Unit 3. Why go to school? reading

UNIT 1.PEOPLE AND RELATIONSHIP READING

Ex.1 p.4

1. In my opinion it is better to be the youngest child, because he or she always has elder brothers and sisters to help you. And usually parents and grandparents get the youngest children what they want.

2.1 think it does.

Ex.2 p.4

about the youngest children? (4)

about the children who have to look after their youngest brothers

and sisters? (2)

about Tom Hughes? (1)

about the only children? (5)

about the most competitive children? (3)

Ex.3 p.4

1. Independent and sociable? — The middle children are.

2. Charming and affectionate? — The youngest ones are.

3. Quite self-confident and ambitious? — The oldest children are.

4. Very organized and responsible? — The only child is.

Ex.4 p.4

1. well-bred — spoilt 2. unselfish — selfish 3. simple — ambitious, imaginative

4. hard-working — lazy 5. rude — sensitive 6. calm — energetic

Ex.5 p.6

1. Competitive people always want to win. 2. Ambitions people want to be successful in life.

3. Spoilt children behave badly because they are given everything they want.

4. Selfish people think about themselves and do not think about other people.

5. Envious people think that someone loves another person more than them, or want what other people have.

6. Sociable people are friendly and enjoy being with other people.

7. Aggressive people get angry quickly and like fighting.

8. Charming people have an attractive personality that makes people like them.

9. Responsible people are people you can trust.

10. Affectionate people show that they like people very much.

11. Bossy people like giving orders to other people.

12. Manipulative people are good at influencing other people to do what they want.

13. Moody people are happy one minute and sad the next, and are often bad-tempered.

14. Independent people like doing things on their own, without help.

Ex.5b p.6

positive	negative	neutral
affectionate	aggressive	ambitious
energetic	bossy	competitive
responsible	jealous	imaginative
sociable	manipulative	moody
charming	selfish	sensitive
	spoilt

Ex.6a p.6

the oldest children	middle children	the youngest children	the only children
self-confident	independent	charming	spoilt
responsible	competitive	affectionate	selfish
bossy	sociable	relaxed	organized
good leaders	jealous	lazy	responsible
ambitious	moody	manipulative	imaginative

VOCABLUARY

Ex.1 p.7

1. generous - c; willing to give money, spend time etc. in order to give them pleasure

2. Reliable - f; someone that can be trusted or depended on

3. talkative - h; liking to talk a lot

4. sensitive - g; easily hurt or offended by things that people say or able to feel physical sensations more than usual

5. patient - e; able to wait calmly for a long time or to accept difficulties without becoming angry

6. meand; unkind or unwilling to share

7. honest - a; someone who doesn’t lie

8. envious - b; wanting something that someone else has

Ex.2 p.7

un-	dis-	in-/i m-/ir
unambitious	dishonest	irresponsible
unfriendly	disorganized	insensitive
unimaginative		impatient
unkind		able
unreliabe
untidy
unselfish
unsociable

Ex.3 p.7

Positive clever hard-workin! Cheerful honest generous reliable organized ambitious

Imaginative energetic self-confident

negativemean lazy stupid unpleasant untidy moody bossy spoilt envious relaxed

Ex.4 p.7

Talkative - My friend is talkative because she likes to talk a lot Honest - I’m honest because I don’t lie.

Patient - My friend is patient because he accepts difficulties without becoming angry.

Manipulative - My youngest sister is manipulative because she always gets what she wants.

Aggressive - My older brother is sometimes aggressive when he doesn’t get what he wants.

GRAMMAR

Ex.1 p.8

1. Bob used to work in a factory, but he doesn’t now.

2. Mary used to go to my school, but now she doesn’t.

3. Andrew didn’t use to be very tall, but now he is.

4. Chris didn’t use to drink coffee, but now he does.

5. We used to play football at the weekend, but now we don’t.

6. There used to be a market every Friday, but now there isn’t.

7. They didn’t use to wear a uniform to school, but now they do.

Ex.2 p.8

1. We used to have a dog when I was a child. 2. I used to like eating pork but now I hate it.

3. Bob used to play football before he became a dancer.

4. Wales used to be an independent country before it was part of Britain.

5. We used to have several horses. 6. Jane used to be a signer.

7. We used to live in Russia but now we live in Ukraine. 8. It used to work, now it doesn’t.

Ex.3 p.9

1. Did you use to go to the same school as me?

2. I didn’t use to have so many things when 1 was a student. 3. What did you use to study?

4. Didn't you use to have long hair? 5. What did you use to do when you were a child?

6. He never used to be like that.

Ex.4 p.9

Looking through the pages of old magazines one can notice things that refer to the fashion of those days. Women’s skirts used to be long and formal. All men used to wear long hair. Children used to dress like adults. Men and women used to dance at formal balls. Women used to have many petticoats under their sticks. Men used to carry walking sticks.

