Мы заберем груз для перевозки (отправки) в самое ближайшее время, как только появится транспортное средство.
3.	Our rates are subject to alteration without previous notice, except in the case of special contract.	Если нет особой договоренности об обратном, наши ставки могут быть изменены без предварительного уведомления.
4.	We can offer you a substantial rebate for regular service.	Мы можем предложить значительную скидку в случае регулярных перевозок.
5.	Could you please check that consignment is complete and undamaged, and tick the box "contents have been examined".	Пожалуйста, убедитесь в том, что груз доставлен комплектно и в неповрежденном состоянии, и поставьте галочку в графе "Содержимое ящиков осмотрено".
6.	We have enclosed our invoice for $… itemizing the net price and the cost of shipping, and will add the sum to your monthly statement.	Прилагаем счет-фактуру на сумму … долларов США, с разбивкой общей суммы цены на цену-нетто и стоимость перевозки. Мы включим эту сумму в выписку Вашего счета у нас за месяц.
7.	We are pleased to state that we have acted in full compliance with your request.	Рады сообщить, что мы действовали в полном соответствии с Вашими указаниями.
8.	The boxes are marked Fragile and Keep Away From Heat.	На ящики нанесена маркировка "Хрупкий груз" и "Не нагревать".
9.	We would also be glad to procure a wider range of service to your company.	Мы будем рады предоставлять Вашей фирме более широкий объем услуг.
10.	We undertake all formalities on behalf of our clients.	Мы выполняем все формальности от лица наших клиентов.
11.	Our company is equipped to handle any product.	Наше оборудование позволяет производить упаковочные и погрузочно-разгрузочные работы при перевозке любых товаров.
12.	We provide all the necessary internal fitments, bracing member and cushioning to avoid shock.	Мы обеспечиваем все необходимые внутренние прокладки, крепежные элементы и подушки для смягчения ударов во время транспортировки.
13.	It is imperative we meet the deadline, which is…	Нам необходимо осуществить поставку в установленный срок, а именно до…
14.	In view of the fragile nature of the goods we require them to be forwarded by air.	Учитывая хрупкость товара, нам необходимо отправить его самолетом.
15.	Could you please quote charges for insurance.	Сообщите, пожалуйста, стоимость страхования.
16.	We would like to draw your attention to our packing services.	Мы хотели бы обратить Ваше внимание на предоставляемые нами услуги по упаковке грузов.

