The great belt east bridge
Н. В. Фалеева
ENGLISH
FOR
CIVIL ENGINEERS
Изд-во АлтГТУ
Барнаул 2013
Фалеева Н. В. English for civil engineers: учеб. пособие / Н. В. Фалеева; Алт. гос. техн. ун-т им. И. И. Ползунова. – Барнаул : Изд-во АлтГТУ, 2013. –с.
Учебное пособие по английскому языку предназначено для студентов 2-го курса, обучающихся по направлению «Строительство». Пособие состоит из 8 уроков. Каждый урок включает профессионально ориентированный аутентичный текст, список терминов с транскрипцией, вопросы для проверки понимания прочитанного и развития коммуникативных навыков. Разработанные задания способствуют усвоению и запоминанию специальных терминов, а также развитию навыков устной речи на профессионально- ориентированные темы
UNIT 1
| Civil Engineering |
| Preview Answer the questions. 1. Do you think Civil engineering is very important nowadays? Why? 2. What do you need to succeed in Civil Engineering ? 3. Do you think the construction industry needs well-trained and qualified managers, technologists and technicians? Why? |
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Alec Hammond is a student who is doing a degree at the University of Edinburgh the Department of Architecture. Jane Foster is a high school student who wants to go to college and follow a career in Civil engineering. She wants to know how the course is organized and what job opportunities she can get after graduation.
J: You're doing an HND in Civil engineering. How long does the course last?
A: It's a two-year course.
J: Why did you decide to do this course?
A: I left school at seventeen and started off as an Architectural Technician and...
J: What did that involve, being an Architectural Technician?
A: Doing all the technical drawings for the architects, things like that. We used a program called Autocad.
J:And what took you into that line of business?
A: Well, I was interested in architecture. My best subject at school, the one I enjoyed most, was Graphic communication. I decided to try to get a career using that. So, I went into an architect's office and was there for four years before I decided to start my HND.
J: Which subject appeals to you most?
A: Erm, the Theory of structures. I really enjoy it.
J:What do you like about it?
A: I like the maths and physics side of it, how the structure actually works.
J: Is any of the work in the lab?
A: We've got Materials this semester. We're in the lab every week - testing concrete and that sort of thing. On Fridays, there's Project work from 11.15 for most of the day. I've been at a structural engineering company learning how a civil engineering project is run.
J: What's the company working on?
A:They're turningan old office buildingintoa nightclub, restaurant, and five-star hotel. It's interesting to get on site and to speak to the engineers.
J: What's Complex communications on Wednesday?
A: Before and after lunch? It's about language. You have to pick something to do with engineering and write a report about it. Then present it to the other students.
J:What have you chosen?
A: I'm doing a project on a new bridge over the Forth, right here in Scotland. There's a lot of public opposition.
J: Do we need a new bridge?
A: Yes, the research I've done shows the present bridge is carrying ten times the amount of traffic it was designed for.
J: When you start work as a Civil Engineer, what do you want to build – houses or big structures like bridges and roads?
A: I'm more interested in the big structures like bridges.
J:You may have to go overseas for that.
A: That's one reason why I chose this career.
Notes:
HND [ˌeɪtʃ en ˈdɪː] – Higher National Diploma: a British qualification in a technical subject, usually gained by studying for two years at college
Edinburgh – [ˈedɪnbərə] - Эдинбург
Autocad[ˈɔːtəʊ kæd] – автоматизированное проектирование