Ex.5 p.9

1. Did your mother use to read to you before you started school?

2. Did you use to eat vegetables before you went to bed?

3. Who used to visit your family at the weekend?

4. What did your grandparents use to give you when it was your birthday?

5. Were there a park near your house where you could play?

6. Where did your parents use to live before they got married?

7. Did you use to watch TV on Saturday morning when you got up?

8. Did you use to get up early when you were a child?

Ex.6 p.9

No, I didn’t use to wear glasses. No, I didn’t use to wear long hair.

I used to come from school at 2 o'clock. I used to read book about adventures.

Now, I live in Kharkov. I used to live in Lviv. Yes, I did. I used to play dolls/cars when I was a little child.

LISTENING

Ex.1 p.10

A: Have you ever tried to touch get in with your old friends? = B: Yes, I try to do it.

A: Why do you try to get in touch with friends of your childhood? B: We have much in common and like to recollect funny stories about our school life. I’m sure we’ll stay friends.

Ex.2 p.10

get on - ладити; have in common - мати спільне; argue - сперечатися;

keep in touch - підтримувати стосунки.

Ex.3 p.10

2. a friend she used to have + 3. a sport she used to play + 4. a teacher she used to have +

Ex.4 p.10

1. She and Rose stoped seeing each other when they were 16. 2. They lost touch after university.

3. She didn’t like the French teacher because he used to be rude and didn’t like children and teaching.

4. French was the only subject she ever failed at school. 5. She stopped playing squash because it’s hard aggressive. 6. She prefered tennis because she can play tennis with friends outdoors.

Ex.5 p.10

I've known her/him for about 5 years. We met at school. We get on well because we have a lot in common. We both like pop- music. Sometimes we argue about new songs of our favourite pop- singers. Every week we see and visit each other. We phone each other almost every day. I have never lost touch. I hope so we’ll stay friends.

SPEAKING

Ex.2 p.11

We speak differently when we are with our parents, friends, teachers, little children, when we are at school, at home. Sometimes we argue with some people. My parents argue with me when they want to help me with the household chores, but I don’t have time. They think that I’m lazy. I don’t feel that I am more talkative with peers than with adults because I have similar personalities with my friends.

USE YOUR ENGLISH

Ex.1a p.12

1. I used to get up at 6:30, but I don’t any more. 2. Did she always use to have long hair?

3. Did you use to have breakfast before you go to work?

4. They didn’t use to have a car, they used to cycle everywhere.

5. He doesn’t like coffee, so he used to drink tea in the morning.

6. He used to be a teacher, but now he works for Greenpeace.

Ex.1b p.12

1. - I used to argue with my boss but now we get on quite well.

2. + Lilly used to live in Kyiv but she moved to Donetsk last year.

3. ? Did you use to wear a long hair? You look different.

4. + We used to be really close but now we hardly ever meet.

5. ? Did you use to play with your parents when you were a child?

Ex.2p. 12

a. A well-educated person has had a good education.

b. Energetic is always lively and doesn’t tire easily.

c. Creative is original, artistic and imaginative.

d. Strong has well-developed muscles and can do hard physical work.

e. Patient is calm and does not get annoyed or frustrated.

f. Caring is helpful and sympathetic to other people.

g. Brave is not afraid of frightening or dangerous situations.

h. Sociable is friendly and enjoys being with other people.

i. Fair treats everyone equally and is not influenced by personal feelings.

j. Organized is efficient and good at making and carrying out plans,

k. Fit is healthy and in good physical condition.

l. Enthusiastic is interested in and excited about something.

m. Hard-working is not. at all lazy.

n. Cheerful is always happy and optimistic.

Ex.3 p.13

Ann is jealous. She feels angry about not having what other have. Kate is talkative. She never stops talking.

Boris is shy. He does not say a lot.

My mother is mean. She hates spending money.

His wife is imaginative. She is able to think of new ideas.

My father is too sociable. He talks to everybody.

My best friend is loyal. He never betrays friends.

Ex.4C p.13

a untidy – 9 b optimistic – 7 c sociable – 2 d talkative – 5 e reserved – 13 f shy - 3

g impatient – 10 h ambitious – 4 i lazy – 11 j generous – 14 k moody – 5 l hard-working - 12

m easy-going – 16 n reliable – 8 o cheerful – 1 p sensitive - 6

Ex.5 p.14

My name is Olga Vasetskaya. I’m 15. I was born on the 23rd of June 1999 in Kharkiv.

We are a family of four: my father, my mother, my younger sister and I. My elder sister is ten. Our family lives in Poltava. We have a nice four-roomed fiat. My mother is about 45. She is an economist. We all love dearly our Mum and are always ready to help her about the house. My father is an experienced engineer. He is 47. He is always busy and very often he works overtime. My grandparents don't work now. They are pensioners. My Granny is fond of gardening and my Grandpa likes to go fishing. Our family is friendly. I like them very much. We don’t have any pet. My hobby is reading and playing different computer games.