VOCABULARY

LEAD-IN
to limit handling	- минимизировать погрузочно-разгрузочные работы
documents of title to/of the goods	- товарораспорядительные документы
consignor antconsignee	- грузоотправитель - грузополучатель
marine transportation synsea transportation syntransportation by sea	- морские перевозки, морская транспортировка
overland transportation synland transportation synsurface transportation	- наземные перевозки, сухопутная транспортировка
air transportation synair carriage syntransportation by air synair conveyance	- воздушные перевозки, воздушная транспортировка
transportation by combined transport syncombined transportation	- комбинированные перевозки, транспортировка разными (смешанными) видами транспорта
bulk transportation synbulk haulage	- бестарные перевозки, перевозки массовых грузов
road transport synmotor transport	- автомобильный транспорт
rail transport	- железнодорожный транспорт
air transport synair service	- воздушный транспорт, авиационный транспорт
marine transport synsea transport	- морской транспорт
freight transport syncargo transport syntruck transport	- грузовой транспорт
haulage syntransportation syncarriage synconveyance · road haulage	- перевозки, транспортировка - автодорожная грузовая перевозка
to haul synto transport synto carry synto convey synto ship synto handle transportation	- перевозить, транспортировать
trucking · motor trucking	- перевозка автотранспортом - автомобильные перевозки грузов
door-to-door service · door-to-door delivery	- перевозки грузов со склада грузоотправителя на склад грузополучателя («от двери до двери») - поставка груза со склада грузоотправителя на склад грузополучателя
trans(s)hipment	- перегрузка, перевалка
wagon synvan · open wagon antclosed wagon · refrigerated wagon · tank (wagon)	- грузовой вагон - открытый вагон - закрытый вагон - рефрижераторный вагон - вагон-цистерна - вагон-цистерна для перевозки жидких грузов
bulk commodities · bulk commodity synbulk cargo synbulk freight bulk consignments synlarge lot	- массовые товары - навалочный, наливной, насыпной груз; бестарный груз   - крупная партия (груза)
perishable goods synperishable product synperishables synperishable cargo synperishable freight synperishables	- 1) скоропортящийся товар - 2) скоропортящийся груз
consignment note synwaybill	- грузовая накладная, транспортная накладная; товаросопроводительная накладная
AWB – air waybill synairway bill synair consignment note synAFB – air freight bill	- авиагрузовая накладная
road consignment note synroad waybill synmotor waybill syntruck bill of lading	- автодорожная накладная
railway bill synrailroad waybill synrailroad bill of lading	- железнодорожная накладная
BL – Bill of Lading	- коносамент
instructions for despatch syndespatching instructions synshipping instructions	- инструкции по отправке (груза), указания грузоотправителя
receipt	- расписка, квитанция
LETTER 1.1
to resort to one's service	- пользоваться чьими-либо услугами
automatic loom	- автоматический ткацкий станок
inclusive rate synall-in rate	- ставка с учетом всех услуг
to collect a consignment synto pick up a consignment	- забирать груз, партию товара
polythene wrapping	- упаковка из полиэтилена
corrugated paper wrapping	- упаковка из гофрированной бумаги
LETTER 1.2
to fill out a form synto fill in a form	- заполнять бланк
rebate · to grant a rebate	- скидка - предоставлять скидку
regular service	- зд. регулярные перевозки
LETTER 1.3
haulier (Am.E. – hauler) synsurface carrier synhaulage firm	- зд. перевозчик, транспортная компания, компания наземного транспорта
routing order	- инструкции о пути следования груза
lorry syntruck	- грузовик
van	- фургон
to consign to smb	- поручать кому-либо что-либо
delivery note synconsignment note synadvice of delivery	- 1.зд. транспортная накладная 2. извещение о доставке
LETTER 2.1
to deposit goods synto store synto warehouse	- разметить товар (на складе)
depot	- склад
checker's mark syncheckmark	- отметка контролера, контрольная отметка
packer's number	- номер упаковщика
to procure services	- зд. предоставлять услуги
to undertake formalities on one's behalf	- выполнять формальности от чьего-либо имени
to clear documents	- зд. оформлять документы, подтверждающие таможенную очистку товаров
folder	- досье, папка с документами
precision packing	- зд. упаковка, требующая применения особых методов и материалов, отвечающих особенностям товара
bulky product synbulky goods	- громоздкие товары
internal fitments	- внутренние прокладки
bracing members	- крепежные элементы
cushioning	- подушки, упругие прокладки
to avoid shock	- зд. смягчать удары
LETTER 2.2
carriage paid ant carriage forward	- за перевозку уплачено, стоимость перевозки оплачена - за перевозку не уплачено, стоимость перевозки подлежит оплате грузополучателем
ferry · ferry transportation syntransportation by ferry	- паром - паромные перевозки
train-ferry transportation syncombined train-ferry transportation	- смешанные железнодорожно-паромные перевозки
road-ship-road transportation syncombined road-ship-road transportation	- смешанные автомобильно-водные перевозки
G.V. – fast goods · G.V. rate	- товары, подлежащие быстрой транспортировке - стоимость перевозки товаров, подлежащих быстрой транспортировке
via	- через
LETTER 3.1
nature	- сущность, основное свойство, характер
fragile goods	- хрупкий, бьющийся товар (груз)
fragile nature of goods	- хрупкость товара (груза)
freight rate syncarrier rate synshipping rate · present freight rate syncurrent freight rate	- фрахтовая ставка - текущая фрахтовая ставка
charges for insurance syninsurance expenses syninsurance costs · cost of insurance	- расходы по страхованию - стоимость страхования
time of transit	- продолжительность перевозки
frequency of flights	- частота авиарейсов
LETTER 3.2
box syncase · case · package	- ящик - место груза - тюк, кипа, место груза
cost of freight	- стоимость перевозки
customs clearance	- таможенная очистка
handling charges	- расходы на погрузочно-разгрузочные работы
despatch form	- бланк инструкций по отправке грузов
parcel	- мелкая партия груза; зд. партия товара
to arrange insurance	- организовать страхование

FOCUS 8. Role play

1. An English supplier of machinery wants to ship a consignment to Russia. He meets a representative of shipping agents and discusses possible routes, freight charges, delivery dates, packing and other particulars relating to the forwarding of the consignment in question.

