The Future Continuous Tense
Грамматический справочник
(схемы построения утвердительных, отрицательных
и вопросительных предложений
в основных глагольных временах, косвенной речи и др.)
Составлен учителем английского языка
ГОУ СОШ №766
Малаховой Ольгой Викторовной
Grammar Reference (грамматический справочник)
| to be |
(am, is, are)
| + | - | ? |
| I am (I’m) a pupil. We You are pupils. They She He is (‘s)a pupil. (It) | I am (I’m) nota pupil. We You are notpupils. They She He is (‘s) not a pupil. (It) | AmI a pupil? we Are you pupils? they she Ishe a pupil? (it) |
| Short answers: Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. |
Was, were(был/были, находился/находились)
| + | - | ? |
| I She wasat home yesterday. He It You They were at home yesterday. We | I She was notat home yesterday. He (wasn’t) It You They were not at home yesterday. We (weren’t) | I Was she at home yesterday? he it you Were they at home yesterday? we |
| Short answers: Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t. Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. |
Can (мочь, уметь) to
| + | - | ? |
| I She He It canplay tennis. You They We | I She He It can`tplay tennis. You They (cannot) We | I she he Can it play tennis? you they we |
| Short answers: Yes, she can. No, she can’t. Yes, they can. No, they can’t. |
Have got(иметь)
| + | - | ? |
| I You We have got a computer. They She He has got a computer. It | I You We have not got a computer. They (haven’t got) She He has not got a computer. It (hasn’t got) | I you Have we got a computer? they she Hashe got a computer? it |
| Short answers: Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. |
WH- Questions
| What…? – Что? Какой? Where…? – Где? Куда? Откуда? When…? – Когда? Why…? – Почему? Which…? – Какой (из)? Который? Whom…? – Кого? Кому? Who…? – Кто? How…? – Как? How much…? – Сколько? (о неисчисляемых существительных) How many…? – Сколько? (об исчисляемых существительных) How long…? – Как долго? Сколько по времени? |
Verb Tenses (глагольные времена).
Present Simple (Indefinite) -Простое настоящее (every day, usually, often, sometimes, always, never, seldom).
| V/Vs |
| + | - | ? |
| I You We speak English. They She He speaksEnglish. It | I You We don’t speak English. They (do not) She He doesn’t speakEnglish. It (does not) | Общие вопросы (Yes/No) I you Do we speak English? they she Does he speak_English? it |
| Short answers: Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t. Yes, they do. No, they don’t. | ||
| Специальные вопросы (Wh-?) 1) к сказуемому Where do they speak English? Why does he speak English? With whom does she speak English? 2) к подлежащему Who__ speaks English? |
The Past Simple. Простое прошедшее (yesterday, last week, last summer, in 2004,
a week ago, the other day)
| Ved/V2 |
| + | - | ? |
| I You We II They played football last week. She spoke English yesterday. He It | I You We I They didn’t play football last week. She didn’t speak English yesterday. He It | Общие вопросы (Yes/No) I you we I Didthey playfootball last week. she speak English yesterday? he it |
| Short answers: Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. Yes, they did. No, they didn’t | ||
| Специальные вопросы ( Wh-?) 1) к сказуемому Where did they speak English? Why did he speak English? With whom did she speak English? 2) к подлежащему Who__ spoke English yesterday? |
Future Simple(Простое будущее) (tomorrow, soon,
next month, in a few days)
| will(shall) + V |
| + | - | ? |
| I We will (shall) speak English. You They She will speak English. He It | I will not (won’t)speakEnglish We shall not (shan’t) You They She will not (won’t) speak English. He It | I Will (Shall)we speak English? you they Will she speak English? he it |
| Short answers: Yes, she will. No, she won’t. Yes, they will. No, they won’t | ||
| WH-? 3) к сказуемому Where will you go tomorrow? With whom will she go tomorrow? 4) к подлежащему Who will swim next week? |
Present Continuous (Progressive)(настоящее длительное) (Now, at the moment, Look! Listen!)
Используется для описания действия, происходящего в момент речи.
| am/is/are + Ving |
| + | - | ? | |||
| I am We You arereadingnow. They She He is (It) | I am We You are notreadingnow. They She He is (It) | Общие вопросы (Yes/No) AmI we Are you readingnow? they she Ishe (it) | |||
| Short answers: Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. | |||||
| Специальные вопросы (WH-?) 1) к сказуемому Where are they reading now? What is she reading now? 2) к подлежащему Who isreading now? |
Past Continuous(прошедшее длительное)
Используется, когда мы говорим о длительном действии, происходившем в определенный момент в прошлом.
