Topic 4: English-speaking country

Read and translate the text. Match the questions below with each paragraph:

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest-east, center and south-east is - a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but doesn't rule. The elected government rules the country with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Conservative party is the ruling party nowadays.

Answer the questions:

1. The UK is an island state, isn't it? Where is it situated?

2. What countries is the UK made of? What are their capitals?

3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?

4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn't it?

5. What is the north of Scotland called? What is the south of Scotland called?

6. What's the highest mountain in Scotland?

7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?

8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?

9. Is the UK a large country?

10. What's the UK's population ?

Vocabulary:

The United Kingdom of Great Britain Соединенное Королевство Великобритании

and Northern Ireland и Северной Ирландии

the British Isles Британские острова

to be situated быть расположенным

to consist of состоять из

total area общая площадь

respectively соответственно

to include включать

at the head во главе

parliament парламент

chamber палата

to separate разделять

to wash омывать

surface поверхность

to vary менять(ся), разнообразить

mountainous гористый

valley долина

vast огромный

plain равнина

deep глубокий

to influence влиять

climate климат

mild мягкий, умеренный

the whole year round круглый год

population население

urban городской

highly developed высокоразвитый

textile текстиль

aircraft самолеты

navigation судоходство

equipment оборудование

chief главный, основной

shipbuilding кораблестроение

constitutional monarchy конституционная монархия

law закон

in law по закону

the head of the state глава государства

queen королева

in practice фактически, на практике

to reign царствовать

to rule править

to elect выбирать

government правительство

Prime Minister премьер-министр

Act out the dialogue:

- What kind of country is Great Britain?

- Great Britain is a capitalist country.

- What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?

- It consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

- Whom do the chambers consists of ?

- The House of Lords has 850 members, composed of the lords. The House of Commons consists of 630 members, who are elected by ballot.

- What political parties are there in Great Britain?

- At present there are the following political parties in Great Britain: the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Liberals and the Communist Party.

- Which party is in power now?

- At present the Labour is in power.

- Whose interest does the Labour Party serve?

- In reality the Labour party serves the interests of the English bourgeoisie. The only party that serves the interests of the English working people is the Communist Party headed by John Hollan.

Translate into English:

1. Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах, состоящих из двух больших и тысяч малых островов.

2. Население Великобритании в основном городское и составляет более 57 миллионов человек.

3. Соединенное Королевство состоит из четырех частей, в Великобританию входят Англия, Шотландия и Уэльс.

4. Британские острова омываются Атлантическим океаном, Ирландским морем, Северным морем и проливами Ла-Манш и Па-де-Кале.

5. Британские острова состоят из гористой части и низин.

6. Реки в Великобритании не очень длинные.

7. На климат Великобритании оказывает влияние Гольфстрим.

8. Великобритания производит и экспортирует станки, электронику, текстиль, суда.

9. Великобритания - конституционная монархия.

Topic 5: Shopping

Read and translate the text:

Shops

Tradesmen or shopkeepers generally deal only in certain goods. The grocer sells a variety of foodstuffs such as flour, butter, eggs, biscuits, jam and jellies, cheese, sugar, spice tinned and frozen foods. The greengrocer deals in fruit and vegetables. The florist sells flowers and plants, wreaths and bouquets. We go to a fishmonger for fish and if he is a poulterer as well we can buy poultry there - chickens, ducks, geese or turkeys. A milkshop is called a dairy. There we buy dairy produce - milk, butter, cheese, cream, sore cream and eggs. Then we run out of bread. We go to the baker's and ask for a loaf of white or brown bread. A cake shop sells pastries and cakes of all kinds. The confectioner always does a good trade selling sweets - chocolates, toffees and other tempting things. That makes every child's mouth water.

A draper sells clothes. A tailor sells men's clothes, either ready-to-ware or made to measure. If a woman wants to buy ready-made clothes to a dress shop or a department store. A dressmaker makes ladies' clothes in her own home.