Architectural [ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl] Technician [tekˈnɪʃən] – техник, технический специалист; механик, ремонтник
Graphic [ˈɡræfɪk] communication [ kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən] – графика
Theory [ˈθɪərɪ] of structures [ˈstrʌktʃər] – теория строительства
Materials [məˈtɪəriəlz] – материаловедение
II. VOCABULARY
| 1. civil engineering[ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ] Several students from the civil engineering department went to the laboratory. | гражданское строительство Несколько студентов с факультета гражданского строительства пошли в лабораторию. | ||
| 2. to do/take a course [kɔːs] You can do a language course abroad. | проходить учебный курс Ты можешь изучать язык за границей. | ||
| 3. to do/take a degree[dɪˈɡrɪː] She is doing a degree at Oxford University. | учиться, чтобы получить степень Она учится в университете Оксфорда. | ||
| 4. to leave [liːv] (left, left) school He left school last year. | заканчивать школу Он закончил школу в прошлом году. | ||
| 5. to start [stɑːt] off to do smth Let’s start off with a few questions from the audience. | начинать делать что-либо Давайте начнем с вопросов аудитории. | ||
| 6. to involve [ɪnˈvɒlv] The course involves a great deal of hard work. | включать в себя, предполагать Курс предполагает большой объем работы. | ||
| 7. to do(did, done)a drawing[ˈdrɔːɪŋ] The students didtheirdrawings in class. | выполнять чертёж, рисунок Студенты выполнили свои чертежи на занятии. | ||
| 8. to be interested in smth He is interested in Maths. | быть заинтересованным в чем-либо, интересоваться чем-либо Он интересуется математикой. | ||
| 9. architecture[ˈɑːkɪˌtektʃə] Andrea is studying architecture in Paris. | архитектура, зодчество, строительное искусство Андреа изучает архитектуру в Париже. | ||
| 10. to enjoy smth/doing smth[ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] Did you enjoy the party? Do you enjoy cooking? | получать удовольствие от чего-либо, наслаждаться чем-либо Тебе понравилась вечеринка? Ты любишь готовить? | ||
| 11. to decide[dɪˈsaɪd]to do smth He decided to stay and see what would happen. | решать, принимать решение, решаться сделать что-либо Он решил остаться и посмотреть, что произойдет. | ||
| 12. to make a career[kəˈrɪə] Some students want to make careers as engineers. | сделать карьеру Некоторые студенты хотят сделать карьеру инженера. | ||
| 13. to appeal to smb[əˈpɪːl] This story appeals to me much. | привлекать, интересовать кого-либо Эта история меня очень интересует. | ||
| 14. concrete[ˈkɒŋkrɪːt] The floors were made of concrete. | бетон Полы были сделаны из бетона. | ||
| 15. to run[rʌn](ran, run) a project Mr. Russell is running this project. | руководить проектом, осуществлять проект Мистер Расл руководит этим проектом. | ||
| 16. to work on smth[wɜːk] Don't worry about that, I'm working on it. | работать над чем-либо Не беспокойтесь, я работаю над этим. | ||
| 17. to turn smth into smth[tɜːn] They turnedan old office building into a new one. | реконструировать, превращать что-либо во что-либо Они реконструировали старое здание офиса. | ||
| 18. to get on site[ɡet] When students get onsite they must not break the regulations. | прийти на строительную площадку Когда студенты приходят на строительную площадку, они не должны нарушать инструкции. | ||
| 19. research[ˈrɪːsɜːtʃ] He likes to do research. | исследование, исследовательская работа Ему нравится заниматься исследовательской работой. | ||
| 20. to present smth to smb[prɪˈzent] The commission presented its report to the board. | представить что-либо кому-либо Комиссия представила свой доклад совету директоров. | ||
| 21. to design[dɪˈzaɪn] The bridge was designed by John Rennie. | проектировать, конструировать Мост был спроектирован Джоном Рене. | ||
