Be ready to talk about the main periods of the Russian Customs development using the information given below

10^th century	Customs Service in Kievan Rus
	First Customs House in Novgorod
16^th century	the appearance of the Customs Charter
	introduction of the Trade Statute
	First Customs Code

December 14, 1924 Customs Statute of the USSR December 19, 1928 first Customs Code of the USSR

October 25, 1991 Decree “On the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation”

August 4, 1985 Decree by the President of the Russian Federation setting October 25 as Russian Customs Officer’s Day

Read the text and translate it using the dictionary

Text B

History of the U.S. Customs Service

The U.S. Customs Service has a long history. With ratification by the necessary number of states, the Constitution of the United States went into effect on March 4, 1789. A bit more than four months later, on July 31 of that year, the U.S. Customs Service started operating, among the very first of the federal agencies to come to life. It was given a life-and-death mission.

The young nation was then on the brink of bankruptcy. The first Congress and President Washington agreed that the collection of duties on imported goods was essential if the United States were to survive.

Only a few days after Customs drew its first breath, on August 5, 1789, the power of the service went from theory to reality when Captain James Weeks sailed his brigatine, Persis, into New York harbor with a miscellaneous cargo from Leghorn, Italy. The duty on the cargo - the first such payment ever made to the United States Treasury - was $774.41.

While the payment was modest, it was the initial fiscal prop for a very young and shaky government. More was to come. In its first year of operation, the service collected over $2 million in duties. And for the next 124 years -- until that moment in 1913 when the amendment authorizing the income tax was approved -- customs remained a major source of revenue for the federal government. Thus the Customs Service, especially in the early years of the nation, proved the truth of that profound maxim: "the revenue of the state is the state."

As described in the strategic plan of the U.S.Customs, the agency faces five distinct strategic challenges. They are: the continued threat of narcotics smuggling, terrorists, the growth of world trade, the proliferation of trade agreements and general public resistance to increasing the budget of the federal government.

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10.4.1 What do these numbers and dates mentioned in the text refer to:

124 $2 million 1913 March 4 $774.41 1789

10.4.2 Match these statements as true or false:

1) The Constitution of the USA went into effect on July31, 1789.

2) The agency faces four strategic challenges.

3) In its first year of operation the service collected over $2 million in duties.

4) Customs remained a major source of revenue for the federal government until the income tax was approved.

5) The U.S. Customs Service was among the very first of the federal agencies to come to life.

10.5 Do you know that on a typical day, U.S. Customs and Border Protection...

Protects more than:	Manages:
5,000 miles of border with Canada	317 ports of entry
1,900 miles of border with Mexico	20 sectors with 33 border checkpoints
95,000 miles of shoreline	between the ports of entry

Processes more than:

1.1 million passengers and pedestrians, including 724,192 aliens, 64,432 truck, rail, and sea containers, 2,639 aircraft, 365,079 vehicles, 75,734 merchandise entries, and collected $74 million in revenue

Executes more than:	Refuses entry of:
135 arrests at ports of entry	1,237 non-citizens at our ports of entry
3,179 arrests between ports of entry	54 criminal aliens attempting to enter
	the United States

Seizes an average of:

2,313 pounds of narcotics in 131 narcotic seizures at our ports of entry 3,634 pounds of narcotics in 24 seizures between our ports of entry $205,576 in currency; 193 firearms; 49 vehicles between our ports of entry 4,224 prohibited plant materials or animal products, including 189 significant agriculture pest interceptions at our ports of entry

Rescues more than:	Intercepts more than:
4 illegal crossers in dangerous	210 fraudulent documents
conditions between our ports of entry	1 traveler for terrorism/national
	security concerns; 1 stowaway