The hatter sells men's hats, but the milliner sells hats for ladies. The hosier sells hosiery or knitted goods like stockings, socks or underclothes, a man's outfitter sells everything a man needs in the way of clothes.

Those who need paper, pens, rubbers, ink, rulers, notebooks, exercise books and bloating-paper can get them at the stationer's. The bookseller sells books and magazines. The watchmaker repairs and sells clocks and watches.

The jeweler sells jewelry and also things of gold and silver, ornaments.

The china-shop has a large stock of china porcelain and earthenware. The ironmonger supplies everything made of iron (hard-ware) from nails to gardening - tools. The furniture-shop sells furniture either for cash, or on hire purchase. A chemist although a qualified pharmacist, sells many things besides medicines - perfume, toilet articles such a soap, toothpaste, spongers, tooth brushes and even cameras and films.

What a long list of shops we can make! In spite of this many large stories called department stores, sell all the goods we have mentioned under one roof.

Answer the questions:

1. Who does the shopping in your family?

2. How often do you go shopping?

3. Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend?

4. Do you like to go to small shops or to big department stores and supermarkets?

5. Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping?

6. Some people are fond of window-shopping. Can you say that you belong to such people?

7. What are advantages and disadvantages of big supermarkets?

8. Can you see a different between state-owned shops and private shops? Which ones do you prefer?

Vocabulary:

to buy (to purchase, to shop for) покупать

to sell продавать

to supply снабжать, поставлять

to deliver доставлять (товары)

to display выставлять (товары)

cheap дешевый

expensive (dear) дорогой

to cost стоить

price, at a price цена, по цене

discount, at a discount скидка, со скидкой

sale распродажа

cash-desk касса

salesman (shop assistant) продавец

saleswoman продавщица

customer (shopper) покупатель

consumer потребитель

shopping queue, line очередь

to do one's shopping делать покупки

to go shopping идти по магазинам

baker's / bakery булочная

flour мука

butter масло

egg яйцо

biscuit (сухое) печенье

cheese сыр

sugar сахар

spice специя, пряность

salt соль

tinned foods консервированные продукты

frozen foods замороженные продукты

plant растение

vegetable овощ

fruit фрукты

wreath венок

bouquet букет

poultry домашняя птица

game дичь

chicken цыпленок

duck утка

goose гусь

turkey индейка

butcher's мясной (магазин)

confectioner's кондитерский

dairy молочный

greengrocer's овощной

fishmonger's рыбный

sweet-shop сласти

shop-window (window display) витрина

department store универсальный магазин

counter прилавок

shop (store) магазин

booth ларек

stall (kiosk) киоск

to change разменять

change сдача

to pay платить

How much is it? Сколько стоит

What does it cost?

to wrap заворачивать (покупку)

fitting room примерочная

to try on примерять

to fit сидеть (о платье)

to suit, to become подходить, быть к лицу

to match, to go with сочетаться, гармонировать

style, design фасон

fashion, vogue мода

all the vogue крик моды

up-to date современный

stylish модный

bunch of flowers букет цветов

loaf of (bread) батон (хлеба)

draper's ткани (магазин)

tailor портной

hosiery трикотаж

stockings чулки

socks носки

underclothes нижнее белье

rubber ластик

ink чернила

rule линейка

notebook записная книжка

blotting-paper промокательная бумага

stationer's канцелярские товары

magazine журнал

clock часы (настенные)

watch часы (наручные)

jewellery ювелирные украшения

gold золото

silver серебро

ornament украшение

china-shop магазин посуды

porcelain фарфор

earthenware глиняная посуда

ironmonger торговец железными изделиями

nail гвоздь

gardening tools садовые принадлежности

furniture мебель

cash наличные деньги

on hire purchase в кредит, в рассрочку

perfume духи

toilet articles туалетные принадлежности

soap мыло

tooth paste зубная паста

sponge губка

tooth brush зубная щетка

camera фотоаппарат

film пленка (фото-, видео-)

that will do это годится, устраивает

to be out of stock кончиться, распродать

Act out the dialogues:

1.