III. READING COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the questions
1. What course does Alex do in Civil engineering?
2. How long does the course last?
3. How old was Alex when he started off as an Architectural Technician?
4. Why did Alex decide to follow a career in Civil engineering?
5. Where did Alex work when he decided to start his HND?
6. Which subjects does Alex really enjoy?
7. What work does Alex usually do in the lab?
8. What does Alex do on Fridays?
9. What appeals to Alex most when he does Project work?
10. What project is Alex doing now?
11. What does Alex want to build when he starts work as a Civil Engineer?
2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones
1. Alex does not do HND in Civil engineering.
2. Alex started off as an Architectural Technician after he left school.
3. Alex can’t do technical drawings.
4. Alex is interested in architecture.
5. Alex does not like Graphic communication.
6. Alex enjoys Theory of structures.
7. Alex is not in the lab every week.
8. Alex never does Project work.
9. At a structural engineering company Alex learns how a civil engineering project is run.
10. Students don’t have to pick something to do with engineering to write a report about it.
11. Students never do presentations.
3. Choose the correct word or word combination
1. I've been at a structural engineering company learning how a civil engineering project is ….
a. done b. designed c. run
2. I … as an Architectural technician when I left school.
a. turned b. started off c. finished
3. The present bridge is … ten times the amount of traffic it was designed for.
a. making b. carrying c. testing
4. I want to go on … a degree.
a. to make b. to do c. to decide
5. I am doing a ... on a new bridge.
a. subject b. project c. degree
6. He ... a course in Civil Engineering.
a. is taking b. is studying c. leaving
7. What subjects is he ... to be an engineer?
a. using b. enjoying c. studying
8. I ... in architecture.
a. was chosen b. was made c. was interested
9. Which subject ... to you most?
a. likes b. appeals c. enjoys
10. You have to ... a report to the other students.
a. present b. start off c. carry
4. Complete the sentences
1. I left school at seventeen and started off …
2. What took you…
3. My best subject at school, the one …
4. I decided to …
5. We're in the lab every week …
6. I've been at a structural engineering company …
7. They're turning an old office building into …
8. It's interesting to get on …
9. You have to pick something …
10. I'm doing a project on …
11. I'm more interested in …
IV. ANALYZE
1. Match the words and expressions with their Russian equivalents
| 1civil engineering | a сделать карьеру |
| 2to do drawings | b проходить учебный курс |
| 3to be interested in smth | c привлекать, интересовать |
| 4to get/make a career | d гражданское строительство |
| 5to turn smth into smth | e выполнять чертеж, рисунок |
| 6concrete | f интересоваться чем-либо |
| 7to present smth to smb | g бетон |
| 8to work on smth | h реконструировать что-либо |
| 9to appeal to smb | i представлять, показывать кому-либо что-либо |
| 10to do/take a course | j работать над чем-либо |
2. Match the words with their definitions
| 1a drawing | athe detailed study of something in order to discover new facts, especially in a university or scientific institution |
| 2 to decide | bto get pleasure from something |
| 3 a project | ca road, railway, or path that goes over a river, over another road etc., and the structure that supports it |
| 4 to present | da series of lessons or lectures in an academic subject or a practical skill |
| 5 research | ea picture that someone has drawn |
| 6 opposition | fto make a choice about what you are going to do |
| 7 a bridge | ga piece of work that involves collecting detailed information about something |
| 8 to enjoy | hto offer something for people to consider or judge |
| 9 a course | istrong disagreement with a plan or policy, especially when this is shown in active attempts to prevent something |
3. Put the words in the correct word order
1. Bridges / like / am / interested / I / in / big / more / the / structures / .
2. This / decide / did / you / why / to / course / do / ?
3. Subject / most / appeals / you / to / which / ?
4. Project / new / a / bridge / working / a / is / on / he / about / .
5. Materials / enjoy / I / subject / most / the / is / .
6. Materials / what / you / do / like / about / ?
7. Building / office / the / turned / company / an / new / into / one / a / old / .
8. Long / does / how / last / course / the / ?
9. Career / wants / as / John / a / get / to / engineer / an / .
10. Does / course / the / what / involve / ?
11. Have / students / do / research / to / the / .
12. Architects / our / was / bridge / the / designed / by / .
4. Give the English equivalents
проектировать, конструировать ………………………………………………….
архитектура ……………………………………………………………………….
интересоваться чем-либо………………………………………………………...
представить что-либо кому-либо………………………………………………...
включать в себя, предполагать………………………………………………….
выполнять чертеж, рисунок…….…………………………………………………
реконструировать ………………………………………………………………..
исследование ………………………………………………………………………
решать, принимать решение сделать что-либо......………………………………
работать над чем-либо…………………………………………………………...
делать карьеру …..…………………………………………………………………
получать удовольствие от чего-либо………………..…………………………...
заканчивать школу ………………………………………………………………..
проходить учебный курс ………………………………………………………….
руководить проектом, осуществлять проект …………………………………
5. Prove the following statements
1. Alex was interested in architecture when he went into an architect’s office.
2. Alex does some work in the lab.
3. Scotland needs a new bridge.
V. TRANSLATE
1. Алекс интересуется архитектурой…..............................
……………………………………………………………….
2. Какой предмет нравится вам больше всего?.................
…………………………………………………………………..
3. Как долго длится курс обучения?...................................
…………………………………………………………………..
4. Что вы изучаете?..............................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Студенты должны представлять свои проекты другим студентам.................
…………………………………………………………………………………...
6. Эта компания строит новые и реконструирует старые офисные здания. .....
…………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Кто руководит проектом?………………………………………………………
8. Я работаю над проектом нового моста.............................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………...
9. Хотите ли вы сделать карьеру в какой-либо из областей строительства?.....
…………………………………………………………………………………...
10. Чем вы хотите заняться, когда закончите курс?...............................................
………………………………………………………………………………...…
VI. SPEAK
1. Interview
Work in pairs and prepare an interview
Student A is a high school student who wants to go to college and follow a career in Civil engineering.
Student B is a student who is doing an HND in Civil engineering.
2. Speak about the course you are taking at your university and the job opportunities you can have after graduation
UNIT 2
| Architect |
| Preview Answer the questions. 1. What makes young people follow a career in architecture and design? 2. Do you think it is difficult to be an architect? Why? 3. What responsibilities may an architect have during the construction period? |
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
When an architect receives a commission for a building, he meets the client and discusses his requirements. After visiting the site, the architect draws up preliminary plans and, together with a rough estimate of the cost, submits them to the client for his approval. If the client suggests changes, the architect incorporates them into the final design which shows the exact dimension of every part of the building. At this stage, several building contractorsare invited to bid for the job of constructing the building. When they submit their tenders or prices, the architect assists his client in selecting the best one and helps him to draw up a contract between the client and the contractor.