I’m tall and slender. I have dark hair, dark eyes, a strait nose and thin lips. I wear spectacles. And I like to wear jeans and T-shirts. I’m not very lazy, I think that I’m an ambition person because I set up high goals for my career, and I try to be a success in school.

I am also an outgoing person. I like to go to discos, to parties with my friends. Certainly we talk a lot about life and our problems. I’m a very sociable person there are a lot of people whom I can call friends. One of them is Natasha. She is 20. She finished school three year ago and now she’s a student of University. Natasha is a future manager. She does not have much free time but if she has, Natasha likes to spend it in a good company. She likes to listen to music, dance, watch new films, discuss them and do many other interesting things. We often go to the cinema, cafes, concerts and shows. Natasha is a good friend. She’s always ready to help everybody who needs. My friend knows a lot of interesting facts about music, famous people and history. She is fond of skating. I am happy to have such good friend as Natasha.

Like many other children when I was a child I went to a kindergarten. At the age of 6 I went to school. I was very proud when I became a pupil. Our school is a fine four-storeyed building in the center of Lviv. The school-building is not very large, but there are many classrooms and specialized rooms for studying different subjects. We study Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Ukrainian, Russian, English, History, Geography and Biology in specialized rooms. Chemistry, Physics and Biology are taught in well equipped science rooms. Schemes and tables are on the walls. There is a good equipment for laboratory experiments in the labs. Mathematics is taught in the science rooms on the third floor. There is a special room equipped with calculators and computers. There are many specialized rooms for studying English in our school. Tape-recorders and record-players are widely used at our lessons. There is the Assembly Hall on the first floor of our school. We usually gather there to mark holidays. On the second floor there is a gym. We like our gym, and we like to spend the breaks there. During the breaks we usually played basketball or volleyball there. The dining-room and the canteen are on the ground floor. On the ground floor there is a workshop too. There we are taught to use some tools and machines.

Studying to be a lawyer represents the fulfillment of my longest held dreams. Whatever I could do as a lawyer to help people would gave me a great satisfaction. The duty of the lawyer is not only to punish people for various crimes: from serial murder to terrorism, but they must do their best to prevent crimes, to fight against evil in our society. The lawyers should help those people, who committed an error to find the right in their life.

Sometimes I like to stay home alone, especially when I need some relaxation. Then I listen to music, watch television, read books or play computer games.

Ex.7 p.15

l have a close friend.

Lena is my best friend, because she is very cheerful, honest and energetic.

She never betrays her friends and never tells lies.

I don’t make friends easily.

Some children have so many friends because they are easy-going and generous.

They should always help each other and be honest.

They should never be impatient and tell lies.

I think real friends share secrets.

I keep my friend’s secrets.

Sometimes I help my friends with their school homework.

My friends don’t often help me, because I do well on my school subjects.

My parents have close mends.

I am sure gossipy children don’t have a lot of friends.

'There is a girl in your class who hasn’t got a friend.

There is a boy in your class who's got a lot of friend.

I can invite him or her to my birthday party with my own friends to help to make friends easily

If I have a brother or a sister, I get on well with his/her friends. My sister gets on well with my friends.

WRITING

Ex.1 p.16

In my opinion writing is a process. We write for doing home tasks, planning, organizing our ideas, communicating with other people, passing the exams. I know such kinds of writing as articles, reports, letters, reviews, novels, stories, drafts, compositions and so on. It is very important to become a good writer for professional development to bring your ideas and thoughts to other people.

Ex.2b p.16

I’ve changed the idea that writing is not only a process, but it is also a skill.

Ex.4 p.17

The International Pen Friend Club

PALMERSTON PLACE

Edinburg EN 125BJ

United Kingdom

Full name: Peter Voronov

Home address (including county):58 Symskaya Str. 61002 Kharkiv. Ukraine.

Nationality: Ukrainian

Date of Birth (day/month/year): 23 August 1999 Sex: male

Main interest: skating

What sort of person would you like to write to? Energetic, imaginative, sociable

Reasons for wanting a pen friend: to know more about life of youth in Scotland, its traditions and culture.

How well do you write in English? Quite well.

Signature Peter Voronov

Ex.5a p.17

We have “known each other about 8 years. She is rather slim, not very tall, her hair is brown, her eyes are grey, and her face is oval. My best friend is responsible, energetic, clever, hard-working, cheerful and honest. Helen is my best friend because, we have very similar personalities. A lot of things, we both love the same music and dancing. She always helps me. When I was ill, she helped me to do homework and when my mother wasn't at home she bought me some medicine. Helen has never disappointed me. I think that I’m a good friend. If there is some misunderstanding between us I try to make peace as soon as it is possible. We spend a lot of time together, we often listen to music. Helen is very interesting to talk to, we discuss films, love, teachers, girls, cars. We have never quarreled.