- Can I help you?

- Yes, I'm looking for a sweater.

- We've got some sweaters over here. What color are you looking for?

- This blue one is nice.

- Yes, it is. Is it for yourself?

- Yes, it is. Can I try it on?

- Yes, go ahead.

- No, it's too small. It doesn't fit me. Have you got one in a bigger size?

- No, I'm afraid not. What about the red one?

- No, I don't like the color. Red doesn't suit me. OK, I'll leave it. Thank you.

- Goodbye.

2.

- Can I help you, sir?

- Yes, I'm looking for something for my wife. Have you got any perfume?

- Yes, sir. Try this. It's our new perfume for this season. It's called Reward.

- Can I try it? Mm. It's very good. How much is it?

- This bottle costs $37.

- Hm. Have you got it in a smaller bottle?

3.

- Excuse me.

- Yes, madam, can I help you?

- I'd like a box of chocolates for my friend.

- Yes, madam, 500 grams?

- How much is that?

- Ten dollars. These are particularly good chocolates.

- OK, I'll have them.

Translate into English in writing:

1. Мне нужно сделать сегодня кое-какие покупки.

2. Завтра мы идем покупать мне пальто.

3. Больше всего я люблю в этом универмаге отдел ювелирных изделий.

4. Когда открываются (закрываются) магазины в вашем городе?

5. Такие костюмы сейчас в моде.

6. По дороге домой зайди в гастроном и купи: немного сахара, банку вишневого варенья, бутылку томатного соуса и два батона хлеба.

7. Выбор продуктов в этом супермаркете очень широкий.

8. У меня мало времени на приготовление пищи, поэтому я часто покупаю замороженные продукты.

9. В нашем гастрономе всегда в продаже свежее мясо.

10. На рынке некоторые продукты можно купить по более низкой цене.

Read and translate the text:

My meals

It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I like to get up late and have a good breakfast of scrambled eggs, or pancakes, or something like that. But on weekdays I'm always short of time in the morning. So I just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and a couple of sandwiches.

As I spend a lot of time at school (usually eight or nine hours) it's necessary to have a snack at midday just to keep me going. That's why I have to go to the school canteen to have lunch. Our school canteen leaves much to be desired. It has become a tradition with our canteen to serve chops and watery mashed potatoes every day with a glass of cocoa or stewed fruit.

But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a wonderful cook and her dinners are always delicious and various.

To begin with, we usually have some salad - tomato and cucumber salad or mixed salad (I like it very much). For the first course we have some soup - noodle, mushroom or cabbage soup, or maybe some fish soup for a change. for the main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for example, steak or fried fish with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We also have a lot of vegetables - green peas, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers. I prefer meat to fish but my mother makes me eat fish from time to time. She says it's good for my brains.

For dessert we have some fruit, fruit juice or a cup of tea with a slice of cake.

On Sundays we sometimes go to McDonald's. I like everything there: cheeseburgers, hamburgers and Big Macs, apple pies and fruit cocktails. But unfortunately we can't afford to go there very often, because it's rather expensive for a family and besides, they say it's not very healthy to eat at McDonald's.

Answer the questions:

1. How many meals a day do you usually have?

2. What do you usually have for breakfast?

3. Where do you have lunch (dinner)?

4. How many courses does your lunch (dinner) usually consist of?

5. What is your favourite dish?

6. What vegetables do you like?

7. What do you usually have for dessert?

8. How often do you eat out?

9. Can you cook?

10. Do you agree that the best cooks in the world are men?

Vocabulary:

food пища, съестные припасы

fresh свежий

diet диета

to be on a diet быть на диете

groats крупа

buck wheat гречневая крупа

rice рис

semolina манная крупа

corn кукуруза

corn flakes кукурузные хлопья

beef говядина

pork свинина

mutton (lamb) баранина

veal телятина

cutlet рубленая котлета

salami копченая колбаса

ham ветчина

cold pork буженина

herring селедка

salmon лосось, семга (амер. горбуша)

