Read the article carefully and answer these questions according to the information in the text
1) What is the difference between two kinds of fats? Give the examples of foods that contain each kind.
2) What happens with fat once it enters the digestive system?
3) Why are fats important for our organism?
4) What health problems can the lack of certain vitamins lead to? (in your answer try to give both names of each vitamin)
5) What minerals does our body need? And what for?
6) How does our body lose water? How much water do we need to satisfy our daily needs? In what form can we take in water?
7) What are the sources of fibers?
| Language Development |
!The verbs can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must and ought are called 'modal auxiliary verbs' and used before the infinitives of other verbs.
a) They have no -s in the third person singular. - She may know well this subject.
b) Questions, negatives, tags and short answers are made without do.
- Can you read this food label? - Yes, I can.
c) After them we use the infinitive without to of other verbs (Ought to is an exception).
! Most of the meanings of modal verbs can be divided into two groups. One is to do with degrees of certainty; the other is to do with obligation, freedom to act and similar ideas.
I. Modal verbs can express various degrees of certainty about facts, situations or events.
a) complete certainty (positive or negative): shall, will, must, can't
I shall be away tomorrow. There's the phone. That'll be Tony.
It won't rain this evening. You must be tired. That can't be John – he's in Dublin.
b) probability (deduction; saying that something is logical or normal): should, ought to
She should/ought to be here soon. It shouldn't/oughtn't to be difficult to get there.
c) possibility (talking about the chances that something is true or will happen): may
The water may not be warm enough to swim.
We may be buying a new house.
d) weak possibility: might, could
I might see you again – who knows? She could be slim one day.
II. obligation and freedom to act
a) strong obligation: must, will, need
Students must register in the first week of term.
All sales staff will arrive for work by 8.40 a.m.
Need I get a visa for Hungary?
b) prohibition: must not, may not, cannot
Students must not use the staff car park.
Books may not be taken out of the library.
You can't come in here.
c) weak obligation; recommendation: should, ought to, might, shall(in questions)
You should try to work harder. You might see what John thinks.
She really ought to wash her hair. What shall we do?
d) willingness, volunteering, resolving, insisting and offering: will, shall(in questions)
I'll pay for the drinks. I'll definitely work harder next term.
Shall I give you a hand?
e) permission: can, could, may, might
You can use the car if you like. Could I talk to you for a minute?
May we use the phone? Do you think I might take a break now?
f) absence of obligation: needn't
You needn't work this Saturday.
g) ability: can, could
These roses can grow anywhere.
You could get to my old school by bus, but not by train.
1. Find and underline the examples of modal verbs in the text. Define their meaning.
! -ing forms are called 'present participles'. Forms like broken, gone, opened, started are called 'past participles'. However, both forms can be used to talk about the past, present or future.
She was exercising when I saw her.
Who’s the man talking to Elizabeth?
This time tomorrow I’ll be making a presentation on the topic discussed.
The large molecules were broken into the smaller particles.
The protein food is going to be digested.
Participles can be used:
a) with the auxiliary verbs be and have to make progressive, perfect and passive verb forms.
They were cooking meal when I got home.
I’ve forgotten to defrost meat. You’ll be fed up with this food.
Present and past participles can be put together to make progressive and perfect forms (e.g. being employed, having arrived, having been invited).
b) like adjectives:
I love the noise of falling water. John has become very boring.
She says she’s got a broken heart. The house looked abandoned.
c) like adverbs
She ran screaming out of the room.
d) to combine with other words into clause-like structures.
Who’s the fat man sitting in the corner? – Кто этот толстый мужчина, сидящий в углу?
Having prepared dinner, I started eating. – Приготовив обед, я начал кушать.
Most of the people invited to the party were late. – Большинство людей, приглашенных на вечеринку, опоздали.
Kept out of the fridge, these foods spoilt quickly. – Хранимые не в холодильнике, эти продукты быстро испортились.
2. Find and highlight the examples of present and past participles in the text. Define their meaning.
3. Find and learn Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:
| 1) minute quantities | a) |
| 2) to fortify with man-made vitamins | b) |
| 3) diseases associated with the lack of different vitamins: rickets, scurvy, beriberi | c) |
| 4) to contain twice as many calories per gram as do carbohydrates or proteins | d) |
| 5) saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated fats | e) |
| 6) precursors of coenzymes in the regulation of metabolic processes | f) |
| 7) to need to keep running properly | g) |
| 8) to eat on a regular basis | h) |
| 9) to be reassembled into triglycerides for transport in the bloodstream | i) |
| 10) to pass straight through, untouched by the digestive system | j) |
4. Find and learn English equivalents for the following words and expressions: