Наиболее употребительные неправильные глаголы
Приложения.
Справочная таблица личных и притяжательных местоимений
Местоимения | ||
Личные | Притяжательные | |
Именительный падеж | Объектный падеж (со- | Отвечают На вопрос |
ответствует русским | чей? Употребляются пе- | |
косвенным падежам) | ред существительным | |
I-я | mе -мне, меня | mу -мой, моя |
you -ты, Вы | you -тебя, тебе, Вас, | your -твой, твое, Ваш, |
Вам | Ваша | |
he-он | him- ему, его | his -его |
she —она | her -ей, её | her-её |
it -он, она, оно | it -его, её, ему, ей | its -его, её |
we-мы | us-нас, нам | our -наш, наша |
you -вы | you -вас, вам | your -ваш, ваша |
they-они | them -их, им | their -их |
I. Наиболее употребительные суффиксы существительных:
-ег/ог — teacher, writer, actor, doctor
-ist — scientist, artist
-ment — movement, development, government
-ess — fortress, hostess, actress
-ian — musician, technician, politician
-ance — distance, importance, appearance
-(t)ion — revolution, translation, operation
-ity/-ty — popularity; honesty, morality, ability
-hood — childhood, neighbourhood
-y — energy, assembly
-ship — friendship, leadership
-age — passage, marriage
-ism — heroism, socialism, capitalism
-ant — assistant, consultant
-ence — conference, silence, difference
-ure — culture, picture, agriculture
-ing — building, reading, meeting
-dom — freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-sion/ssion — revision, session, discussion
-ness — happiness, illness, darkness
(-s)ure — pleasure, treasure, measure
II. Префиксы существительных:
re- — reconstruction,
со- — cooperation, coexistence
dis- — disadvantage, discomfort, distaste
in — inaccuracy, independence
mis- — misunderstanding, misprinting, misinformation
im- — impossibility, impatience
un- — unemployment, unconcern, unreality
il- — illegality, illiteracy.
III. Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы глаголов:
-еn — deepen, lighten, strengthen
-fy — classify, electrify, specify
-ize — organize, characterize, mechanize
-ate — indicate, activate, translate
со- — cooperate, coexist, collaborate
de- — decode, decompose, demobilize
dis- — disbelieve, disapprove, disappear
in- — input, inlay, incut, indrawn
im- — immigrate, impart, implant;
inter- — interact, interchange, interdepend
ir- — irradiate, irrigate, irritate
over- — overcome, overheat, overhear, overlook
re- — readjust, rebuild, reconstruct, rewrite
mis- — misprint, misunderstand, miscount.
IV. Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и префиксы прилагательных
-ful — careful, beautiful, useful, powerful
-ant — distant, important, resistant
-ous — famous, dangerous, various
-ed — talented, developed, interested
-ing — interesting, disappointing
-al — natural, cultural, territorial
-ent — dependent, transparent, different
-ish — Spanish, British, boyish, Irish
-ible — possible, terrible, visible, convertible
-able — comfortable, miserable
-ic — atomic, historic, poetic, heroic
-y — rainy, busy, sunny, windy, dirty
-less — hopeless, lifeless, useless, homeless
-ary — ordinary, revolutionary, necessary
-ive — inventive, effective, impressive, detective
-ian — Russian, Canadian, Rumanian
Префиксы
un- — unhappy, unable, uncomfortable
in- — independent, indirect, invisible
dis- — disappointing, discouraging, disconnecting
im- — impossible, imperfect, immoral, immaterial
non- — non-ferrous, non-governmental
ir- — irregular, irresponsible, irrational
post- — post-war, post-operational
inter- — interdependent, interchangeable, international
il- — illegal, illiberal, illimitable.
