The vinnytsya national technical university
Vinnytsya National Technical University is an educational establishment of the fourth level of accreditation well known both in Ukraine and far abroad.
VNTU consists of 7 scientific and educational institutes:
· InAECCS (Institute of Automatics, Electronics and Computer Control Systems)
· InCETPEGS (Institute of Civil Engineering, Thermal Power Engineering and Gas Supply)
· InPEEEM (Institute of Power Engineering, Ecology and Electrical Mechanics)
· InITCE (Institute of Information Technologies and Computer Engineering)
· InMBT (Institute of Machine Building and Transport)
· InRETEIE (Institute of Radio Engineering, Telecommunication and Electronic Instrument Engineering)
· InM (Institute of Management)
and seven Integral Institutes, designed for the provision of training process:
The University trains 6000 day-time students, 1500 part-time students, 100 PhD and Doctor degree students, 1000 pre-University students.
The educational and scientific activity is conducted by 47 departments, 26 of which are running branch offices with the enterprises in Vinnytsia and Vinnytsia region. The 
departments are run by Doctors of Sciences, Professors(84% of teaching staff in the graduating departments and 72% of University teachers have scientific degrees and titles). 2% of University teaches have honorary title “Meritorious”. 10% are Academicians and Correspondent Members of State and Public Academies.
VNTU is the unique University in Ukraine as well as among the Countries of New Independent States to introduce in 1991 the three semester study system, two semesters of which are conducted following the curricula, and the third one is a working semester. During the working semester, the first year students obtain the working profession, corresponding to the future engineering one. The senior students are working on the enterprises independently, improving their qualification.
Department for Training and Production Integration has its representatives in all the industrial cities of Ukraine which allows to run the working semesters.
VNTU is given the highest IVth level of accreditation and trains students according to the three stage system Bachelor - Engineer – Master, following the curricula, which integrates the peculiarities of national and Canadian system of higher education.
Apart from acquiring the basic speciality, the students are allowed to get the second speciality by correspondence. Our University is also unique in Ukraine to 
allow students of any speciality with achievements in sports to obtain the additional specialization “Management of Organizations of Physical Culture and Sports”.
One more peculiarity of students. training in VNTU allows the Bachelors with the distinction who have the ability to scientific and educational activity to join Masters training courses after four years of Bachelor's training program.
Students of different specialities learn English for Specific Purposes on the level of technical translation, which allows them to join the oversees representative offices or work abroad.
University campus is located on the lot of 25 hectares in the city of Vinnytsia. 100 km away form Vinnytsia, the University owns 10 hectares with the University sports centre.
The first and second year students makes it possible to meet eminent people, authors, musicians, artists, theatre and film actors, politicians and religious figures and other people, who visit the University.
The University has the efficient system for training specialists of higher qualification, which has no analogues. Training of scientific and educational specialists is conducted on the post-graduated courses on 19 specialities and on the Doctoral courses on 4 specialities. There are 5 Specialized Scientific Councils for examination of PhD and Doctoral Thesis on 12 specialities. During the previous 10 years there had been defended 36 Doctoral and 255 PhD theses.
The University issues the social and political periodical “Impulse”, which is in demand in the region. The University scientific journals on technical, economic and pedagogic sciences, approved by the Highest Attestation Board of Ukraine, are: “Visnyk of Vinnytsia Polytechnic Institute”, “Optoelectronic Information”, “Power Technologies”, “Information Technologies and Computer Engineering”. Recently initiated scientific journal is “Modern Technologies, Materials and Constructions in Civil Engineering”. The journal “Sententiae” is specialized in the sphere of philosophical sciences.
VNTU is the only permanent member representing Ukraine in the International Association of Inventors IFIA with headquarters in Geneva. The scientists of VNTU are annually awarded medals for inventions presented on the invention exhibitions, organized by IFIA in Jassy /Romania/, Budapest / Hungary/, Sofia /Bulgaria/, Brussels /Belgium/, Geneva /Switzerland/, Pittsburg /USA/.
The University trains specialists with higher education on the level of Master and Philosophy Doctor in technical sciences for 69 countries in Africa, Asia, South and Central America.
GREAT BRITAIN
1. Another official name of the country is the United Kingdom (U.K. for short).
2. Great Britain is situated on the British Isles.
3. It consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
4. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties (графства).
5. More than 56 million people live in Great Britain.
6. The climate of Great Britain is mild, not very cold in winter and never hot in summer.
7. The rivers do not freeze in winter.
8. Snow never lies on the ground for a long time.
9. The mild and damp climate is very good for agriculture.
10. There are many rivers in Great Britain, but they are not long.
11. Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea.
12. The mountains in Great Britain are not high. The highest mountain in the Grampians is Ben Nevis.
13. The Language spoken is English, but Welshmen, Scotchmen and Irishmen speak their own languages in addition to English.
14. The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country.
15. The largest industrial cities are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester, Newcastle and Sheffield. London is the capital of Great Britain.
16. Now some words about the social system of Great Britain.
17. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy.
18. The Queen (or the King) is the formal head of the Government.
19. The country is ruled by the Parliament.
20. It consists of the House of Commons and House of Lords.
21. The Prime Minister is the real head of the Government.
22. In Great Britain there are 3 main political parties: Conservative, Labor and Liberal.
GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on two large islands called the British Isles and over five hundred small islands. The country consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
This country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea. It also has many good harbors easy to reach from any part of the world. England’s fisheries are famous. West winds from the Atlantic bring rain and help to make English winters mild. That is why the climate of the British Isles is normally mild.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. The older fields of industry are shipbuilding, coal-mining, textiles; metallurgical industries and the newer ones are electronics and electrical engineering, chemicals, aircraft and automobile industries. All of them are very important for Great Britain. The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh and Cardiff. Oxford and Cambridge are called University cities.
Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties.
In Great Britain the Queen (Elizabeth II) is formally at head of the country. But in fact the country is ruled by the Parliament consisting of two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister (Tony Blair) is the head of the Government.
GREAT BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban. The United Kingdom is made up of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used in the meaning of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London. The North Sea and the British Channel separate the British Isles from the Continent. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south-eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics and textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as Head of State.
GREAT BRITAIN
"Great Britain" has several different names. Some people say "Britain", or "the United Kingdom", or just "UK". There are four different countries in the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.
Altogether more than 56 million people live in Britain, many of them in big industrial cities like London, Liverpool and Manchester, but people are often surprised by how much of Britain is open country, with lonely hills and woods, quiet rivers, lakes and farmlands.
Many people think that the weather is cold and wet in Britain all the year round. But it isn't! True, it sometimes rains and even snows for days and days, but every year there are weeks of beautiful sunny weather then the British take off their sweaters and go out to sunbathe.
Britain is only a small country, but every part is different. Scotland is a land of mountains, lakes and romantic castles. The winters are cold, with plenty of snow, but the summers are often warm and sunny. Most farmers keep sheep, and they're many small factories, which make fine sweaters from their wool. In some parts of Scotland, there are very few people. Deer live in the hills, and the rivers are full of salmon. But Glasgow and Edinburgh are both large and busy, with all that is good (and bad) in modern cities.
Northern Ireland has it problems, but it has beauty, too. In the warm, wet climate, the grass grows a brilliant green, and much of the land is farming country. Belfast is a large industrial city with many fine buildings and big port from which ships come and go to Scotland and England. But Belfast has had many difficulty years, and it is not the busy place it once was.
A hundred years ago the north of England was industrial heart of the country. From the factories came cloth, wool, machines, engines and china. The old factories came have gone now and the workers have to look for jobs in the new "high-tech" industries. Outside the towns, much of this part of England is beautiful countryside, with green hills, lakes and sandy beaches. Fishing is still a big industry in the North East, and every night (except Sunday) the fishing boats go out to sea.
The centre of England (the "Midlands") is also an important industrial area, especially near the huge cities of Coventry and Birmingham, the centre of the car industry. But everyone, even in the heart of the modern city, there are buildings from older Britain - cathedrals, castles, and houses built hundred years ago.
Wales is a special place, a country of high mountains and pretty valleys. But Wales has plenty of industry, too, with many factories and coal mines.
The west of England is rich farming country. It produces milk, cream, butter, cheese and apples, which go to make cider, a popular drink. In the villages, country people often grow their own fruit, vegetables and flowers.
Some areas of Britain are very crowded. Around Manchester, in north west England, and Glasgow, in Scotland, are large city areas of houses and factories. The south east of England, too, has many towns and cities, including London, the giant capital. But quiet near London there are still some quiet villages and peaceful farms.
Britain is an island, of course, and you are never far from the sea. Some of the coast, especially in the west, is wild and rocky, with small, sandy beaches, and romantic old harbours. Other parts are industrial. The East Coast of Scotland, for example, is busy with oil rings and fishing boats. The most popular beaches are near the many holiday towns on the south coast, where the weather is usually warmer. It is here that Londoners come to relax.
GREAT BRITAIN
The UK of Creat Britain and Nothern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of 4 main countries which are England, Scotland, Scotland,Wales and Nothern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff and Belfast. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain (after its major island), England ( after its major historic part or the British Isles. The UK is an Island state. It is composed of some 5.500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain to the east and Ireland to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea. The area of the UK is 244,100 square kms. It is situated off to the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north and the North Sea on the east and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Straits of Dover (or Pas de Calais). Due to the geographical position of the country, the weather in GB is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening and the wrong side out. The english people say:"Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or t\when it rains all day long. The weather is the favourite conversational topic in GB. After they greet each other they start talking the weather.
The population of the UK is over 55 mln people. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British nation. English is not the only language. Scottish, Welsh and Irish are also used. The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It has its history. It all began in 1603 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The flag is made up of 3 crosses. The upright cross is the Cross of St.Jeorge, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St.Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross is the cross of St.Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. All of them are on the blue background. The national currency is pound.
Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into 2 main regions: Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines (or the Pennine Chain) and the Lake District. The highest mountain top is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, separating England and Wales, the Thames (the longest and the deepest one). The swiflest flowing river is the Spray. Also the Tweed is famous (the woolen fabric is made here). There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District is the most beautiful. The largest cities are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff. The capitals are: London in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland. Every country has its own national emblem. The red rose is the national emblem of England, the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland, the daffodils and the leek are the emblems of Wales and the shamrock (a kind of clover) is the emblem of Ireland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy.
The power of Queen Elizabeth II is not absolute. It is limited by Parliament. The legislative body, Parliament, consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The executive body consists of the central Government — that is the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are responsible for initiating and directing the national policy.
The Government derives its authority from the elected House of Commons. General elections, for all seats in the House of Commons, must be held at least every five years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in tho House of Commons. The leader of the party is appointed the Prime Minister by the Queen and chooses a team of ministers. The second largest party becomes the Official Opposition with its own leader and «Shadow Cabinet».
The House of Lords is a hereditary chamber.
In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs and traditionswhich are very strong. Great Britain is known to be a motherland of football. Two oldest Universities: Oxford and Cambridge are situated here.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. Lots of people are involved in service industries including financial, business and government services, computer services and information systems. There are science-based companies and research organizations.