Work now starts on the building. As construction proceeds, the architect makes periodic inspections to make sure that the building is being constructed according to his plans and that the materials specified in the contract are being used. During the building period, the client pays the bills from the contractor. Subsequently, the contractor completes the building and the client occupies it. For six months after completion there is a period known as the ‘defects liability period’. During this period, the contractor must correct any defects that appear in the fabric of the building. Finally, when all the defects have been corrected, the client takesfull possession of the building.
II. VOCABULARY
| 1. commission [kəˈmɪʃən] “Let me give you your first commission now”, Mr Clive; | заказ - Разрешите предложить вам первый заказ, мистер Клайв. |
| 2. requirement [rɪˈkwaɪəmənt] essential requirement to fulfill a requirement The requirement was satisfied. | требование важное требование выполнять требование Требование было выполнено. |
| 3. site [saɪt] bridge site building site road The site area is 230 x 260 m. | строительная площадка место строительства моста подъездные пути к стройке Площадка имеет размеры 230 х 260 м. |
| 4. to draw [drɔː], (drew, drawn) to draw a picture to draw up a contract We'll notify her to draw up a contract. | чертить, рисовать рисовать картину составить контракт Мы попросим её (дадим ей задание) составить контракт. |
| 5. estimate [ˈestɪmət] rough[ rʌf] estimate accurate estimate approved estimate This figure is just a rough [rʌf] estimate. | оценка приблизительная оценка. точная оценка утвержденная смета Данная цифра – лишь приблизительная оценка. |
| 6. to submit [səbˈmɪt] to submit a plan to submit a tender to submit smth to smb's consideration to submit for approval We have decided to submit a draft resolution on this item. | представлять, предлагать представлять план на рассмотрение представлять заявку на подряд представить что-либо на чье-либо рассмотрение представлять на утверждение Мы решили представить проект резолюции по этому пункту. |
| 7. approval [əˈpruːvəl] design approval approval of a building to submit smth for approval They submitted their preliminary plan for approval. | одобрение, утверждение утверждение проекта приемка здания представлять что-либо на утверждение Они представили свой предварительный план для одобрения. |
| 8. to incorporate [ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt] You can incorporate many of those techniques [tekˈniːks] into your work. | объединять Вы можете воспользоваться многими изметодов в своей работе. |
| 9.dimension [daɪˈmenʃən] dimension on a drawing fixing dimension Standard bricks, however, have small dimensions, and building houses from them requires considerable labor inputs. | размер размер на чертеже монтажный размер Однако стандартные кирпичи имеют малые размеры, и постройка дома из них весьма трудоемка. |
| 10. to bid for smth [bɪd] (bid/bade, bidden) to bid for a job Several contractors [kənˈtræktə] bid for the job. to bidsmth for smth They bid £300 for the painting. | предлагать цену за выполнение работы или оказание услуг Несколько подрядчиков принимали участие в тендере. предлагать какую-либо цену за что-либо Они предложили 300 фунтов за картину. |
| 11.to assist [əˈsɪst] 'Can I assist you, sir?' asked Wegg. | помогать - Не помочь ли вам, сэр? - спросил Вегг. |
| 12.to take possession of smth [teɪk] [pəˈzeʃ(ə)n] Thousands of people have been killed just to take possession of their properties. | становиться владельцем, вступать во владение Тысячи людей были убиты только ради того, чтобы завладеть их имуществом. |
III. READING COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the questions
1. What possible organizational relationships between the client, architect and contractor does the text describe?
2. When does the architect meet the client to discuss his requirements?
3. When does the architect give the client a rough estimate?
4. When do the architect and the client discuss the preliminary plan?
5. What does the final design show?
6. When does the contractor submit his tender?
7. Who helps the client to choose the contractor and sign a contract with him?
8. Why does the architect make periodic inspections?
9. What is the contractor responsible for?
10. When does the client take full possession of the building?
2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones
1. The client gives the architect his commission.
2. The architect visits the site and draws up preliminary plans which he submits to the client for his consideration.
3. The architect never incorporates the client’s changes into the final design.
4. The client sets the cost limit.
5. The architect chooses the contractor.
6. The contractor draws up a contract between the architect and the client.
7. Periodically, the contractor submits his bills to the client.
8. The architect is not responsible for making periodic inspections during the building period.
9. The contractor corrects any defects in the building.
10.The architect takes full possession of the building after the defects liability period.