CHECK YOUR SKILLS

Ex.1 p.18

1. I have a close friend called Natalia. I’ve known her for about 12 years now. We met at work. She was a colleague of mine at the company where I used to work, and we used to have our coffee breaks at the same time.

We get on well. Although we don't have a lot in common, we have quite different interests. We don’t work together any more, and when I changed jobs we lost touch for a couple of years. But now we keep in touch regularly. We phone each other once a week, and we see each other about twice a month. We don’t often argue, only sometimes about films as we have completely different tastes!

Ex.2 p.18

1. She used to go to the cinema every week, but she doesn’t have time now.

2. We never used to eat out but now we go to a restaurant twice A week.

3. Did you use to wear uniform when you went to school?

4. I used to go to the gym three times as week, but not any more. I’m too busy.

5. He didn’t use to like children, but now he’s the perfect father.

6. He used to be very patient, hut now he’s really impatient.

7. Did they use to go to the bench a lot when they were kids?

8. We didn’t use to have a long holiday, but this year we’re going to the Crimea for six weeks!

Ex.3a p.18 1.+ 2.- 3.- 4.+

Ex.3b p.18

Himself: not selfish, not spoilt, not imaginative, responsible, organized

His wife: affectionate, hard-working, charming, not manipulate His father: responsible, bossy

Ex.4 p.19

Cathy is calm and shy. She didn’t like to talk a lot and like to study. She used to compete with her sister. She used to tell parents about her sister’s parties. Cathy was more attractive than her sister. She used to have a lot of fun with her sister although they were completely different. Cathy used to defend her sister when other

people criticized her. She taught her sister that she could’t blame other people for her own problem.

The other sister was extremely talkative. She didn’t like to study She liked to go to parties. She used to bite her sister. She was jealous to her sister because she was very attractive. She had much fun with her sister although they were complete opposites. The author suffered because their dad left them when they were small. She used to blame other people for her own mistake.

UNIT 2. CHOOSE THE CAREER! LISTENING

Ex.1 p.20 1. Teacher 2. Dentist 3. Scientist 4. Engineer 5. manager

Ex.2 p.20 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.E

READING

Ex.3 p.22 1.B 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.C

Ex.4 p.22 1. C 2. B 3. 4. E 5. A 6. G 7. D

VOCABULARY

Ex.1 p.23 1.d 2.c 3.e 4.a 5.b

Ex.2 p.23

-er	-or	-ist	-ian	other
plumber	actor	scientist	librarian	pilot
lawyer	conductor	psychologist	electrician	accountant
teacher	doctor	artist	musician	nurse
worker	tailor	biologist	obstetrician	architect
bricklayer	director	dentist	historian	president

Ex.4 p.23

My sister works in the tourism industry as a tour agent.

My brother works in education as a teacher.

My uncle works in the building industry as a carpenter.

My mother works in the textile industry as a dressmaker.

GRAMMAR

Ex.1 p.24 A. Past. Simple B. Present Perfect C. Present Perfect Continuous

Ex.2 p.24

Christopher Jones is an English language teacher. He was always good at languages at school, so he decided to take his degree in French and German. When he had finished his university studies, he began teaching in a secondary school in England.

Two years later, however, he met someone by chance who offered him a job teaching English to foreign students during the long summer holidays. His students were adults and he enjoyed the work greatly. He soon had found he was more interested in teaching his own language to foreigners than foreign languages to English schoolboys.

Since then he has been specializing in this work. He has found that one of the advantages of the job is that it enables him to find work almost everywhere in the world. First he has gone to Africa for 2 years and then he spent a year in Arabia. After this he went to Greece where he has worked for the last 3 years. He has not been to South America yet but he wants to go there next. He taught men and women of all ages and of various nationalities. He also learnt to get on with all kinds of people and to adjust to different ways of life. So far he has not regretted his decision to follow this career.

Ex.3 p.25

1. How long have you been having your car? 2. Ron has been working as a postman for the past month.

3. Mary has found a good job. 4. I have been writing an essay all day.

5. How long have you been living in Kyiv?

Ex.4 p.25

A. How long have you been trying to find a job? H. For three years. It. has been really difficult.

C. How many jobs have you had? D. About thirty, maybe more I have done everything.

I. How long have you been standing here today? F. I have been waiting since 8:00 this morning, and I’m freezing.

Ex.5 p.25

How long have they been going out together? I have been studying English for eight years.

You have been reading that book for months! Have you been waiting for a long time?

How long has she been living there? I have been rented this flat for three years.

Has she been working here for a long time?

