Render the text in English. Use the following words and phrases.
1) гражданское, промышленное и гидротехническое строительство – civil, industrial and hydraulic engineering construction;
2) монтаж – assembly; демонтаж –dismantling, disassembly;
3) поворотная башня – rotary tower, неповоротная башня – non-rotary tower;
4) приставной кран – attachment crane;
Каркас здания – building frame
Башенные краны используют в гражданском, промышленном и гидротехническом строительстве. Конструкция башенных кранов позволяет быстро осуществлять их монтаж и демонтаж и перевозку автотранспортом. Они выполняются обычно крюковыми с поворотной и неповоротной башней, которая при большой высоте может наращиваться.
Башенные краны обычно передвигаются по рельсам, а при значительной высоте выполняются также приставными (опираются на землю и на каркас строящегося здания).
Башенные краны на автомобильном, пневмоколёсном и гусеничном ходу изготовляются на базе обычных стреловых кранов.
Вылет строительных кранов достигает 40 м, высота подъёма 150 м; скорости движений: подъёма груза 10—100 м/мин, вращения 0,2—1,0 об/мин, передвижения крана 10—30 м/мин. Грузоподъёмность достигает 75 т (при минимальном вылете).
Listening
Video 10
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1) What is the jib length of the new 380 EC B-16 Litronic crane on display at Intermat 2012 in Paris?
2) How many trucks are needed to transport the crane?
3) Why did Liebherr install many catwalks and handrails on the crane?
4) What is the lifting capacity on the jib head?
5) What reasons does Solumat have for buying a new 380 EC-B crane from Liebherr according to Jonathan Lengsavath?
6) How many cranes did Solumat order?
Word list
| 1. | bogie | тележка ходового устройства |
| 2. | counter jib | противовесная консоль |
| 3. | counterweight ['kauntəweɪt] | противовес |
| 4. | erect eraction | возводить возведение |
| 5. | hook | крюк |
| 6. | hook block | крюковая подвеска |
| 7. | mast | башня |
| 8. | slewing ring [sluːıŋ] | опорно-поворотный круг |
| 9. | tower ['tauə] | башня |
| 10. | tower crane ['tauə] | башенный кран |
| 11. | trolley | тележка |
| 12. | undercarriage | ходовое устройство |
Checklist
Assess your progress in this unit. Say what statements are true about you.
1) I know the meaning of the words from the word list.
2) My listening and reading are good enough to understand most of each text in this unit.
3) I can describe different types of cranes.
WebProject
Find information about Bauma (2016, 2019), the World’s Leading Trade Fair for Construction, Building Material and Mining Machines and Construction Vehicles and Equipment. Get ready to present information about this fair, participating companies, and some products that they demonstrate there.
Part II TRACK MAINTENANCE MACHINES
Unit 1 RAILROAD TRACK
Start up
Work in small groups. Talk about the role the railroad plays in the transport system of our country.
Text A
Read the text and match the numbers in the picture with the words.
RAILS AND FITTINGS
The most common type of railroad track consists of two steel rails, fastened to wooden or concrete crossties placed in ballast bed, which in turn is supported by the formation. The formation comprises the subgrade and a layer of sand. The primary function of the track structure is to distribute the loads from train traffic over the subgrade.
Rail is the most expensive material in the track. It consists of a head, a web and a base (or foot). The functions of the rail are to transfer a train’s weight to ties, provide a smooth running surface and guide wheels of vehicles.
The spike is the most common way of fastening the rails to wooden ties. It is standard practice to seat the rail in a tie plate that distributes the load over a wider area of the tie.
A bolt, screw or clip fitting must be used to attach rails to concrete ties. A pad of rubber or other resilient material is always used between the rail and a concrete tie. The rail anchor keeps the rails from creeping as the train passes over.
Rails are joined to each other by joint bars also called fishplates. The joint is the weakest part of the track structure.
Today, all main lines use continuous welded rail as it is much easier to maintain than the jointed rail that required being bolted together. Сontinuous welded rails have a longer life than the short rails, they give to the railroad track a smoother riding quality, and since there is less danger of rail failures, they permit the operation of trains at higher speeds.
Insulated joints are used in tracks having track circuits. They prevent the electrical current from flowing between the ends of two adjoining rails.
Gauge is the width between the inside faces of running rails. About three-fifths of the rail trackage in the world is the so-called standard gauge of 4 feet 8.5 inches (1,452 millimetres). Russia’s gauge is 5-feet (1,520 millimetres).
On curves the outer rail may be at a higher level than the inner rail.
a) joint bar / fishplate, b) nut, c) rail, d) ballast, e) spike, f) joint, g) chair / tie plate, h) bolt,
i) tie / sleeper
Vocabulary
Did you know?
| British English | American English | ||
| 1. | railway | railroad | железная дорога |
| 2. | sleeper | crosstie / tie | шпала |
| 3. | fastenings | fittings | скрепления |
| 4. | fishplate | joint bar | cтыковая накладка |
| 5. | chair | tie plate | подкладка |
| 6. | foot | base | подошва (рельса) |
| 7. | point | switch | стрелка |
| 8. | crossing | frog | крестовина |
| 9. | point blades | switch rails | остряки |