3. Choose the correct word or word combination
1. After receiving a commission the architect meets the client and discusses his ....
a. proposals b. offers c. requirements
2. After visiting the site, the architect draws up ... plans.
a. rough b. preliminary с. periodic
3. The architect ... preliminary plans together with a rough estimate to the client for his approval.
a. submits b. offers c. improves
4. If the client ... changes, the architect incorporates them into the final design.
a. corrects b. selects с. suggests
5. The final design shows the exact ... of every part of the building.
a. dimension b. inspection c. completion
6. Several building contractors are invited to ... the job of constructing the building.
a. look for b. bid for с. get
7. The architect assists his client in selecting the best ...
a. bill b. price с. tender
8. The architect helps his client to draw up a contract with the ...
a. provider b. inspector c. contractor
9. During the building period the client ... the bills from the contractor.
a. beats b. foots c. pays
10. As construction proceeds, the architect makes periodic ...
a. corrections b. inspections c. approvals
11. During the building period the client ... the bills from the contractor.
a. beats b. foots c. pays
12. The contractor ... the building and the client occupies it .
a. discusses b. suggests c. completes
13. The contractor must correct any defects that appear in the fabric of the building during the ‘defects liability period’.
a. costs b. changes c. defects
4. Complete the sentences
1. When an architect receives a commission for a building ...
2. After visiting the site, the architect submits preliminary plans and a rough estimate of the cost ...
3. If the client suggests changes ...
4. Several building contractors are invited ...
5. The architect assists his client ...
6. During the building period the client ...
7. Subsequently, the contractor completes ...
8. For six months after completion ...
9. The contractor must correct ...
10. Finally, when all the defects ...
IV. ANALYZE
1. Match the words and expressions with their Russian equivalents
| 1 to receive a commission | aобсуждать требования |
| 2to discuss requirements | bпредлагать изменения |
| 3rough estimate | cоплачивать счет |
| 4to submit a plan | dсоставить контракт |
| 5to suggest changes | eвступать во владение |
| 6to make up a contract | fпредставить план на рассмотрение |
| 7to make inspections | gисправлять дефекты |
| 8to pay a bill | hпредварительная оценка |
| 9to correct defects | iполучать заказ |
| 10to take possession | jпроводить проверку |
2. Match the words with their definitions
| 1architect | aa formal written offer to provide goods or services for a particular price |
| 2site | bsomething that a rule, law, contract etc states that you must do or something that is needed in order for something else to happen |
| 3 approval | csomeone whose job is to design buildings |
| 4 contractor | dto offer to do work or provide a service for a particular amount of money |
| 5 client | ean area of land where something is being built or could be built |
| 6 requirement | fa person or company whose job is to provide goods or to do work for another person, organization, company etc at a particular price |
| 7 to bid | gan amount that you guess or calculate using the information available |
| 8 tender | ha positive feeling that you have towards someone or something that you think is good or suitable |
| 9 estimate | isomeone who pays for the services of a professional person or uses a service that provides help or advice |
2. Put the words in the correct word order
1. Requirements / an / discusses / receives / meets / commission/ he / a/ the / client / and / architect / his / when / .
2 .Plans / the / visiting / after / architect / the / preliminary / draws / site / up / .
3. Suggest / the / changes / client / may / .
4. Building/are/contractors/invited / to / the/bid/of/constructing/for/job / the / .
5. Submits / the / tender / contractor / his / .
6.Contractor / in / assists / client / his / best / the / selecting / architect / the / .
7. Architect / proceeds / the / makes / as / construction / inspections / periodic / .
8. Period / pays / client / the / bills / the / contractor / the / from / during / building / the / .
9. Completes / the / contractor / building / the / occupies / the / client / and / it / .
10. Defects / must / contractor / any / correct / the / .
3. Give the English equivalents
архитектор..........................................................................................................
клиент......................................................................................................................
получать заказ.........................................................................................................
обсуждать требования..............................................................................................
строительная площадка.......................................................................................
предварительный................................................................................................
приблизительный / примерный...........................................................................
одобрение..............................................................................................................
предлагать изменения..........................................................................................
вносить / включать изменения................................................................................
размер..................................................................................................................
представлять заявку на подряд............................................................................
составить контракт................................................................................................
проводить проверку..................................................................................................
оплачивать счет......................................................................................................
завершать.............................................................................................................
исправлять дефекты.............................................................................................
вступать во владение............................................................................................
4. Prove the following statements
4. It is necessary for the architect and the client to discuss preliminary plans.
5. The contractor needs to bid for the job of constructing the building.
6. The architect is to make periodic inspections during the construction period.
V. TRANSLATE
1. Когда архитектор получает заказ, он встречается с клиентом и обсуждает с ним его требования………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
2. После посещения строительной площадки архитектор разрабатывает предварительные планы.…….....
………………………………………………………………….
3. Если клиент предлагает изменения, архитектор вносит их в окончательный дизайн-проект…………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
4. Несколько подрядчиков приглашаются для участия в тендере……………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Архитектор помогает клиенту выбрать лучшего подрядчика и составить с ним контракт……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...