shrimp (prawn) креветка

cottage cheese творог

carrot морковь

cabbage капуста

onion лук

garlic чеснок

pepper перец

dills укроп

parsley петрушка

grapes виноград

pear груша

plum слива

cherry вишня, черешня

peach персик

lemon лимон

orange апельсин

pine-apple ананас

tangerine мандарин

melon дыня

water-melon арбуз

strawberry клубника, земляника

raspberry малина

currant смородина

nut орех

seeds семечки

soft-drinks безалкогольные напитки

honey мед

jam варенье

jar of jam банка варенья

to have tea пить чай

to be hungry быть голодным

to be thirsty хотеть пить

help yourself угощайтесь

macaroni (pasta) макароны

waiter (waitress) официант, -ка

order заказ

can I have могу я заказать

for a first coarse на 1-е блюдо

for a main на 2-е

for dessert на десерт

it tastes good вкусно

to cook (food) готовить

stuff фарш

plate тарелка

fork вилка

spoon ложка

knife нож

it goes without saying само собой разумеется

to prefer предпочитать

scrambled eggs яичница

pancakes блины, оладьи

short of time не хватает времени

couple пара, два

sandwich бутерброд

to have a snack перекусить

to keep smb going для поддержания сил

canteen столовая

leaves much to be desired оставляет желать лучшего

to serve обслуживать, подавать

a chop котлета

watery водянистый

mashed potatoes картофельное пюре

cocoa какао

stewed fruit компот

delicious вкусный

various разнообразный

to begin with для начала

salad салат

tomato помидор

cucumber огурец

mixed смешанный

noodle soup куриный суп с лапшой

mushroom soup грибной суп

cabbage soup щи

for a change для разнообразия

steak бифштекс

to boil варить

to fry жарить

green peas зеленый горошек

to make smb to do smth заставлять кого-то делать что-то

from time to time время от времени

berries ягоды

vegetarian вегетарианец

brain мозги

juice сок

slice ломтик, кусочек

cheeseburger чизбургер

hamburger гамбургер

apple pie яблочный пирог

fruit cocktail фруктовый коктейль

afford позволять себе

prefer smth to smth предпочитать что-то чему-то

they say говорят

it's not very healthy вредно для здоровья

Act the dialogue:

- How do you like the soup?

- Awfully nice really. Don't you think so?

- Yes, it is indeed. Pass me the salt, please.

- Here you are. Some more bread?

- Yes, please.

- What comes next, Ann?

- Pork chops with roast potatoes.

- And what follows that?

- Wouldn't you like to make a guess?

- Stewed apricots as usual, I suppose.

- There you are wrong, John. It's apple pudding with whipped cream.

- Apple pudding and with whipped cream! My, isn't it fine?

- I'm happy that I've suited your taste.

Translate into English:

1. Каждое утро я ем кукурузные хлопья с молоком.

2. Агличане пьют чай со сливками, а не с лимоном. Такой чай они называют "русский чай".

3. Моя подруга - вегетарианка, и поэтому она обычно ест овощи, фрукты, ягоды, молочные продукты и иногда рыбу.

4. Я сейчас на диете и поэтому съем только немного вареного мяса и овощей.

5. Наша семья любит овощи, и летом и зимой мама часто готовит нам салаты.

6. Какой суп ты хочешь? Грибной. Только пусть мама сварит его. Он будет тогда гораздо вкуснее.

7. Разрешите предложить вам еще чашку кофе? Спасибо, не кладите много сахару, пожалуйста.

8. Что ты заказал на второе? Еще ничего, но закажу котлеты с макаронами. А я макаронам предпочитаю картофель, поэтому я возьму курицу с пюре.

9. Я очень хочу пить! Сегодня очень жарко.