LISTENING

Ex.2p. 26 system administrator; journalist; accountant

Ex.4 p.26

1. She has already been working at this pharmaceutical company for 10 years.

2. She is a professional with broad work experience.

3. He chose this creative profession because he was a creative person.

4. They all work as a team.

5. He is responsible for the safety of all documents and files.

6. All his colleagues respect him for this professionalism.

Ex.5 p.26

1. Yes, it is.

2. An accountant needs to present at different seminars, work shops, conferences, to listen to reports and to discussto the ways of applying fresh knowledge. An accountant needs to get additional education in order to learn about new laws and rules and to do financial reports in a proper way.

3. A journalist is responsible for writing articles and informing the society about different events and meetings, they also meet different people and take their interviews.

4. The profession of a journalist is exciting, though sometimes may be dangerous.

5. A system administrator is responsible for the safety of all documents and files, preventing the system from receiving viruses, developing different programs, knowing a lot about office equipment and fixing them if it is necessary.

SPEAKING

Ex.1 p.27 1.E 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.G 6.F 7.A

Ex.2b p.27

A: Were there any interesting jobs in the newspaper yesterday?

B: Well, there were an office administrator and a porter on cruises ship.

A: An office administrator doesn’t sound very suitable for me but I don’t have any one.

B: I’d prefer the job on cruises ship.

A: So do I. Visiting Hawaii is my dream.

B: And they provide full training and the chance to earn $5,000 per month.

A: What’s the phone number?

B. It’s 337-35-71.

Ex.3p. 27 Interviewer: What is your name?

Christopher Jones: Christopher Jones Interviewer: How old are you?

Christopher Jones: 25 Interviewer: What do you do?

Christopher Jones: I work in a secondary school in London. Interviewer: Do you like your job?

Christopher Jones: I enjoy my job greatly.

Ex.4 p.27

a. Jobs of a teacher, a doctor, a tailor, a cooker, a nurse, a waitress, a librarian, an accountant, an economist are normally done by women.

b. Jobs of a lawyer, a diplomat, a deputy, a businessman are generally well-paid.

c. A job of a doctor requires a lot of training.

d. Jobs of a surgeon, a militiaman are very stressful.

e. Teachers have long holidays.

f. Jobs of a trainer of wild animals, a fireman, a submariner, a cosmonaut are dangerous.

USE YOUR ENGLISH

Ex.1 p.28

Interviewer: So, how long have you been lived here?

Mary: For about 6 months now.

I: Why did you choose Beirut?

M: Because John my husband and I have always loved Arab culture and the language. John’s an English teacher and he has got a job here in a language school.

I: Why did you want to take a year off?

M: Basically I want a break from teaching. I love teaching children but I need change. Also I had drawn and painted since I was little but I had never really had the chance to study drawing. So this seem like the perfect opportunity to have a change and learn to draw properly. I: What have you done here since you arrived?

M: We have found a fantastic art teacher, called Fatima, and I have had classes with her since October. She’s great and she speaks English, which is lucky because I don’t know much Arabic yet. But I’ll learn.

I: Is Arabic a difficult language to learn?

M: Very difficult! Especially the pronunciation.

Ex.3b p.29 1. Chris 2. Floyd 3. Jessica 4. Darlene

Ex.4a p.30

A: Does your job require a lot of practice?

B. Yes, of course. Dentists must have a lot of practice and besides have an excellent knowledge and education.

A: Where did you get the necessary education?

B: At Medical National Academy in Kharkiv.

A: Oh, I’d like to become a dentist too. What do you advise me to do to become better acquainted with this profession?

B: Look for an occupation suited for your abilities. I don’t think that this profession suits you.

Ex.4b p.30

*What are the advantages of this job?*What are the disadvantages of this job?*Is this job very stressful?

*Is it well-paid?*Do you need to have driving license?

*What personal skills should you have to be successful?

Ex.6 p.30

A problem of choosing a profession is very important for me. Certainly I have thought this question over for a long time. My parents have their own opinion on it. But as the time of leaving school is closer, my worries become stronger and stronger.

As the most of my friends and classmates I am going to enter the university or some other higher educational institution. I expect to get a “Certificate of Maturity” with good and excellent marks. But I realize that a lot of young people will bring their “Certificates” with excellent marks to the selection committees of the universities.

As for me I have no aptitude for mastering the technique. But at the same time I don’t know if I’ll manage to get a good job after graduating from the humanitarian department of the university.

I want to enter the department in some way connected with management. To my mind one who chooses this profession must be very communicative. And of course, if you want to gain something in this field, you have to know economics, finance, psychology, law and management.

WRITING

Ex.1a p.30

Personal & Social Writing	Study Writing (Personal)	Professional Writing
Phone messages	Making notes from lectures	Contracts

Ex.3a p.32

The style of the letter is formal, because Mary Blake doesn’t know Jane Smith.

Mary wants to give information about her in order to get the job. It is professional letter.

