Discuss the following questions. Work in pairs, find as much information as possible and then share it with the class.
1. Do you do your morning exercises every day?
2. How do children and grown-ups take care of their health?
3. Are a lot of different competitions held at your university?
4. Do you go in for sports?
5. Are there any popular kinds of sports in our country? What are they?
6. What is your favourite sport?
7. Where do you prefer to rest?
8. Do your friends go in for sports?
9. Do you like winter or summer sports?
10. Our hobbies help us in our life, don't they?
WRITING
Describe the picture given bellow. You should spend about 20 minutes and write about 100 words.
TASK FOR SELF-STUDY
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
A. Use the correct form of the adverbs in brackets.
1. Unfortunately, it’s becoming _______ (hard) and _______ (hard) to find a well-paid job.
2. This phrase is _______ (widely) used in spoken Russian than in written.
3. Your test isn’t good. You can do _______ (well) than you did.
4. We walk _______ (fast) than usual to catch the train.
5. I know Daniel _______ (well) than you do.
6. I used to play tennis _______ (often) than now.
7. Could you move a bit_______ (far) away for me to sit here too?
8. Mary is driving _______ (slowly) than usual, as the road is wet.
9. Of all the group Jimmy did _______ (badly) in the examination.
10. Could you speak _______ (distinctly), please?
B. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Ты не мог бы вести машину быстрее?
2. Поезд прибыл раньше, чем обычно.
3. Моя сестра помогает маме чаще других членов нашей семьи.
4. Из пяти спортсменов Вася прыгнул выше всех.
5. Миссис Финч разговаривает с медсестрами терпеливее всех других врачей.
6. Наша собака лает громче соседской.
7. Мой брат пишет бабушке чаще, чем я.
8. Анна говорит по-английски лучше Васи.
9. Вася живет ближе всех к школе.
C. Open the brackets and use the Simple Past or the Past Continuous Tense.
1. I (see) yesterday when we (go) for a walk in the park. The sun (shine), a cool breeze (blow) the birds (sing).
2. I really (enjoy) my vacation last January. While it (snow) in Iowa, the sun (shine) in Florida. While you (shovel) snow in Iowa, I (lie) on the beach in Florida. 3. My brother and sister (argue) about something when I (walk) into the room
4. The students (speak) Japanese and some (converse) in Arabic.
5. When I (arrive) she (have) lunch. She (apologize) for starting without me but said that she always (lunch) at 12.30.
6. Suddenly he (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.
7. The traffic (make) so much noise that I couldn’t hear what he (say).
8. She (stand) at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she (wait) for.
9. She was very extravagant. She always (buy) herself new clothes.
10. Why you (not be) at the meeting? – I (wait) for an overseas call from my family.
D. Write questions. Use was/were –ing.
1. (what/ Tim/ do/ when you saw him?) - What was Tim doing when you saw him?
2. (what/ you/ do/ at 11 o’clock?) - …………………………………………?
3. (what/ she/ wear/ yesterday?) - …………………………………………?
4. (it/ rain/ when you went out?) -……………...………………………….?
5. (where/ you/ live/ in 1981?) - ……………………...………………….?
6. (why/ he/ smoke/ a pipe?) - …………...…………………………….?
7. (why/ they/ carry/ an umbrella?) - ………...……………………………….?
8. (what/ she/ buy/ yesterday?) - ……………………...………………….?
9. ( where/ he/ be/ last week-end?) - ………………...……………………….?
10. (what/ you/ write/ about your holiday?) - …..………………………………?
WRITING
A. Write a composition "Sport in my country” using the plan:
1.The meaning of sport.
2.Traditional and modern kinds of sport.
3. Kinds of sport played in my country.
B. MY SPORT:Make a poster about your favorite sport. Explain why you like it and what makes it so exciting. Show your poster to your classmates in the next lesson.
Module 1 Unit 10
COUNTRIES: CAPITAL OF KAZAKHSTAN AND MAIN CITIES OF ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES.
GRAMMAR
MODAL VERBS
All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence.
Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary verbs in a given sentence.
The modal verbs are:-
- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbmodal.html#sthash.O94lkkfd.dpuf
Can
| can | Example |
| ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) способностьфизическогоилиумственногодействия (синоним to be able to) | I canspeakEnglish. Я могу (умею) говорить на английском |
| permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) разрешение (синоним : to be allowed to) | Can I go to the cinema? Могу я пойти в кино? |
| request просьба | Can you wait a moment, please? Ты не мог бы подождать минутку? |
| offer предложение | I can lend you my car till tomorrow. Я могу одолжить тебе свою машину до завтра. |
| suggestion предложение | Can we visit Grandma at the weekend? Давайте навестим бабушку на выходных. |
| possibility возможность | It can get very hot in Arizona. В Аризоне может быть очень жарко. |
Could
| COULD | Example |
| ability to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) способностьфизическогоилиумственногодействиявпрошлом ( синоним to be able to) | I couldspeakEnglish. Я умел говорить на английском. |
| permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) разрешениевпрошлом (синоним : to be allowed to) | I could go to the cinema. Я мог пойти в кино. (Мне разрешили.) |
| politerequest вежливая форма просьбы | Could you wait a moment, please? Не могли бы Вы подождать минутку? |
| politeoffer вежливая форма предложения | I could lend you my car till tomorrow. Я мог бы одолжить тебе свою машину до завтра. |
| politesuggestion вежливая форма предложения | Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? Не могли бы мы поехать к бабушке на выходных? |
Note:
Для выражения единичного действия в прошлом вместо could употребляется managedto, was/wereable:
I managed to climb the mountain without nobody's help. (Мне удалось покорить гору без чьей-либо помощи.)