Topic 6: Science

Read and translate the text:

Inventions and inventors

The last two centuries were the epoch of scientific and technological revolution when new ideas were being born and new discoveries and inventions were being made. Man has entered space and reached out to the Moon, Venus and Mars, he has created complex cybernetic machines and made nuclear energy work for him, develop modern tools of war, predict earthquakes. Knowledge is essential for people to find their way in the changing world. Science develops more and more solutions to the energy problem. It helped people to learn to use the energy from the sun and from the atom and to share the resources

The world knows the names of many great scientists, mathematicians, physicists, chemists, biologists, linguists, historians, etc. A lot of discoveries have been made by them in different fields of science and engineering, improved life for people.

A lot of new inventions appear every day to make our lives easier, longer, warmer, and speedier. But only a few inventors design a new machine or product that becomes so well-known that it is named after its creator. I want to tell you about the inventors who gave their names to the thing they created.

Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910. He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce. Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. At the beginning of the 20th century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in1907 they created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars "Silver Ghost" hadn't changed greatly for 20 years since 1907.

Gottlieb Daimler and Charles Bens were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19th century each of them designed a car. At the same time they organized two independent firms to produce them.

All the cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called "Mercedes". Mercedes was a daughter's name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from the financial crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. But after the World War 1 the firm of Daimler met with financial difficulties again. This time it had to join the firm of Benz. Since that time all the cars produced by the firm "Daimler-Benz" have been called "Mercedes-Benz".

Answer the questions:

1. Why is science so important in the modern world?

2. What proves that the study of science is important for understanding of the natural world?

3. Which great Russian scientist worked out the theory of space flights and designed the first rocket?

4. What achievements have been made in space exploration?

5. What outstanding scientists do you know?

6. What famous inventors do you know?

7. Can you predict the future? What will life be like in 2100?

Vocabulary:

еpoch эпоха

complex сложный

cybernetic кибернетика

to develop the modern tools of war создать современное оружие

a number of solutions to the energy problem ряд решений энергетической проблемы

a basic knowledge of science элементарное знание науки

to design разрабатывать

to create создавать

creator создатель

enthusiast энтузиаст

reliable надежный

comfortable удобный

to change greatly сильно изменяться

firm фирма

stockholder акционер

to save спасать

financial crisis финансовый кризис

to join присоединяться

to make inventions, discoveries делать изобретения, открытия

inventor изобретатель

scientist ученый

to reach out to the Moon достичь Луны

nuclear energy ядерная энергия

mathematician математик

physicist физик

chemist химик

biologist биолог

linguist лингвист

historian историк

flight into space полет в космос

special merit особая заслуга

research исследования

age of space exploration век исследования космоса

interplanetary межпланетный

worked out разрабатывать

transfer переносить, перемещать

digital electronics цифровая электроника

Read the dialogues and act them out:

1.

- Do you know who the first to fly to stars was?

- Yes, I do. Everybody knows this for certain. It was Yuri Gagarin who made the first historic flight into space.

- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is known to have been working on the problem of interplanetary travel, through all his life, isn't he?

- Surely, he is. It's Tsiolkovsky who worked out the theory of cosmic flights.

2.

- I know there appeared some new departments at your research institute. Don't you know what they are interested in?

- As I know they are interested in cybernetics, information technology, nuclear engineering and astrophysics.

- What problems are you interested in?

- It's information technology.

- What is it?

- It's the study of technology related to the transfer of information such as computers, digital electronics, telecommunication.

Translate into English using the topical vocabulary:

1. Наука помогла разработать современное оружие.

2. Ученые предсказывают землетрясения.

3. Знания необходимы людям, чтобы ориентироваться в изменяющемся мире.

4. Наука помогла людям научиться использовать энергию солнца и атома, а также совместному использованию ресурсов.

5. Наука находит все новые решения энергетической проблемы.

6. Много открытий сделано человеком в различных областях науки и техники.

7. Некоторые изобретатели сконструировали новую машину, которая была названа их именем.

8. В начале 20го века это казалось сенсацией.

9. Мы интересуемся изучением информационной технологии, ядерной инженерией и физикой атома.

10. Наука помогла улучшить жизнь людей.