IV. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Представление о бизнесе расширилось в настоящее время. 2. Традиционно это слово распространенно во многих языках. 3. Производство означает превращение в товары материалов или услуг. 4. Транспортировка – это перемещение товаров от производителя к потребителю. 5. Продажа товаров и услуг – это обмен на деньги. 6. Обязательным элементом бизнеса есть получение прибыли. 7. Прибыль – это деньги, остающиеся после оплаты всех расходов. 8. Прибыль – главная цель коммерческого предприятия. 9. Существуют три основные формы организации бизнеса. 10. Бизнесом могут заниматься как физические, так и юридические лица.
Text 2
What is business?
Business is based on common sense. People concentrate on doing certain things that they are good at. Then they exchange their work for money which can in its turn be exchanged for the goods and services which they require. This is much more efficient than if each person worked purely to satisfy his or her own needs. There are many different types of business in the modern world. They range from very small ones to enormous multinational companies.
Every business either provides a service, produces goods or buys and sells goods and services for a profit (this is called trading). Many are involved in all these activities. The following are the main areas of business going on around you every day.
Which of the business activities each business entails? Financial services: banking and insurance. Retail trade business – shops which sell goods. The hotel and catering businesses. Communication business: telephone, mail and courier services. Transportation businesses which move materials, products and people from place to place by road, rail, sea and air. Public services: police, fire brigades, armed forces and local and central governments.
Business is not an easy thing. It's rather a difficult kind of human activity. It has many important elements such as money, taxes, customers, transport, banks and others. There are two general types of business: small business and big business.
Why do people do business? Why do they like small business? People do business by producing goods or providing services. They buy and sell goods. They do business for a profit. There is no business without a profit. Production of goods is very profitable, provision of different services is profitable too. Communications are a good business too, for example, telephone, telegraph and mail services. Financial services, for example, banking and insurance, work very well, too.
So, people do different types of business for a profit. Doing business has become very popular everywhere. For example, the whole families in America run small businesses now. At present it is very popular to be a businessman or a businesswoman. It should be noted that women, like men, successfully run a firm or a company, they prove to be good bank managers or shop keepers. Briefly speaking, doing business is a comparatively new and perspective tendency in modern life.
There are three main types of business: a sole trader (you alone have responsibility for the business and you take all profits after paying income tax on them); a partnership (a group of between two or twenty people trading as one firm, and share responsibility for debts, decision-making and the profits); a limited company/Ltd. (a company formed by two or more shareholders who put money into the business in return for a share of the profits).
Vocabulary
to be based on common sense – основываться на здравом смысле
to be good at – разбираться, успевать
to require – требовать
to satisfy needs – удовлетворять потребности
to range from … to – варьироваться; начиная с … и кончая
to provide services – предлагать услуги
to produce goods – производить товары
to buy goods – покупать товар
to sell goods – продавать товар
trading – торговля; коммерция
to be involved in business activities – быть вовлеченным в деловую деятельность
banking – банковское дело
insurance – страхование
retail trade – розничная торговля
catering – общественное питание
public services – общественные службы
fire brigades – пожарные команды
armed forces – вооруженные силы
to do business – вести дела, заключать сделки, вести торговлю
profitable – прибыльный, выгодный, доходный, рентабельный
to run a firm – управлять фирмой
sole trader – единоличный предприниматель
income tax – подоходный налог
to trade – торговать, вести торговлю
to share responsibility for debts – разделять ответственность за долги
to make a decision – принять решение
limited company – компания с ограниченной ответственностью
to put money into the business – вкладывать деньги в бизнес
in return for – в обмен на
I. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
to be good at; to require; to buy and to sell goods; trading; to be involved in all these activities; banking; insurance; retail trade; catering; to do business; profitable; to put money into the business; in return for a share of the profits.
II. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations:
основываться на здравом смысле; удовлетворять потребности; предлагать услуги; производить товары; управлять фирмой; единоличный предприниматель; подоходный налог; торговать; разделять ответственность за долги; принять решение; компания с ограниченной ответственностью.