Methodology of statistical quality control
It is known that operational management of quality at the enterprise working on the ISO 9000 models is carried out with use of the statistical methods presented in the corresponding international and domestic standards. Initial information for work of the procedures given in these standards are results of measurement of the parameters of production defining quality of end products. Measurements are performed at various stages of a production cycle and consolidated in the corresponding databases of an enterprise management system.
Statistical methods of information processing are developed for a long time and widely presented in special literature on mathematical statistics. These methods found reflection in the corresponding standards, as in our country, and abroad. They gained the special importance in the defensive industry where the close attention was always paid to a problem of quality.
Until recently broad application of statistical methods restrained the low level of automation of collecting and storage of information on productions, but in recent years in information technologies there was an essential shift - in design and production management there was a wide range of software products.
The most important source of growth of production efficiency is continuous increase of a technological level and quality of products. For technical systems rigid functional integration of all elements therefore in them there are no minor elements which can be poor designed and made is characteristic. Thus, the modern level of development considerably toughened requirements to a technological level and quality of products in general and their separate elements. System approach allows to choose objectively scales and the directions of quality management, types of production, a form and the methods of production providing the greatest effect of the efforts and means spent for improvement of quality of production. System approach to improvement of quality of products allows to lay the scientific foundation of the industrial enterprises, associations, the planning bodies.
Development of statistical approach to quality control began in 1920 in the USA when V. Styuard for the first time applied statistical methods to measurement and quality control.
Advantages of this approach became obvious at once. Instead of exercising control at a final production phase, the level of quality was traced during all production that became possible thanks to the charts and schemes which are specially developed for this purpose in which all major stages of process of production were reflected. The developed technology allowed not only to check quality of products, but also to reveal and that the most valuable, quickly to rectify technical faults and failures in production.
According to practicians, V. Stewart's methodology promoted improvement of quality of the let-out products. V. Stewart emphasized that the system developed by him is aimed at identification and elimination of the reasons of emergence of the marriage caused by failure in technological process.
Right after World War II in the USA and Great Britain on the basis of V. Stewart's concept there were technologies of measurement, an assessment and quality control considerably strengthened by statistical methods. Bases of the concept of quality management which for the short period of time was transformed to the concept of TQM were for the first time created. Experts claim that TQM was the key factor of success of the Japanese industry which allowed production of the Japanese companies to take in short terms the leading positions in the world market.