May
| MAY | Example |
| possibility возможность | Itmayraintoday. Может пойти дождь сегодня. |
| permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) разрешение (синоним : to be allowed to) | May I go to the cinema? Могу я пойти в кино? |
| politesuggestion вежливая форма предложения | May I helpyou? Могу я чем-либо помочь Вам? |
Might
| MIGHT | Example |
| possibility (less possible than may) маловероятнаявозможность | Itmightraintoday. Сегодня вряд ли пойдёт дождь. |
Must
| MUST | Example |
| force, necessity необходимость, долженствование | I must go to the supermarket today. Мне необходимо пойти в супермаркет сегодня. |
| supposition предположение | Youmustbetired. Ты, должно быть, устал. |
| advice, recommendation совет, рекоммендация | You must see the new film with Brad Pitt. Ты должен посмотреть новый фильм в БрэдомПиттом. |
6) must not/may not
| MUST NOT/MAY NOT | Example |
| prohibition запрет | You mustn't work on dad's computer. Тебе запрещено работать за компьютером отца. Youmaynotworkondad'scomputer. |
7) need not/ don’t have to
| NEED NOT/ DON’T HAVE TO | Example |
| notnecessary отсутствие необходимости | I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight. Не нужно идти в супермаркет, мы идём сегодня в ресторан. |
Ought to
| OUGHT TO | Example |
| advice совет | You ought to drive carefully in bad weather. Ты должен внимательно вести автомобиль в плохую погоду. |
| obligation долженствование | You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room. Нужно выключать свет, когда выходишь из комнаты. |
Shall
| SHALL | Example |
| suggestion предложение | Shall I carry your bag? Давай я понесу твою сумку. |
Should
| SHOULD | Example |
| advice совет | You should drive carefully in bad weather. Ты должен внимательно вести автомобиль в плохую погоду. |
| obligation долженствование | You should switch off the light when you leave the room. Нужно выключать свет, когда выходишь из комнаты. |
Will
| WILL | Example |
| wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would) просьба, желание( менеевежливаяформа) | Will you please shut the door? Закройте дверь, пожалуйста. |
| prediction, assumption предположение | I think it will rain on Friday. Думаю в пятницу пойдёт дождь. |
| promise обещание | I will stop smoking. Яброшукурить. |
| spontaneousdecision спонтанное решение | Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will. Может ли кто-то подвести меня к вокзалу?-Я могу. |
| habits привычки | She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking. Она странная, она может сидеть часами не разговаривая. |
Would
| WOULD | Example |
| wish, request (more polite than will) вежливаяпросьба | Would you shut the door, please? Не могли бы Вы закрыть дверь? |
| habitsinthepast привычки в прошлом | Sometimes he would bring me some flowers. Иногда он приносил мне цветы. |
13) need/ have to
| NEED/HAVE TO | Example |
| necessity необходимость | I need to/have to study tonight. Тебе не нужно сегодня заниматься. |
Note:
haveto употребляется вместоmust в прошедшем времени
Exercise 1. Choose the modal verb which, from your point of view, suits the situation better.
1. The cake (must, can, is) be almost ready now. – Are you sure? – Yes, practically.
2. You (must, have to, should) put sausage, cucumber, onion, potatoes, eggs and sour cream to make the Russian salad tasty.
3. (can, may, should) you have failed to put sugar and vinegar in the biscuit again? How (can, are able to, may) you be so careless?
4. You (may, can, have to) take the fork, knife and plate. I don’t need it any more.
5. The beefsteak (can’t, mustn’t, shouldn’t) be so raw and untasty. I’vecookeditproperly!
6. (Should, shall, ought to) I buy a loaf of bread or some curds?
7. No, you (can’t, mustn’t, shouldn’t) eat ice-cream in the street in winter.
8. (shall, may, can) it be that the pork was spoiled?
9. (could, must, will) you show me how to slice the cabbage and carrots for this soup.
10. You (could, might, have to) have cooked lunch before our arrival.
11. You’ve overfried the potatoes. You (should, could, might) be more accurate about cooking.
12. Don’t put too much salt in the dough. We (can, may, might) spoil everything.
13. (can, may, should) it be that the child has eaten so much candies?
14. Don’t you know that one (can’t, mustn’t, needn’t) eat milk and cucumbers?
Exercise 2. Use “can”, “could”, “may”, “might”, “to be able”, “to be allowed”:
1. Steve … speak English, French and Italian. You … ask him to help with the translation.
2. If we take a taxi, we … catch the last train.
3. It was so dark that we … hardly see anything in front of us.
4. Mr. Smith … be in his office now. You … call him.
5. … I ask you a question? – Of course, you … .
6. … you find him? – Yes, I was. He was outside.
7. Is there anything I … do for you?
8. Jane … not be at home now, she said she … go shopping.
9. If you try hard, you … pass your exam.
10. Take your umbrella with you, it … rain today.
Exercise 3.Use “was (were) to” or “had to”:
1. He … train hard the whole year.
2. The contest … take place in the school Assembly Hall.
3. The weather was nasty and we … put off the trip.
4. There was a storm of applause and the singer … go out on the stage several times.
5. Later they … meet a few more times.
6. It … happen.
7. He … rewrite his paper.
8. I … repeat the question several times.
9. One party … ask questions, the other … answer them in 30 seconds.
10. What … I do under the circumstances?
LISTENING