2. You are a Russian exporter of tools. You have received an urgent order from a foreign customer and you must dispatch the goods as soon as possible as you are to meet the deadline stated by your customer. Meet a representative of the Carriers you have been cooperating with for a long time and ask him to advise you on the matter and arrange for the transport of the consignment in question in the most rapid way in order to avoid any delay. Choose either variant:

Ø your customer is from any country outside Europe;

Ø your customer is from any European country.

DIALOGUE 1

-	Г-н Кларк, наша компания заключила контракт на поставку медицинских инструментов с английской фирмой. Мы заинтересованы в получении товара в самые короткие сроки, поэтому готовы рассмотреть возможность поставки самолетом. По условиям контракта транспортные расходы – за наш счет, в связи с этим мы хотели бы узнать стоимость авиаперевозки из Лондона в Москву.
-	Mr. Tushin, freight depends on the size and weight of boxes. The cost of freight Heathrow/Sheremetyevo is £3 per kilo plus £2 for air waybill, and £15 for customs clearance and handling charges.
-	Ваши ставки вполне приемлемы для нас. Не могли бы Вы сообщить стоимость страхования?
-	I'm sorry, but you will have to arrange your own insurance.
-	Хорошо, мы займемся этим вопросом. А какова частота авиарейсов?
-	There are daily flights from London to Moscow.
-	Значит, мы сможем получить инструменты в ближайшее время. Нас также беспокоит сохранность груза во время полета и погрузочно-разгрузочных работ.
-	Your counterparts can apply to us to have the consignment packed properly as we provide a wide range of packing services.
-	Благодарю Вас, г-н Кларк, за подробную консультацию. Я думаю, мы согласимся на авиаперевозку.

DIALOGUE 2

-	Г-н Баттеркап, мы получили Ваши расценки, и готовы поручить перевозку товара от нашего склада до склада грузополучателя Вашей транспортной компании. Когда Вы сможете забрать груз?
-	I'm very pleased to hear it, Mr. Tsvetikov. We will collect the consignment for dispatch by the next available overland opportunity after you have filled in our instructions for dispatch form.
-	А когда мы получим транспортную накладную?
-	Our driver will hand you the consignment note when he collects the consignment.
-	Отлично. Г-н Баттеркап, мы хотели бы узнать, предоставляете ли Вы скидки.
-	Well, we can offer a substantial rebate for regular service.
-	Хотя мы впервые обратились к Вашей компании, все предлагаемые Вами условия весьма выгодны. Я надеюсь, что мы продолжим сотрудничество и в дальнейшем.
-	We are always at your service.

DIALOGUE 3

-	Mr. Zubov, our firm has received an urgent order from a Russian importer. We are willing to establish firm business relations with this company, that's why we must be sure that we won't let them down and will be able to deliver the goods by the end of the month. We've heard that you are very experienced in hauling goods from Great Britain to Russia and we've decided to choose you as a carrier.
-	Спасибо, г-н Спайк. Действительно, наша транспортная компания осуществляет регулярные перевозки из Великобритании в Россию. Мы можем забрать Ваш товар в самые короткие сроки. Какой вид перевозки Вас интересует и в какой город необходимо доставить груз?
-	We are to deliver the goods to Saratov. As to the method of transportation, we would like you to suggest the most rapid one.
-	Г-н Спайк, мы можем предложить Вам смешанные железнодорожно-паромные или автомобильно-водные перевозки. Я хотел бы узнать, повлияет ли стоимость транспортировки на Ваш выбор?
-	Mr. Zubov, the rapidity of transportation is of utmost importance to us, so we are ready to bear extra charges to avoid delay in delivery. If it is absolutely necessary, we agree to pay the GV rate by train-ferry.
-	Г-н Спайк, наши специалисты рассмотрят все возможные варианты, а также подсчитают стоимость перевозки тем или иным способом. Выбор, в любом случае, будет за Вами.
-	Very good, Mr. Zubov. Will you undertake formalities on our behalf?
-	Да, мы обычно выполняем все формальности от имени наших клиентов, включая прохождение таможни и оформление всех необходимых документов.
-	Thank you very much, Mr. Zubov, I will be waiting for your information.

