State Automobile Inspectorate of Ukraine
State Automobile Inspectorate controls the road traffic. State Automobile Inspectorate of Ukraine is a separate structure, though it is a part of Ministry of Home Affairs. With the exception of the State Automobile Inspectorate of Ukraine all other police workers are strongly prohibited to interfere in the traffic in Ukrainian roads and even to stop the vehicles.
Currently the State Automobile Inspectorate of Ukraine conducts its activity in a way that the traffic police inspectors perform their duties only in patrol cars with the special marking and they may stop the driver in the sole event when he/she violates the Ukrainian traffic rules. At night they are allowed to stop the cars only at the illuminated section of the roads in the settlements or near the roadside service facilities. So you could ask a question – if at night in the empty road someone who looks like an inspector of the State Automobile Inspectorate of Ukraine, requires the driver to stop, could he/she keep driving? Our answer is yes! The administration of the State Automobile Inspectorate of Ministry of Home Affairs informed that in such case the driver must contact the nearest police office and tell about the current situation.
Or you can call the hotline of the State Automobile Inspectorate of Ukraine at +38 044-272-46-59. You can call this hotline in any circumstances, in any situation strange for the driver or his/her passengers. Example: when the State Automobile Inspectorate worker charges you in violation which did not happen, or in case of problems with driving (vehicle breakdown).
Most often the foreigners who have already traveled in the Ukrainian roads do not complain of the traffic inspectors. They would tell you how to get to the destination and give you some advices. In general these guys are polite and tactful. The only problem is that almost nobody speaks any foreign language. If you do not speak Russian or Ukrainian you will have to use the sign language, or use the help of the professional interpreter. However, they say that soon there would be no such problems: within the scope of preparation to the European Football Championship EURO-2012 all police and State Automobile Inspectorate workers must master the English language – at least to the level which allows to make their demands and to answer the questions of the foreigners.
Task 1. Read and translate the text .
Task 2.Indentify the main points of the text and discuss them with your fellow-students.
Task 3.Work with partner and make up a dialog on the text.
MODULE 3
UNIT 7
Text Study: The Notion of Transport
Additional text: Filling stations in Ukraine
Grammar: The Infinitive. Different functions of “which”.
Text Study
Pre-reading exercises.
Exercise 1. Practice connected reading. Translate the following word-combinations.
Material production, economy and population, a unique transportation system, technical means, all kinds of transport, single transportation system, transportation services, the sphere of production, the sphere of consumption, economic development, the kinds of economic activity, international trade, important function of transport, automobile and pipeline transportation.
Exercise 2. Memories the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it.
1. inventory management - -управління товарно-матеріальними запасами. Inventory management presupposes gaining appropriate service level through increasing inventory.
2. in-sourcing --використання внутрішніх ресурсів. We should increase in-sourcing.
3.consignee --вантажоодержувач . Will you inform a consignee about the timing?
4.logistical environment –логістичне середовище.The role of inventory in logistical environment is of great importance.
5. measures of inventory commitment –обсяг зобо’язань стосовно товарно-матеріальних запасів. A business should follow the measure of inventory commitment.
6. net-rate pricing strategy –стратегія чистої ціни. Net-rate pricing
strategy reflects price - setting.
7.outsourcing –використання зовнішніх ресурсів. Outsourcing presupposes the usage of resources coming into an enterprise from the outer side.
8. performance cycle uncertainty –непередбачуваність щодо циклу виконання роботи.Performance cycle uncertainty deals with inventory
replenishment time variations.
9. pull inventory approach --реактивний підхід до політики управління запасами.Pull inventory approach can be called reactive approach.
10. shipment --вантажна декларація.A driver has already completed a shipment manifest.
Exercise 3. Read the following international words and give their all possible Ukrainian equivalents.
Transport, communications, territory, organization, economic, geographical, industrial systems, classification, cultural, centers, management, structure.
Reading
The Notion of Transport
Transport (from Latin "transportare" - to transfer, to take from place to place) is one of the most essential branches of material production, which provides production and non-production needs of economy and population in any kind of transfer. Concentration of diverse means of transport in a certain area creates a unique transportation system to satisfy the necessity in shipping loads, people, technical means, transport communications, etc. All kinds of transport are classified according: 1) to the way they are used - public usage (intra-productive, intra-airport, intra-plant, intra-built) and personal usage; 2) to the kind of transfer (passenger, freight); 3) to the means of transport (rail, sea, river, auto, air, city transport). In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "About transport" of 1994, Ukrainian single transportation system should meet the requirements of social production and national security, have branchy infrastructure to cover the whole spectrum of transportation services and guarantee efficient foreign-economic activity. Transport directly participates in the product creation delivering the finished goods from the sphere of production into the sphere of consumption. Moreover, it influences economic development being the major consumer of fuel-energy, metallurgic, machine-building, timber-industrial, chemical and other industrial systems. According to the classification of the kinds of economic activity, that has become the Act of Ukraine since June 1, 1997, transport is considered to be the one providing services. Thus, on the one hand, it continues production process through transferring goods (it belongs to the material production in this respect), and on the other hand, provides services for production and non-production enterprises and population.
Foreign-economic sense of transport is reflected in its being the material basis for international trade; in its social sense, transport facilitates labour (during freight transfers); in the cultural sense, transport enables visiting scientific, cultural centers inside the country and abroad, interchanging of printed materials, art masterpieces, exhibition equipment, etc. Defense capacity is the other important function of transport.
Transport development depends upon development and allocation of productive abilities of the state. The rational allocation, in its turn, depends on the whole transport system. Ukraine has favorable conditions for forming and allocating the transport system. They are branchy structure of agricultural system and its territory organization and , which ensures exploitation of rail, automobile and pipeline transportation. Flat area allows to lay the lines and to track the ways. Thanks to the outlet to the sea, the hugest seaports have been erected. Possessing the rivers Dnipro, Dunaj, Dnister and the Southern Buh, Ukraine has greatly developed its river transport.
Modern transportation system of Ukraine started its existence in 1860s with the development of the rail transport in the state. The first line Lviv - Pzemysl was laid and exploited in 1861.
Changes in the forms of property and management structure are caused by the lack of influence from the side of the state on the development of economy in general and its transport, in particular. Transport is the major source of earnings to the state budget. The quantity of employees in the transportation system in 1990-2000 counted 847,000 people. Nevertheless, the salary tends to grow at the beginning of the 21st century because of the stabilization in the sphere of transport. On the whole, to promote the development of all means of transport, the state should hold an efficient transportation policy.
Comprehension