The factors governing the designing of the rolling stock

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

Тема «Rolling Stock»

Прежде чем приступить к выполнению контрольной работы №2, вам необходимо изучить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1. Личные формы глагола.Формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах.

2. Неличные формы глагола (Participle I, Participle II).

3. Модальные глаголы (can, may, must, should, need).

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1) We were going to the railway station along the railway track.

2) The two-speed escalators are being installed at the new Metro stations.

3) A group of Russian engineers will be designing a new 12,000 hp loco.

4) The problem that is being discussed concerns an old railway reconstruction.

5) Long welded rails are becoming increasingly popular.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.

1) We arrived at the railway station when the train (to approach –Past Continuous Active) the platform.

2) At present 2,500 km of high-speed lines (to construct– Present Continuous Passive)in Europe and Asia.

3) A man who (to sit– Past Continuous Active)in the compartment said that the place was taken by another passenger.

4) The problem of the old terminal reconstruction (to discuss – Present Continuous Passive)now.

5) The designers (make - Future Continuous Active)different improvements in the construction of the locomotives.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive).

1) New models of lightweight carriages (are putting; are being put) into service on the Japanese Railways.

2) A number of monorails (are operating; are being operated) in different parts of the world.

3) The new material the scientists (are experimenting; are being experimented) with will be used in rolling stock construction.

4) I know that these engines (are producing; are being produced) in Minsk.

5) The process of railway construction (is increasingly mechanizing; is being increasingly mechanized).

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1) Modern locomotives can handle the trains of 6,000 tons and heavier.

2) Passengers should keep their tickets till the end of the trip.

3) Nowadays any new car must meet the requirements of passengers.

4) You need nothurry up; you maytake a later suburban train.

5) If you buy railway tickets in advance, you have topay some extra money.

V. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык.

Model: to read – a) reading – читая, читающий;b) having read – прочитав

1) to build

2) to finish

3) to produce

4) to make

5) to develop

6) to operate

7) to invent

8) to use

9) to design

10)to equip

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1) Laying down the track the builders use powerful machines.

2) Ballast supporting the track structure is made of gravel.

3) Having been heated, the rails were carefully examined.

4) The railway being electrified will connect two large industrial centres.

5) Being divided into divisions, the railway handles the traffic more efficiently.

VII. Образуйте Participle II от глаголов, данных в скобках. Полученные словосочетания переведите.

Model: a (to write) article – a written article – написанная статья.

1) a ( damage) car;

2) a ( design) car;

3) (protect) goods;

4) a (heat) stove;

5) a (divide) sleeping car;

6) a (cover) car;

7) (arrange) seats;

8) an (employ) track;

9) (carry) baggage;

10)(introduce) improvements

VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1) When improved, the track will be used for high-speed running.

2) The steam locomotive invented by G. Stephenson developed a low speed.

3) The trains drawn by horses were short and light.

4) The highest speed reached by modern locomotives is now more than 200 kph.

5) When reconstructed,the railway bridge will be usedfor the movement of heavy freight trains.

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.

The factors governing the designing of the rolling stock

A big railway system needs various types of locomotives as well as carriages and wagons, the latter must be more numerous and varied than the types of locomotives. The designing of the rolling stock is a very complicated business because many factors ought to be taken into account by the designer.

First of all, the vehicles must be strongly built not only to carry their load but also to have a long life and a low cost of maintenance. On the other hand, the weight of the rolling stock is a factor which is not to be neglected for the greater the weight of the vehicle the greater amount of fuel is required by the locomotive. The ideal railway carriage or wagon should be extremely light and strong and, at the same time, extremely roomy.

There are other considerations which are to be taken into account in the designing of the rolling stock – cheapness of construction, the weight of the empty vehicle in proportion to its capacity and the so-called versatility of the vehicle. By versatility is meant the suitability of a car to carry as many kinds of goods as possible.

X. Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1) What does a big railway system need?

2) Why is the designing of the rolling stock a very complicated business?

3) What factors must be taken into account while designed the rolling stock?

4) What should the ideal railway carriage or wagon be like?

5) What is meant by versatility of a vehicle?

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1) The “Repin” train is departing from St.Petersburg’s Finlandsky terminal at this moment.

2) The construction of the Moscow Metro is not completed; it is still going on.

3) A new railway station was being built for two years.

4) Much attention is being paid to track facilities.

5) The workers will be cleaning the cars tomorrow morning.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.

1) This line (to upgrade– Present Continuous Passive)to carry heavier volumes of freight and passenger traffic.

2) We (build -Future Continuous Active)a new railway line in this region.

3) The railway engineers (to change– Present Continuous Active)the design of the passenger cars now.

4) The trains ran at a reduced speed when the workers (to replace– Past Continuous Active)sleepers.

5) Research (to make–Past Continuous Passive)in the field of energy saving technologies on railways.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive).

1) Nowadays experiments (are making; are being made) with the automatic train control.

2) Automatic control system (is saving; is being saved) train time.

3) The tunnel which the train (is running through; is being run through) is finished with brick.

4) The railways (are developing; are being developed) and remain the vital arteries of national and international economic life.

5) Higher overall speeds (are making; are being made) possible due to the improved track.