It is a formal letter.

Ex.3b p.33

The places she has visited - 7. I like travelling. I have been to Spain, Italy and Britain. This is my second visit to England. Last year I stayed with my pen friend’s family in London for a month.

Addresses she is writing to - 3. Jane Smith, Happy Holidays, Baker St, Leeds, 247B.

Her knowledge of languages - 6. I am seventeen years old and I come from Portugal. At the moment I am studying at a language school near Bristol. I can speak English, Portuguese and a little Spanish.

The things she is good at - 8. I enjoy playing sports. I can play basketball, tennis and volleyball. I’m good at swimming, too. I can’t play a musical instrument, but I have a good voice and enjoy singing.

Her personal qualifies - 9. I’m sure that I would make a good hostess. I’m very sociable and I like helping other people.

Sender’s address - 1. 12 St. John’s St. Bristol. BR27FU.

Reason for writing - 5. I read your advertisement in Teen Magazine and I would like to apply for a job as a Happy Holidays hostess this summer.

Sender’s signature –

Signing off - 10. Yours sincerely.

Sender’s name -12. Mary Blake.

Greeting - 4. Dear Ms Smith.

Date - 2. 16 March.

Ex.4 p.33

Mary Cooper

Happy Holidays

Green Str.

Liverpool

L 26RE

Dear Mrs Cooper,

I have read your advertisement in Teen Magazine and I would like to apply for a job as a Happy Holidays host this summer.

I’m 15 years old and I am from Ukraine. Now I’m studying at Language School near London. I can speak English, Ukrainian, and Russian.

I am fond of travelling, reading and playing computer games. I enjoy going into sports, meeting new people, working outdoors, helping people, learning more and I like to improve my language skills. I have some work experience in as an animator.

I’m sure that I would be a good host. I’m very friendly and sociable. I look forward to hearing from you.

Your sincerely

Helen Ivanova

CHECK YOUR SKILLS

Ex.1 p.34

My cousin Liza is an interpreter. She gets a good salary. Liza speaks English and French fluently. She studied at the university and travelled a lot. It helped her to improve her language skills, to learn more about culture and traditions. Liza has an experience of working as an interpreter for seven years.

My older brother Denis is a manager. His job is well-paid. Although it is sometimes difficult to get in touch with him during the day, but his profession is very interesting.

First he graduated from a university where he got Master’s degree in economics. Denis’ work requires a lot of teamwork. I know he is quite successful. I’m proud of him.

As for me, I am a secretary at a textile factory. We receive many letters of application, because our factory offers good work conditions. Next years I am going to get a Bachelor degree in psychology and to apply for position of a personnel manager. I know the director needs a person who can help to work with the stuff

Ex.2 p.34

A: How long have you been being at university?

B: I started two years ago. I’m in my third year now.

A: Do you live with your parents?

B: I had been living with them for the first two years but then I moved into a student hostel last September and I have lived there since then.

A: Has your brother found a job yet?

B: Yes, he has just started work in a hotel.

Ex.3a p.34

It is a formal letter.

Ex.3b p.34

Name: Irina Fedirko

Age: 16 Sex:

Female

Knowledge of English: have no problem communicating with the English-speaking visitors

Experience: organized a performance with the school’s drama group, had an experience in working with young people.

Lack of Experience: have no experience in organizing games. Likes: handball and babysitting.

Dislikes: not very good at sitting in a classroom for a long.

The reason of applying: to improve English and to get an experience in organizing.

Ex.4a p.34

A junior school teacher in Britain: a. earns about 16 thousand pound year

b. trains for 3 years c. works about 9 hours a day

d. starts work at about 8 o’clock e. finishes work at about 5 o’clock

Ex.4c p.34.

How many years did you spend at university training? How many hours do you work a day?

At what time do you usually start your work?

When do you finish your work?

UNIT 3. WHY GO TO SCHOOL? READING

Ex.1 p.36

Many students dislike school, because they don’t get good marks, and pressed by other parents and by teachers or they don’t have friends at school. Others like school, they are going to get their education, and enjoy taking part in different school activities.

As for me school is not only a place of education. It is a place where I can develop my skills in different clubs. Besides at school I spend considerable time with my friends. That’s why I cannot imagine my life without school.

Ex.2 p.36 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.F 5.A 6.D

Ex.3 p.36 1. F. 2. T. 3. T. 4. F. 5.T. 6. T. 7. T.

Ex.4 p.36 1. B 2. F 3. G 4. D 5. A 6. E

Ex.5 p.37 1. Yes, I do (No, I don’t).

2. Yes, I do. My best friend hates Physics. 3. I am doing well in Literature, Ukrainian and English.

4. Yes, I’m pressed by my parents. 5. I have many friends.

6. They get from 7 to 11 in most subjects. In English their grades are better.

7. I use the Internet. It provides different information and I send e-mails to friends.

8. The Internet can help in your study. For my last project about pollution of water I’ve got information from the Internet.

