II Find ing-forms, define them as the Gerund or the Participle; translate the sentences into Russian.

Task 1. Passive Voice

Choose the correct variant.

1. Most cars and motorbikes … petrol engines.

A) use

B) is used

C) are used

D) uses

2. Diesel engines … widely … in large vehicles as trucks and trains.

A) is … used

B) are … used

C) has been … used

D) is being … used

3. The engine … by water from the radiator.

A) cooled

B) are cooled

C) is cooled

D) are cooling

4. The electricity … in the battery.

A) stored

B) are stored

C) store

D) is stored

5. The main part of the engine … the block.

A) calls

B) is called

C) were called

D) are called

6. In 1745 Lomonosov … a professor at the Academy of Sciences.

A) appointed

B) is appointed

C) was appointed

D) were appointed

7. Mechanical properties … usually by tension, bend and hardness tests.

A) determined

B) is determined

C) was determined

D) determines

8. An aluminium alloy … for the cylinder block, cylinder head, manifolds and sump in the interest of weight reduction.

A) employs

B) employed

C) were employed

D) is employed

9. Piston ring performance … by a variety of factors to meet the trends in diesel engine design.

A) has been affected

B) have been affected

C) affected

D) are affected

10. Mass … in grams or kilograms.

A) measures

B) measured

C) is measured

D) are measured

Rewrite the following passage in the Passive.

Our apartment-block is starting a new scheme. We will collect all the old newspapers and tin cans. We will put them in a special container. When the container is full, the council will collect it. They will take it to a factory. The factory will recycle the newspapers and cans into something new.

Task 2. Infinitive

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1) Diesel engine manufactures frequently specify in detail the quality of fuel to be burned in their engines.

2) The amount of fuel injected can be varied to suit load requirements.

3) In the absence of any suitable highly rated single-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine, it has become necessary to install multicylinder turbocharged diesels for oil evaluation purposes.

4) With speed reduction, more air must be supplied to the cylinders to burn more fuel.

5) Before making the final decision on the type of finning to be used, the designer must consider the methods by which fins are produced.

Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to Complex Subject and Complex Object.

1) Pre-chamber engines are likely to give lower maximum cylinder pressures, smoother combustion, and cleaner exhaust than direct injection engines.

2) Quick warming-up is considered to be essential to economical cylinder life.

3) They reported the capacity of the new engine to have been increased.

4) The quietest type of roots blower seems to be the three lobed type with helical rotors.

5) In the modern compression-ignition engine the piston is usually regarded as the critical component, and it is likely to be of increasing importance as still higher specific outputs are demanded.

Task 3. Participle and Gerund

I Match the English and the Russian equivalents.

	including	А	рассмотренный
	moving	B	содержащий
	causing	C	движущийся
	containing	D	появляющийся
	received	E	вызывающий
	provided	F	включающий
	considered	G	обеспеченный
	appearing	H	полученный

II Find ing-forms, define them as the Gerund or the Participle; translate the sentences into Russian.

1) The engine lathe is used for great variety of metal operations, such as turning, drilling, screwcutting and many others.

2) The machine performs the following operations: cylindrical turning, facing, cutting, drilling, etc.

3) The single-column vertical turning mills are designed for roughing and finishing operations on parts made of steel, cast iron and non-ferrous metals.

4) For starting and stopping the table rotation the gearbox is provided with multidisc friction clutch.

5) This single lever controls all functions of the machine including all movements of the wheel slide, cross-feed, starting and stopping the work of the spindle.

6) Having used a new method we mechanized a number of operations.

7) Removing an injector is simple in theory but sometimes difficult in practice.

8) Good maintenance is a prime factor in reducing smoke from vehicle exhaust.

9) The engine must be capable of continuous operation with long service life, but overload on industrial engines is frequently uncontrolled, operators taking note only of serious underspeed.

10) The combustion chamber should be compact, a large surface area being a source of considerable heat loss during the compression stroke.

Task 4

Read the text