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
Infinitive (to+…) | Past | Participle II | Participle I | Перевод |
arise | arose | arisen | arising | подниматься |
awake | awoke | awoke, awaked | awaking | просыпаться. |
be | was/were | been | being | быть |
bear | bore | born, borne | bearing | родить; (вы)носить |
beat | beat | beaten | beating | бить |
become | became | become | becoming | делаться, становиться |
begin | began | begun | beginning | начинать |
bend | bent | bent | bending | гнуть |
bind | bound | bound | binding | связывать |
bite | bit | bitten | biting | кусать |
bleed | bled | bled | bleeding | истекать кровью |
blow | blew | blown | blowing | дуть |
break | broke | broken | breaking | ломать |
breed | bred | bred | breeding | воспитывать |
bring | brought | brought | bringing | приносить |
build | built | built | building | строить |
burn | burnt | burnt | burning | гореть, жечь |
buy | bought | bought | buying | покупать |
cast | cast | cast | casting | кидать |
catch | caught | caught | catching | ловить, схватывать |
choose | chose | chosen | choosing | выбирать |
come | came | come | coming | приходить |
cost | cost | cost | costing | стоить |
cut | cut | cut | cutting | резать, рубить |
deal | dealt | dealt | dealing | общаться; рассматривать вопрос |
dig | dug | dug | digging | рыть, копать |
do | did | done | doing | делать |
draw | drew | drawn | drawing | тащить; рисовать |
dream | dreamt | dreamt | dreaming | мечтать; видеть во сне |
drink | drank | drunk | drinking | пить |
drive | drove | driven | driving | везти машину |
eat | ate | eaten | eating | есть |
fall | fell | fallen | falling | падать |
feed | fed | fed | feeding | кормить |
feel | felt | felt | feeling | чувствовать |
fight | fought | fought | fighting | бороться, сражаться |
find | found | found | finding | находить |
flee | fled | fled | fleeing | бежать, спасаться |
fly | flew | flown | flying | летать |
forget | forgot | forgotten | forgetting | забывать |
get | got | got | getting | получать; становиться |
give | gave | given | giving | давать |
go | went | gone | going | идти, ходить |
grow | grew | grown | growing | расти, становиться |
hang | hung | hung | hanging | вешать, висеть |
have | had | had | having | иметь |
hear | heard | heard | hearing | слышать |
hide | hid | hidden | hiding | прятать |
hold | held | held | holding | держать |
hurt | hurt | hurt | hurting | причинять боль, болеть (что-то) |
keep | kept | kept | keeping | держать, хранить |
know | knew | known | knowing | знать |
lead | led | led | leading | вести |
learn | learnt | learnt | learning | учить |
leave | left | left | leaving | оставлять, покидать |
lend | lent | lent | lending | давать взаймы |
let | let | let | letting | позволять, сдавать в наем |
lie | lay | lain | lying | лежать |
light | lit | lit | lighting | зажигать |
lose | lost | lost | losing | терять |
make | made | made | making | делать |
mean | meant | meant | meaning | значить |
meet | met | met | meeting | встречать |
put | put | put | putting | класть |
read | read | read | reading | читать |
ride | rode | ridden | riding | ездить верхом |
ring | rang | rung | ringing | звонить |
rise | rose | risen | rising | подниматься |
run | ran | run | running | бежать; управлять |
say | said | said | saying | сказать |
see | saw | seen | seeing | видеть |
sell | sold | sold | selling | продавать |
send | sent | sent | sending | посылать |
set | set | set | setting | помещать, заходить (о солнце) |
shake | shook | shaken | shaking | трясти |
shine | shone | shone | shining | сиять, блестеть |
shoot | shot | shot | shooting | стрелять |
shut | shut | shut | shutting | закрывать |
sing | sang | sung | singing | петь |
sink | sank | sunk | sinking | погружаться |
sit | sat | sat | sitting | сидеть |
sleep | slept | slept | sleeping | спать |
smell | smelt | smelt | smelling | нюхать, пахнуть |
speak | spoke | spoken | speaking | говорить |
spend | spent | spent | spending | тратить |
spit | spat | spat | spitting | плевать(ся) |
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | spoiling | портить |
spread | spread | spread | spreading | распространять(ся); расстилать (ся) |
spring | sprang | sprung | springing | прыгать |
stand | stood | stood | standing | стоять |
steal | stole | stolen | stealing | красть |
strike | struck | struck | striking | ударять |
strive | strove | striven | striving | бороться |
swear | swore | sworn | swearing | клясться |
swim | swam | swum | swimming | плавать |
take | took | taken | taking | брать |
teach | taught | taught | teaching | обучать |
tear | tore | torn | tearing | разрывать, рвать |
tell | told | told | telling | рассказывать |
think | thought | thought | thinking | думать |
throw | threw | thrown | throwing | бросать |
understand | understood | understood | understanding | понимать |
wear | wore | worn | wearing | носить, изнашивать |
weep | wept | wept | weeping | плакать, рыдать |
win | won | won | winning | выигрывать |
wind | wound | wound | winding | крутить, заводить (часы) |
write | wrote | written | writing | писать |