6. Во время строительства архитектор проводит периодические проверки….
…………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Во время строительства клиент оплачивает счета, выставляемые подрядчиком……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...
8. Подрядчик завершает строительство и клиент занимает здание…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………...
9. Шесть месяцев после завершения – это период, который известен как «гарантийный срок эксплуатации здания»…………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………...
10. Во время этого периода подрядчик обязан устранять все дефекты………...
…………………………………………………………………………………...
11. В конечном счете, когда все дефекты удалены, клиент вступает в полное владение зданием………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...
VI. SPEAK
1. Interview
Work in pairs and prepare an interview with an experienced architect.
Student A is a high school student who wants to go to college and follow a career in Civil engineering.
Student B is an architect.
2. Speak about possible organizational relationships between the client, architect and contractor
UNIT 3
| Tunnel Engineer |
| Preview Answer the questions. 1. Why tunnels are very necessary nowadays? 2. Can you imagine modern life without tunnels? Why? 3. Do you think cutting tunnels is dangerous? If so, why? |
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
TANNEL ENGINEER
Helen is a Tunnel Engineer at the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. She believes tunnel construction is fantastic.
I'm a Tunnel Engineer. I'm 31. I've got a degree in Engineering from Manchester University. I've been working on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link for the last three years. It's a high-speed rail route linking the centre of London to the Channel Tunnel.
There aren't many women in my position, in charge of large gangs of men, but I don't have any problems. I'd like to see more women Engineers.
Two long sections of the line through London are in tunnels - a total of 17.4 kilometres.
We used six huge laser-guided tunnel-boring machines. They cut 100 metres a day with astonishing accuracy - a tolerance of just 25 millimetres. They had names, like ships - Annie, Bertha, Judy, and so on.
It was a real engineering challenge. In some areas near the Thames the ground is so wet that the tunnel is almost floating. There were pumps running 24 hours a day to drainthe water away. Nearer the centre we had to avoid tube tunnels and sewers, and digunder buildings without weakening their foundations.
There are always dangers in tunnel construction, but we had only two serious incidents - a truck fire that destroyed much of the concrete lining in one area and a collapse where several gardens in east London disappeared into the tunnel.
It's been a fantastic project. It makes it possible to reach Paris in two and a quarter hours. It will be here for at least 100 years, probably much longer. This is the reason I became an Engineer.
Notes:
Manchester [ˈmænˌtʃestə] – Манчестер
Channel Tunnel [ˈtʃæn(ə)l, ˈtʌn(ə)l] – a train tunnel under the English Channel between England and France – тоннель под Ла-Маншем
II. VOCABULARY
| 1. to link[lɪŋk] Several new roads will link the southern and northern regions of the country. | соединять, связывать Несколько новых дорог свяжут южные и северные регионы страны. |
| 2. position [pəˈzɪʃn] There are 12 women in management positions within the company. | положение, должность В компании 12 женщин занимают руководящие должности. |
| 3. gang [ɡæŋ] You look like you could boss a gang. | бригада, группа (рабочих) У вас такой вид, словно вы умеете командовать бригадой. |
| 4. to guide [ɡaɪd] We had only the stars to guide us. | руководить, управлять Мы могли ориентироваться только по звездам. |
| 5. laser[ˈleɪzə] Computer technology and laser beams can be used to control the weather. | лазер Компьютерные технологии и лазерные лучи могут использоваться для управления погодой. |
| 6. machine[məˈʃiːn] John showed him how to operate the machine. | машина, механизм, станок Джон показал ему, как управлять машиной. |
| 7. astonishing [əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ] He was eating his food with astonishing speed. It's astonishing how much the place has changed. | поразительный, удивительный Он ел с поразительный скоростью. Поразительно, как изменилось место. |
| 8. accuracy [ ˈækjʊrəsɪ] The accuracy of the report cannot be checked. | точность Точность отчёта не может быть проверена. |
| 9. tolerance [ˈtɒlərəns] Thetoleranceis just 25 millimetres. | допустимое отклонение Допустимое отклонение – 25 миллиметров. |
| 10. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] The new government faces the challenge of completing the building on time. | сложная задача Новое правительство столкнулось с задачей завершить строительство здания вовремя. |
| 11. wet [wet] In some areas near the Thames the ground is so wet that the tunnel is almost floating. | влажный, жидкий В некоторых местах возле Темзы грунт настолько насыщен водой, что тоннель почти плавает. |
| 12. to float [fləʊt] Leaves and twigs floatedon the water. | плавать Листья и ветки плавали в воде. |
| 13. pump [pʌmp] The pumpswere running 24 hours a day to drain the water away. | насос, помпа Насосы работали 42 часа в сутки, чтобы откачать воду. |
| 14. to drain [dreɪn] All water tanks and pipes should be drained. | осушать, отводить воду, осуществлять дренаж Все емкости с водой и трубы должны быть осушены. |
| 15. to avoid a sewer [əˈvɔɪd ˈsuːə] Nearer the centre we had to avoid sewers. | избегать, обходить коллектор (канализационную трубу) Ближе к центру города нам пришлось обходить канализационные коллекторы. |
| 16. to dig [dɪɡ] (dug, dug) We dug a hole and planted a tree. | копать, рыть Мы выкопали яму и посадили дерево. |
| 17. to weaken [ˈwiːkən] Stress can weaken the immune [ɪˈmjuːn] system. | ослаблять Стресс может ослабить иммунную систему. |
| 18. lining [ˈlaɪnɪŋ] The fire destroyed much of the concrete lining in the tunnel. | облицовка Пожар разрушил большую часть бетонной облицовки тоннеля. |