9. As for me I take part in musical performances and my best friend likes volleyball.

10. I like PT lessons, running, jumping, gymnastics, and sport competitions are mv hobby.

VOCABULARY

Ex.1 p.39 1. State school 2. Private school 3. Nursery school 4. Primary school

5. Secondary school 6. Boarding school 7. Head teacher 8. Graduate

Ex.2 p.39 1. You must learn this poem. 2. We must study the map before we start our journey.

3. She learns to be a doctor by watching the work of her more experienced colleagues.

4. Many learns to swim. 5. We soon learn to do as we were told in Mr. Hughes’ class!

6. Mike studies medicine at college because he wants to be a doctor.

7. I’m trying to learn Spanish. 8. I learned to ride a bike when I was five.

GRAMMAR

Ex.1 p.40

If you drop that plate, it will break into a million pieces.

If he doesn’t know the answer, he can find the answer for you. If you are hungry, you can get something to eat.

If you call them now, you can tell them you’ll be late.

If Carla doesn’t study, she probably will fail the exam.

If I give you my number, you can call me tomorrow.

If you don’t want to read it, I’ll throw the magazine away.

If you are hurry, you can still get the early train.

If she arrives late, she will miss the opening ceremony.

Ex.2 p.40

1. If I don’t get into university I’ll be a security.

2. I’ll have a big party if I have enough money.

3. If I pass my exams well I’ll enter the university.

4. We won’t get a plane if you don’t hurry.

5. If I get my first salary I’ll buy a gift for my parents.

6. You’ll fail the exam if you won’t enter the university.

7. He’ll be late for work if he gets up later.

Ex.3 p.41

1. If there are more TV programmes about science, people will know more about it.

2. If other intelligent beings inhabit the Universe, they will be very different from us.

3. If there is life on other planets, we won’t be alone.

4. If the world’s population continue to increase, we will need more feed.

Ex.4 p.47

1. Will you call me if I give you my number?

2. Do you mind if I borrow your dictionary?

3. I’ll get hungry if I don’t eat anything.

4. The food spoils if the fridge is turned off.

5. Is it OK if I take your bike to the store?

6. Will they read this magazine if I can leave it?

7. The ground gets wet if it rains.

Ex.5 p.41

1. If Albert can repair his bicycle, he’ll go cycling.

2. Ben will come to school by bus if he is late.

3. You will not see the square if you look out of the window.

4. We’ll see old things if the history museum is open.

5. Mary will not go to the theatre if she cannot get a ticket.

Ex.6 p.41

1. If he goes on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.

2. If he likes the house, will he buy it?

3. If you come late, they do not let you in.

4. He’ll be late for the train if he does not start at once.

5. If you put on the kettle I’ll make the tea.

6. If he is late we’ll go without him.

7. I’ll be very angry if he makes any more mistakes.

LISTENING

Ex.1 p.42

1. a) 5 - 6

2. c) infant schools

3. b) 11

4. c) 16

5. a) take “A” level exams

Ex.4 p.42

1. Primary education includes infant schools and junior schools.

2. Compulsory secondary education starts at the age of 11-12 and lasts 5 years.

3. Most British children get their secondary education at comprehensive school.

4. Many pupils at the age of 16 leave school and go to a college to choose more practical courses.

5. Pupils who decide to enter a university should pass Advanced level exams.

6. Secondary education is available to all children in Britain.

7. Only less than 5 % go to public schools.

8. Private schools where 13 — 19 years olds study are called independent schools.

9. The schools where pupils live and study are called boarding schools.

10. Many people believe that children should have equal opportunities at the start.

Ex.6 p.43

Secondary education is free and compulsory. General educational schools have three stages: primary, basic and senior.

Elementary school is compulsory in Ukraine.

At the age of 6 children start going to school in our county.

There are primary, basic and senior schools and there are also new types of schools like gymnasiums, lyceums and private schools for gifted children. An important role has the educational training schools. Post-secondary is provided by technical schools and colleges training young specialist and institutions of higher learning: universities, academics and institutes.

Children stude Math, Physics, Chemistry, the Ukrainian, the Russian and the English languages, Ukrainian and World Literatures, History, Geography, Biology, Art, Music. PT and others.

Ex.5 p.43

1. compulsory

2. available

3. primary

4. grades

5. basic

6. senior

7. schooling

8. curriculum

9. private

10. provided

11. junior

12. educational

SPEAKING

Ex.1 p.44

What does your classroom look like? Would you like to change anything about your class? - Our classroom is small, but light. There are new 8 desks and 16 chairs, a black-board, one teacher’s table and a chair. As for as our classroom is specialized one there is a good equipment for studying English with computer equipment and different table on the walls. I don’t want to change any think about our class. There are a lot of flowers on windowsills.

