In 1980, IBM decided that there was a market for 250,000 PCs, so they set up a special team to develop the first IBM PC

I. Read the text and translate the highlighted paragraph from English into Russian. – прочтите весь текст и переведите выделенный параграф на русский язык.

Computer networks

Computer networks link computers by communication lines and software protocols, allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliably. Traditionally, networks have been split between wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs). A WAN is a network connected over long distance telephone lines, and a LAN is a localized network usually in one building or a group of buildings close together. The distinction, however, is becoming blurred. It is now possible to connect up LANs remotely over telephone links so that they look as though they are a single LAN. Originally, networks were used to provide terminal access to another computer and to transfer files between computers. Today, networks carry e-mail, provide access to public databases and bulletin boards, and are beginning to be used for distributed systems. Networks also allow users in one locality to share expensive resources, such as printers and disk-systems.

Distributed computer systems are built using networked computers that co-operate to perform tasks. In this environment each part of the networked system does what it is best at. The high-quality bitmapped graphics screen of a personal computer or workstation provides a good user interface. The mainframe, on the other hand, can handle large numbers of queries and return the results to the users. In a distributed environment, a user might use his PC to make a query against a central database. The PC passes the query, written in a special language (e.g. Structured Query Language - SQL), to the mainframe, which then parses the query, returning to the user only the data requested. The user might then use his PC to draw graphs based on the data. By passing back to the user's PC only the specific information requested, network traffic is reduced. If the whole file were transmitted, the PC would then have to perform the query itself, reducing the efficiency of both network and PC.

In the 1980s, at least 100,000 LANs were set up in laboratories and offices around the world. During the early part of this decade, synchronous orbit satellites lowered the price of long-distance telephone calls, enabling computer data and television signals to be distributed more cheaply around the world. Since then, fibre-optic cable has been installed on a large scale, enabling vast amounts of data to be transmitted at a very high speed using light signals.

The impact of fibre optics will be considerably to reduce the price of network access. Global communication and computer networks will become more and more a part of professional and personal lives as the price of microcomputers and network access drops. At the same time, distributed computer networks should improve our work environments and technical abilities.

II. Read this summary of the text and fill in the gaps using the list of words below. – прочитайте краткое содержание текста и заполните пробелы словами из предложенных ниже.

Computer networks link computers locally or by external communication lines and software ________ , allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliably. The __________ between local area and wide area networks is, however, becoming unclear. Networks are being used to perform increasingly diverse tasks, such as carrying e-mail, providing access to public databases, and for ____________ . Networks also allow users in one locality to share resources.

Distributed systems use networked computers. PCs or ________________ provide the user _________ . Mainframes process _____________ and return the results to the users. A user at his PC might make a query against a central database. The PC passes the query, written in a special language, to the mainframe, which then ____________ the query, returning to the user only the data requested. This allows both the network and the individual PC to operate efficiently.

In the 1980s, at least 100,000 _________ were set up world-wide. As _________ orbit satellites have lowered the price of long-distance telephone calls, data can be transmitted more cheaply. In addition, _____________ cable has been installed on a large scale, enabling vast amounts of data to be transmitted at a very high speed using light signals. This will considerably reduce the price of network access, making global networks more and more a part of our professional and personal lives. Networks should also improve our work ______________ and technical abilities.

distinction	protocols	fibre-optiс	synchronous
distributed systems	LANs	queries	workstations
environments	parses	screen handling

III. Read and translate the sentences from English into Russian. Underline the tense forms, voice of the underlined verbs. Write 5 questions of all basic types to the highlighted sentence. - Прочтите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите видовременную форму и залог выделенных глаголов. Поставьте 5 вопросов всех основных типов к выделенному предложению.

Model: When trade began to develop widely advertising was oral. – Когда торговля начала широко развиваться, реклама была устной.

began – Past Simple, Active Voice

was – Past simple, Active Voice

1. I'm sorry. I have forgotten to bring the report.- Don't worry. I'll get a copy from someone else.

2. If you require a demonstration of any of the products in our brochure please let me know which ones you are interested in and I will arrange it.

3. My report looked much better by the time I had finished.

4. By the time you arrive he will have written the programme.

5. It has been decided to reduce all salaries by 10 %.

In 1980, IBM decided that there was a market for 250,000 PCs, so they set up a special team to develop the first IBM PC.

IV. Rewrite these sentences using the passive, beginning with the words indicated. Pay attention to the tense form. – переделайте данные предложения в пассивный залог, используя предложенное начало. Обращайте внимание на употребленное время.

(Model: Employers payextra money to the peoplewho work overtime.