DIALOGUE 4

-	Г-н Гроув, я хотел бы узнать, как обстоят дела с товарами по заказу № 293-А, размещенными нами на Вашем складе.
-	Mr. Basov, we have acted in full compliance with your instructions and the goods of your Order 293-A are packed and ready for dispatch.
-	Очень хорошо, г-н Гроув. Меня также интересует, какая маркировка нанесена на ящики. Вы знаете, насколько этот момент важен во время погрузочно-разгрузочных работ.
-	You are quite right, Mr. Basov. The boxes are marked FRAGILE and DO NOT TURN OVER. Besides there is our checker's mark on the side of each box.
-	Прекрасно. Скажите, пожалуйста, а как выглядит контрольная отметка?
-	It is a blue label with a packer's number and date on it.
-	Я вижу, Вы тщательно выполнили наши инструкции по упаковке и маркировке, и мы очень рады, что обратились к Вашей транспортной компании. А когда мы получим грузовую накладную?
-	After you have filled in, signed and returned the shipping instructions form to us I will hand you in the waybill.
-	Спасибо, г-н Гроув. Я надеюсь, что мы продолжим сотрудничество с Вашей компанией.
-	Glad to hear it, Mr. Basov. We would like to provide a wider range of services to your company. I have brought a folder which will show you the types of packing we specialize in. Our company is equipped to handle any type of goods. We can collect your goods to be packed by any method required for transport by sea, air, or road and arrange shipments to any European country as well as to countries outside Europe.

TRANSPORTATION

FOCUS 1. Read and discuss the lead-in and the letters.

LEAD-IN

	The method a consignor chooses to deliver the goods depends on whether his main consideration is speed, direct delivery, limiting handling, or economy, and this obviously relates to the type of consignment being sent.   The three main methods of transporting goods, besides shipping which will be dealt with in block Marine Transportation, are road, rail, and air.   Road transport tends to be comparatively cheaper and more direct than rail. It offers a door-to-door service. In the past few years haulage has increased dramatically due to faster services, road improvements and the introduction of containers, which allow for bulk transportation. Rail transport is faster than road, which is necessary especially when transporting perishable goods. It can haul bulk commodities in greater volume than road transporters. Transhipment, i.e. transferring the goods from train to truck, can still be a problem. Rail transport tends to be comparatively more expensive than road haulage. Sometimes special wagons, both open and closed, are used, and these include refrigerated wagons for perishable goods and tanks for liquids being transported in bulk. Air transport. Some goods lose value over time or deteriorate; therefore air transport is used for speed, particularly over long distances. Insurance tends to be cheaper as consignments spend less time in transit. However, with bulk consignments, air is much more expensive, and can be uneconomical.

	Documents used in transporting the goods The main document used in air transport is Air waybill (AWB), which consists of copies distributed to the airline, exporter, importer, and customs. Unlike the Bill of Lading the AWB is only a receipt and cannot be transferred to another person. Consignment notes are used in road and rail transportation, and like the Air waybill they are receipts and are not documents of title so ownership of the document does not mean ownership of the goods. They are not negotiable, i.e. they cannot be bought, sold, transferred by the consignor or the consignee. The waybill is sometimes the main transportation document in shipment by truck. Consignment notes and waybills are obtained by the consignor filling out an instructions for dispatch form, and paying the freight charges. These charges are calculated in size (volume), weight, or value, and sometimes risk, particularly if special precautions are to be taken. Rail Waybill serves as a shipping document. The date stamped on the Rail Waybill by the frontier station authorities or customs may confirm crossing the border or may be considered the date of delivery.