((1)at 5 o’clock yesterday, from 5 till 7 o`clock yesterday, the whole day (evening) yesterday;
2) when mother came;
3) while we …, they…)
| was/were + Ving |
| + | - | ? | ||||||
| I was We You werereading at 5o’clock yesterday. They She He was (It) | I was We You werenotreading from They 2 till 4 o’clock yesterday. She He was (It) | Общие вопросы (Yes/No) WasI we Were you reading they the whole day yesterday? she Washe (it) | ||||||
| Специальные вопросы (WH-?) 1) к сказуемому Where were they reading at 5o’clock yesterday? What was she reading at 5o’clock yesterday? 2) к подлежащему Who wasreading at 5o’clock yesterday? |
The Future Continuous Tense
| will/shall +be+Ving |
| + | - | ? |
| I We will (shall) be playing tennis at 5 o’clock tomorrow. You They She will be playing tennis at He 5 o’clock tomorrow. It | I We won’t (shan’t) be playing ten- nis at 5 o’clock tomorrow. You They She won’t (shan’t) be playing at He 5 o’clock tomorrow. It | Shall I (Will) We be playing tennis at 5 o’clock tomorrow? you they Will she be playing tennis at he 5 o’clock tomorrow? it |
| WH-? What time will you be leaving tomorrow? |
Present Perfect (Resaltative) Tense(Настоящее совершенное)
Используется для описания действия, которое произошло в прошлом, но его последствия еще наблюдаются; или если период времени, в который произошло действие, не закончился)
(Already, ever, never, yet, just, lately, recently, this morning, this year, today, since, for)
| have/has + V3 |
| + | - | ? |
| I You III We havealreadywatcheda They new film. She III He hasjust writtenthe story. It | I You III We haven’t writtenthe story. They She III He hasn’t writtenthe story. It | I you Have we III they written the story? she Hashe it |
| WH-? 1) к сказуемому Where haveyou been? Why hashe written this letter? 2) к подлежащему Who has finishedreading? |
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (for, since).
| have/has been + Ving |
| + | - | ? |
| I have been learning English for 5 years. He has been writing a letter since he came home. | They haven’t been sleeping since 5. She hasn’t been working since 2 o’clock. | Have they been playing football for an hour? Has he been watching TV long? |
The Past Perfect tense
(by 5 o’clock; by Sunday; by that time; by the end of the year; by the second of May
… when…; …after …; …before…)
| had + Ved/V3 |
| + | - | ? |
| My sister had left by the first of April. The train had already leftwhen we arrived. After she had cried she felt better. | The students hadn’t finished the test when the bell rang. When we arrived, the train hadn’t left yet. | Had you read the book up to the end before she asked you for it? |
Passive Voice
The passive voice is used when we don’t know who did something or it is not important who did it.
| Present Indefinite Passive is/are + V3 /Ved |
| Past Indefinite Passive was/were + V3 /Ved |
| Future Indefinite Passive shall/will be + V3 |
| + | - | ? |
| The table is made of wood. The newspapers are sold here. The room was cleaned yesterday. These houses were built last century. The letter will be posted tomorrow. | The table isn’t made of plastic. The newspapers aren’t sold there. The room wasn’t cleaned yesterday. These houses weren’t built last century. The papers won’t be burnt. | Yes/No -? Is the table made of plastic? Are the newspapers sold there? Wasthe roomcleaned yesterday? Were these housesbuilt last century? Shall I be askedany questions? |
| WH-? Where is French spoken? When are the newspapers brought? Where were the cartoons shown? |
Reported Speech
I Об авторе говорим в настоящем времени.
| + | - | ? |
| Nick says: “I like my granny very much.” Nick says (that) he likes his granny very much. The Browns say: “We’ve moved into a new flat.” The Browns say (that) they’ve moved into a new flat. +/! (просьба что-нибудь сделать) Mother says: “Betty, buy some bread, please.” Mother tells Betty to buy some bread. Mother asks Betty to buy some bread. | My friends say: “We didn’t go to the cinema yesterday”. My friends say they didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. -/! (просьба не делать чего-нибудь) My aunt says to me: “Don’t go there”. My aunt asks me not to go there. My aunt tells me not to go there. | Yes/No - ? She asks: “Is Wales situated in the British Isles?” She asks if Wales is situated in the British Isles. Nelly asks:” Have you been to Spain?” Nelly asks (wants to know, is interested, wonders) if I have been to Spain. Wh-? She asks: “Where is Wales situated?” She asks where Wales is situated. Bob asks: ”When will they go there?” Bob wants to know when they will go there. |
Reported Speech
II Об авторе говорим в прошедшем времени.
Nelly said: “I live in Pskov.” Nelly said that she lived in Pskov. Nelly told me she lived in Pskov. After said that or told smb a verb is usually in the past.
|
Reported Speech
| Present Perfect → Past Perfect (in the reported speech) Past Indefinite Ann said to Helen: “Pete broke the glass.” “Pete has broken the glass.” Ann told Helen Pete had broken the glass. Frank asked Tom: “Where did Jack go?” “Where has Jack gone?” Frank asked Tom where Jack had gone. Don’t forget to change the following. Here → there now → then this → that these → those today → that day yesterday → the day before ago → before last → the previous |
Reported Speech (Future in the Past) (will→would)