III. READING COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the questions
1. What company does Helen work in?
2. How old is she?
3. What is Helen’s position in the company?
4. How many women in the position of a Tunnel Engineer are there in the company?
5. How long are the two sections of the line through London?
6. How many tunnel-boring machines did the company use?
7. How many metres did the machines cut a day?
8. What were the names of the machines?
9. Why did the company use pumps?
10. What was the ground like in some areas near the Thames?
11. What engineering challenge did the company have?
12. What two serious incidents did the company have while constructing tunnels in London?
13. How long does it take to get from London to Paris using the Channel Tunnel?
2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones
1. Helen has got a degree in engineering.
2. Helen has been working as a civil engineer for three years.
3. She always has problems being in the position of a Tunnel Engineer.
4. Helen wants to see men Engineers.
5. The company used huge tunnel-boring machines.
6. The laser-guided tunnel-boring machines ran 24 hours a day to drain the water away.
7. The machines had nicknames.
8. The company never faced any engineering challenge.
9. The company never had serious incidents while constructing tunnels in London.
10. It is not possible to get from London to Paris in two and quarter hours.
3. Choose the correct word or word combination
1. Helen …. a Tunnel Engineer.
a. works b. is c. becomes
2. She has got a ... in Engineering from Manchester University.
b. degree b. position c. job
3. Helen ... on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link for the last three years.
a. has got b. has been working c. has been
4. She’d like to see more ... Engineers.
a. woman b. tunnel c. women
5. We used six ... laser-guided tunnel-boring machines.
a. astonishing b. weakening c. huge
6. It was a real engineering ... .
a. danger b. challenge c. problem
7. There were pumps running 24 hours a day ... the water away.
a. to avoid b. to disappear c. to drain
8. It’s been a ... project.
a. serious b. possible c. fantastic
9. We had only two serious ... .
a. reasons b. incidents c. hours
10. It makes possible ... Paris in two and a quarter hours.
a. to link b. to dig c. to reach
11. There are always dangers in ... construction.
a. concrete b. tunnel c. foundation
12. This is the reason I ... an Engineer.
a. disappeared b. became c. was
4. Complete the sentences
1. I’ve been working ...
2. It’s a high-speed …
3. There aren’t many …
4. Two long sections ...
5. We used ...
6. They cut 100 metres …
7. They had names …
8. There are always ...
9. In some areas near …
10. Nearer the center we had to …
11. We had only two ....
12. It’s been ...
IV. ANALYZE
1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents
| 1astonishing accuracy | a исчезать |
| 2a pump | b управляемый лазером |
| 3incident | c насос |
| 4collapse | d разрушать |
| 5laser-guided | e высокоскоростной |
| 6concrete | f бурильная машина |
| 7high-speed | g бетон |
| 8tunnel-boring machine | h инцидент, происшествие |
| 9to disappear | i поразительная точность |
| 10to destroy | j разрушение, обрушение |
2. Match the words with their definitions
| 1sewer | aa job in a company |
| 2 to avoid | bto make a structure more likely to break |
| 3 position | cto make a hole in earth or sand using your hands, a machine or a tool |
| 4 to weaken | dsomething that needs a lot of skill, energy, and determination to deal with or achieve, especially something you have never done before and will enjoy doing |
| 5 to link | eto try not to go near someone or something |
| 6 to dig | fto get rid of the water in an area of land so that it can be used for farming or building on |