My favorite subject is English. I think it very much depends on the teacher. She is very tactful and patient. We never see her face angry or unfriendly and she is a very good professional. I think it is useful to know English because it is international language. When I come home I have dinner, then I rest a little. Sometimes I talk to my friends over the telephone. After that I start preparing for lessons. I do not often forget to do my homework. I am neither hard-working nor lazy student.

Have you ever been late for school? When? Why? What happened? - No, I haven’t. I live not far from my school.

I don’t like to be a teacher because I think it is very hard to teach children and communicate with their parents.

We have an opportunity to take part in dramatic, sport and art chubs. As far as I like basketball I participate in school and interschool sports competitions.

Ex.2 p.44

1. I started school at the age of 7.

2. It was general educational school.

3. I have never changed school.

4. I’m going to take Math, History. Ukrainian and English.

5. As the most of friends and classmates I am going to enter the university or some other higher educational institution.

USE YOUR ENGLISH

Ex.1 p.45

1. She won’t start primary school if she isn’t four years old (e)

2. She won’t pass her exams if she doesn’t learn hard (d)

3. I’ll have to go to a new school I pass my “A” level exams (0

4. If I get home I’ll do any homework at once (c)

5. I think I’ll go on holiday if I finish my exams (a)

6. Her parents will get her a present if she gets good marks (b)

Ex.2 p.45

1. b) opportunities

2. c) elementary

3. a) secondary

4. c) takes a test

5. b) do well

6. c) does well

7. a) education

8. b) advanced

9. b) school

10. b) available

11. b) secondary

12. b) take

13. c) need help

Ex.3b p.45

Subject	Exams	School	Age	Grade
Art, Music, FT, Math, Reading		kindergarten	1 -6
Reading, Writing, Literature, Ukrainian, English, Russian, Maths, Nature, Art, Music, FT, Labour Training		Secondary school: Primary school (compulsory)	6-9	first grade second grade third grade fourth grade
Literature, Math, History, Geography, Botany, Biology. FT, Labour Training, Music, Physics, English, Russian, Ukrainian, Art, Music	Ukrainian Math English	Basic school (compulsory)	10-14	fifth grade sixth grade seventh grade eighth grade ninth grade
Literature, Math,	Ukrainian	Senior	15-17	tenth grade
History, Geography,	Math	school.		eleventh
Botany. Biology.	English	Vocational		grade
PT, Labour	Chemistry	Training		twelfth
Training, Music,	Geography	schools,		grade
Physics, English,	History	Technical
Russian. Ukrainian,		school,
Chemistry		college, Institutions of Higher learning. University, Academy

Ex.4 p. 47

1. I’ve been studying English for 9 years.

2. We learnt to read, write and speak English. After our teacher had explained us new expressions and words we wrote down new words into our vocabularies. We retold texts, asked and answered questions, made up dialogues. We wrote grammar tests, dictations and compositions.

3. I got on well with everybody.

4. I have tried learning German. It was successfully. I can speak

German.

5. My best language teacher I’ve ever had is my teacher of German.

Ex.5 p.47

(1) B So most things are published in English, and if you want to keep up with the latest ideas in any subject, you need English.

(2) I) There are courses in General English, Technical English, Business English and so on.

(3) A In particular, you should try to talk to other students from your own county who have been to a language school to find out what you should expect.

(4) C This is a good opportunity to improve your English and to learn a lot about everyday life.

Ex.7 p.48

1. If they offer accommodation with an English family I’ll attend Lawton College.

2. I’ll prefer Bristow College if they organize visits to places of interest.

3. If they provide extra classes in English for Business I’ll choose Shepton College.

4. I’ll apply to Frampton College if they arrange accommodation in student hostels.

WRITING

Ex.1 p.49

A - 2

B - 5

C - 4

D- 1

E-3

Ex.2 p.49

1.-C

2.-B

3.-E

4.-A

5.-D

Ex.3 p.50

1.E

2.G

3.F

4.A

5.H

6.B

7.C

8.D

Ex.4 p.51

Sumska Street

Kharkiv

22 April, 2013

Dunstan College

Dear Sir,

I am writing to apply to the course in Daunston College for full-

time summer school in August.

I am 22 years old. I’ve graduated from Kharkiv National University and have got Barchelor degree in Management, f want to improve my knowledge of English, because I need it for studying as a postgraduate student. I’m clearly realized that in order to get a good job one should know English. It is the language of communication, business, science and culture. I think English is worth studying. I am sure every well-educated person should speak English. I want to pass TOEFL test and hold a certificate for good points.

I look forward to receiving your response.

Your faithfully,

Vlad Ivanov

CHECK YOUR SKILLS

Ex.1 p.52

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.E

5.F

6.C

Ex.2 p.52