The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns

Мойсова, Ольга Борисовна.

М74 Практическая грамматика первого иностранного языка (английский): учеб. пособие / О.Б. Мойсова. – Ростов н/Д: Издательский центр ДГТУ, 2016. – 294 с.

ISBN 978-5-7890-1158-4

Учебное пособие включает в себя теоретический грамматический материал и практические упражнения.

Грамматические навыки закрепляются при помощи разнообразных упражнений, рассчитанных на развитие речевой активности студентов.

Предназначено для студентов 1 курса специальности «Перевод и переводоведение», изучающих дисциплину «Практическая грамматика первого иностранного языка» (английский) в рамках модуля «Практический курс первого иностранного языка».

УДК 811.111’36(075.8)

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Донского государственного технического университета

Научный редактор

канд. филол. наук, доц. В.В. Панкова

© Мойсова О.Б., 2016

 
ISBN 978-5-7890-1158-4 © ДГТУ, 2016

Оглавление / Contence

1. ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧАСТИ РЕЧИ/ PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SPEECH……
1.1. Существительное/ Noun……………………………………
1.2. Артикль/Article…………………………………………………..
1.3. Прилагательное / Adjective………………………………..
1.4. Местоимение / Pronoun…………………………………….
1.5. Числительное / Numeral…………………………………….
1.6. Наречие / Adverb………………………………………………  
2. ГЛАГОЛ /VERB…………………………………………………………………
2.1. Морфологическая структура глагола. Основные формы глагола /Morphological structure. Basic forms…………………………………………………………………    
2.2. Система видовременных форм глагола в активном залоге / Active voice tenses………………………….  
2.3. Пассивный залог / Passive voice tenses……………….
2.4. Модальные глаголы / Modal verbs…………………….  
3. НАКЛОНЕНИЕ / MOOD……………………………………………………..
3.1. Виды наклонений. Условное наклонение / Types of Mood. Conditional Mood………………………………….    
4. НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА/ NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERBS……………..………………………………………………….  
4.1. Инфинитив / Infinitive………………………………………..
4.2. Герундий / Gerund…………………………………………….
4.3. Причастие / Participle…………………………………………

1. ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧАСТИ РЕЧИ/

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SPEECH

1.1. Существительное/Noun

The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns

Nouns are words that denote things in the broadest sense of the word:living beings,objects,abstruct notions,places, processes, events,etc. understood as things: John, lion, beauty, street, etc.

Depending on their semantic and grammatical properties nouns fall into Common and Properones. They can be countable and uncountable.

There are different groups ofcommonnouns:classnouns, collectivenouns,nouns ofmaterialandabstractnouns.

1. Class nouns denote persons or things belonging to a class: Car, house, man. They are countable and have two numbers: singular and plural.

2. Collective nouns denote a number or collection of similar individuals or things as a single unit.

Collective nouns are divided into following groups:

· Which are used only in the singular/ furniture, foliage, machinery, etc/

· Which are used only in plural / trousers, clothes, stairs, etc./

· Which are used in both numbers /family, company, crowd, etc/

3. Nouns of materialdenote material: iron, gold, paper, tea, water. They are uncountable and are generally used without any article.

Nouns of materialare used in the plural to denote different sorts of a given material: wines – сорта вин.

Nouns of materialmay turn into class nouns (thus becoming countable) when they come to express an individual object of definite shape: But the person in the glass made a face at her, and Miss Moss went out.

4. Abstractnouns denote some quality, state, action or idea: kindness, sadness, fight.

Abstractnouns may be countable / idea, answer, question, etc./, uncountable/ knowledge, love, friendship, etc./ and used only in plural/ tidings, earnings/

Abstractnouns may change their meaning and become class nouns. This change is marked by the use of the article and of the plural number:

Beauty a beauty beauties

sight a sight sights

She was a beauty… but she isn't one of those horrid regular beauties.

Proper nouns are individual, names given to separate persons or things.

Proper nouns are divided into:

· personal names (Bill, Anny),

· geographical names (The Pacific Ocean, The Neva)

· and other proper names such as the names of the months and of the days of the week (February, Monday), names of ships, hotels, clubs, etc. (The Titanic, Piccadilly)

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