Основы психолингвистической диагностики
МОДЕЛИ МИРА В ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ
Главный редактор В И.Полищученко Редактор. Ю.В Бржезская Верстка Ю А. Мартынюк Иллюстрации E H Загрядский
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ABSTRACTS OF THE BOOK by Valery P. Belyanin -MODELS OF THE WORLD IN FICTION
The work presents an original typology of literary texts based on their emotional and semantic dominants It solves the problem of verbal structuring of accentuated consciousness in literary text Created in the paradigm of cognitive psy cholingnistics and psychopoetics it mtioduces new psychiatric - approach to text The first chapter of the work describes some non-traditional methods of analysis of literary text, including objective (LVygotsky) and sub[ective psychological psychoanalytic neuropathological ones Scientific works where psychiatric analysis of characters and authors was made are also reviewed Rare and unknown works on neuropathology published in Sverdlovsk in 1924-1928 are cited Results of linguistic analysis of the speech of accentuated and mentally ill persons in the frames of psychiatric linguistics are drawn
The second chapter is devoted to typological approach to fiction Works of 0 N Ovsyanniko-Kulikovsky, F Shiller, R de Gourmond К Yung R Muller Freinfels et al are viewed upon The notion of the dominant (A Ukhtomsky) of a text is intio duced as emotional and semantic dominant that is the basis of the author s concept of the text The third chapter describes psycholinguistic typology of literary texts based on finding out their emotional and semantic dominant of accentuated type Psychiatric typology of personality is borrowed from the works of P Gannushkin and К Leongard
Thus light ( svetliyo ) texts being based on paranoia, depict an active fight for justice of an honest and responsible person The key words of such texts are as follows clear',"transparent', dutyVdestiny' 'fight/enemy, eyes heart' warmth , father' et al
Dark (or simple ) ( tyemmye or prostlye ) texts, being based on epileptic consciousness constitute the largest part of literary texts in general Their dominant is manifested in the following frames of texts a simple but aggressive hero is fighting against clever and thus dangerous enemy Physiological level of a man prevails The following semantic groups of the words appear in such texts double' darkness' 'anguish','laughter','size 'falling down water','unpleasant smell body They are evidently based on diffeient deviations of perception and demeanor typical for neurological dis order The receptive aspect of such texts is also viewed upon
Sad ( pechai'mye ) texts are singled out as based upon depression as a state of low emotions, physical weakness and timidity of a person The following semantic components are typical for sad texts 'quiet', 'pleasant smell, loss of money', death' stone cold' Psychologically antonymous to the previous ones are merry ( vesellye ) texts that are based upon maniac state of a person who always has high spirits and enormous plans is very talkative and friendly
Merry texts have the following semantic components 'together','friends','luck','gangsters', travelling' flight a lot of money erudition , 'physical strength' Such type of texts is implemented in adventure stories and comedies as well
Beautiful (or better beauteous krasiviyc ) texts are based on histrionics as a type of demeanor characterized by demonstrativeness capnciousness, artistic and pseudological behavior and of an accentuated person Beautiful texts are full of such symbols as color 'appearance of a person , 'gestures', feelings and emotions', 'humiliations and suf fenngs', 'relatives' comparison with an animal
Mixed texts are also represented in the book Introduction to Psychiatric Literaiy Criticism There aie sad and merry (cyclothymia) beautiful and dark , sad and dark , 'complex (schizophrenia) and others On the basis of the elaborated theory of emotional and semantic dominant a hypothesis about the popularity of best seller is introduced The analysis of every typp of text is illustrated with a sufficient amount of examples from Russian and world literature Each type of texts represents a verbalized model of a rather closed life world of accentuated cliaracter, having its own peculi antics in lexical and-semantic and stylistic attitude As matter of fact the analysis made puts forward the problem of nidi vidual and typological verbal and cognitive types of languages of literary text as manifestations of cognitive structures of the author as a linguistic personality
The fourth chapter is devoted to the receptive aspect of literary text, where psycholinguistic peculiarities of text perception are reviewed and bibliopsychological approach of N Rubakin - his
author-text recipient conception is drawn
The fifth chapter is devoted to the experimental study of text perception with the use of Projective Literary Test (800 subiects)
The work has a practical value Tlius, the results gained could bo used for solving the problem of identification of per sonality by his speech, "Projective Literary Test can be used as a diagnostic instrument A computer based system of content analysis PAT (• Psychiatric Analysis of Text") is part of the expert system VML (http //ww/logic ru/ shalack) designed for analyzing and attributing texts The results gained can be useful not only for all those who love and study literature and art philologists and literary critics, but psychologists, clinicists psychotherapists and specialists in mental lex icon and natural language processing
The information is also available in the following publications (total: more than 130).
Belyanin V P Psiholmgvisitchesklje Aspekty Hudozhestvennogo Texta (Psycholinguistic Aspects of Literary Texts M
1988 123p (in Russian)
Belyanin V P Vvedeni)e v Psychiatricheskoje Literaturovedemje ( Introduction to Psychiatric Literary Criticism) Verlag
OttoSagner Munchen 1996, 281 p (in Russian)
Belyanin VP The Diversity of Genres and the Diversity of Emotions from Emotion to Word from Word to Text //Emotion,
Creativity and Art Ed L Dorfman et al, Perm Russia Vol 2 167-178 (in English)
All questions and proposals are welcome, e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]