Read the following words and their translation

to prevent smuggling   preferential trade agreements public health and safety legislation   counterfeiting and piracy legislation   external trade statistics procedure manual circumvention of Customs law fraud evasion of duties trade transaction to facilitate international trade   revenue collection

предотвращать (пресекать) провоз контрабанды преференциальные торговые соглашения законодательство по вопросам здравоохранения и общественной безопасности законодательство по вопросам фальсификаций и нарушений авторских прав статистика внешней торговли справочник таможенных процедур нарушение таможенных правил путем обмана обман, мошенничество уклонение от налогов торговая сделка содействовать развитию международной торговли сбор доходов

12.3.1 Scan the text B and make a statement of 5-8 sentences summarizing

the contents of the text:

Text B

The Problems Facing the Customs Administrations of Today

We live in a rapidly changing world. Things which we regard as commonplace today, world-wide telecommunications via satellite, space travel, the micro-processor, were scarcely conceivable just a few decades ago.

In recent times the world has also changed from the Customs' perspective. The traditional Customs responsibilities of collecting duties and taxes and preventing smuggling still remain with us but Customs cannot afford to ignore the changing world conditions which have a major impact on their work.

Some Customs authorities are responsible for such diverse tasks as immigration control and the enforcement of commercial policy through the implementation of preferential trade agreements, the operation of quotas and the application of restrictions, the application of public health and safety legislation, quarantine controls, currency controls, counterfeiting and piracy legislation and the collection of external trade statistics. These are just a few of the non-traditional areas in which Customs are now becoming increasingly involved. Trade demands for additional services such as deferred payment of duty have also had their effect on Customs.

The application of all these added responsibilities has led inevitably to an increase in the complexity of Customs regulations. Tariff books and procedure manuals are becoming significantly more detailed. Officials, who in the past applied a fairly simplified tariff schedule specifying Customs duties on a limited range of goods, are now faced with the increased complexities of tariffs based on the Harmonized System. It is becoming increasingly difficult in some countries for Customs officers to be aware of all existing regulations affecting importations. This has led to a lack of uniformity in the application of the law. It provides increased opportunities for the circumvention of Customs law and produces an ideal environment for the spread of practices such as irregular payments. Customs can expect an increased workload from increasing international trade and traffic. The problems of smuggling, therefore that the manner in which Customs Services conduct their business has a substantial impact on trade efficiency.

Governments throughout the world recognize the value of Customs Services in their national economies and realize that the service being provided by Customs is one they cannot easily dispense with. However, they are also beginning to see the dangers of inefficient Customs Services. As a result, Customs Services around the world are re-examining the way they operate and deal with their customers. The challenge is to facilitate the international trade process at a minimum cost to economy, and without compromising the collection of revenue or the protection of the community from illegal cross-border movements of goods.

(3000 symbols)

12.3.2 Look through the text again and write out all word combinations with the word "Customs" used attributively and translate them into Russian:

1 Customs administrations	6 _____________
2 _____________	7 _____________
3 _____________	8 _____________
4 _____________	9 _____________

	5 _____________	10 ____________
	12.3.4 Match the words from the text with their corresponding
	definitions on the right (a - h).
		VERBS
	enforce	a) keep from happening, hinder
	facilitate	b) to put off to a future time, postpone
	prevent	c) give force to, make effective
	afford	d) grow, become greater in size, amount, etc.
	defer	e) do without
	increase	f) help, assist; make easy
	dispense with	g) make an imitation, copy in order to deceive
	counterfeit	h) give, supply
		NOUNS
	manual	a) getting round a law, rule
	fraud	b) giving force to
	revenue	c) a handy book for use as a guide, reference, etc.
	regulations	d) amount of work
5 circumvention	e) criminal deception, cheating
	enforcement	f) strong influence
	workload	g) rule, order, law
8 impact	h) income