| 7 challenge | gto arrive somewhere |
| 8 to drain | han underground pipe or passage that carries sewage |
| 9 accuracy | ito connect two or more places |
| 10to reach | jthe quality of being accurate |
3. Put the words in the correct word order
1. Women / there / in / aren’t / many / position / my / .
2. Engineers / I’d / more / see / to / like / women / .
3. Machines / used / six / laser-guided / we / tunnel-boring / huge / .
4. Areas / some / in / tunnel / the / almost / floating / is / .
5. Gardens / tunnel / the / several / into / disappeared / in / London / east / .
6. Fire / area / in / the / destroyed / concrete / the / lining / one / of / much / .
7. Project / been / it / fantastic / a / has / .
8. Day / cut / a / they / 100 metres / astonishing / with / accuracy / .
9. Ships / had / names / they / like / .
10. Engineering / it / real / a / challenge / was / .
11. Tunnels / avoid / to / sewers / and / tube / had / we / .
12. Buildings / dig / had / to / we / under / foundation / weakening / their / without / .
4. Give the English equivalents
соединять…………………………………………………….……………………
положение, должность…………………………………………………………..
руководить, управлять……………………………………………………….....
машина, механизм…………….………………………………………………….
поразительный, удивительный…………………………………………………
точность……………………….………………………………………………….
допустимое отклонение.…………………………………………………………
сложная задача…………….…………………………………………………….
плавать……………………………………….......………………………………
насос, помпа………...…………………………………………………………...
канализационная труба, коллектор….…………………………………………
избегать, действовать в обход……………………..…………………………...
копать, рыть….…………………………………………………………………..
ослаблять……………...…………………………………………………………
разрушать…………………………………….………………………………….
исчезать ………………………………………………………………………….
5. Prove the following statements
7. There are always dangers in tunnel construction.
8. There aren’t many women in the position of a Tunnel Engineer.
9. It is a real engineering challenge to cut a tunnel under a large city like London.
V. TRANSLATE
1. Я работаю в этой компании три года ........................
…………………………………………………………….
2. Мы используем огромные бурильные машины, управляемые лазером. ……………………………………...
………………………………………………………………..
3. Машины бурят 100 метров в день с поразительной точностью – допустимое отклонение 25 миллиметров......
4. Они имеют имена подобно кораблям………................................................
………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Строительство тоннеля – это всегда сложная инженерная задача.............
………………………………………………………………………………...
6. В некоторых местах возле Темзы грунт настолько насыщен водой, что тоннель почти плавает………………………………..…………………......
………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Насосы работают 24 часа в сутки, чтобы откачивать воду….……………
………………………………………………………………………………...
8. Мы должны обходить канализационные коллекторы………......................
………………………………………………………………………………...
9. Мы должны проходить под зданиями так, чтобы не ослабить их фундаменты…………………………………………………………………..
10. При строительстве тоннелей всегда есть опасности..................................
………………………………………………………………………………...
VI. SPEAK
1. Interview
Work in pairs and prepare an interview
Student A is a high school student who wants to be a Tunnel Engineer and follow a career in Tunnel engineering.
Student B is a Tunnel Engineer who has a great tunnel work experience.
2. Speak about the problems in cutting tunnels under a large city like London
UNIT 4
| WORKING HIGH IN THE SKY |
| Preview Answer the questions. 1. Have you ever visited a construction site? 2. What are the reasons for taking safety regulations when visiting a site? 3. Why is it important to have everything pre-fabricated in frame construction? 4. Would you like to set up a construction company? Why? |
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
IT’S MY JOB
Alex works as a construction worker with three other construction workers. But he wants to set up his own construction company:
“I'm self-employedbut I work with three other guys as a gang - that's like a team. We get contracts fromconstructioncompanies, maybe a few weeks, maybe a year. It depends on the size of the building. You have to be prepared to travel wherever the work is but the money is good. There are bonuses too, for finishing ahead of schedule.
What we do is we build the steel frames of all sorts of buildings. I'veworked on supermarkets, warehouses, and multi-storey buildings, including one that was 30 storeys high.
Everything is pre-fabricated. The steel is cut to the right size and drilled before it comes to the site. We have to bolt or weld the pieces together. It sounds easy but try lining up a one-ton girder swinging from a crane on a winter's day when you're a hundred metres up! We like to work fast, and to do that you need ground people who make sure everything reaches you in the right order, and a crane operator who can deliver on the spot - right where you need it.
On a typical day, I could be working a twelve-hour shift. If you're high up, you don't come down for tea-breaks. Everything you need is up there - canteen, toilets.
Is it dangerous? Well, yes, but there are a lot of safety precautions. We have to wear a safety harness with a lifeline. There are safety cables slung round whichever floor you're working on and you clip on to one as soon as you start. There's a safety net underneath the floor until the deck is down. For me, the most dangerous time is moving the girders into the right position. You could be crushed.
I'd like to set up my own construction company eventually, and employ others to do this kind of work”.
II. VOCABULARY