Exercise 13. Fill in the table. Describe the organs of the digestive system by the table
| organ | location | common information(weight, length, volume etc) | structure |
| stomach | |||
| small intestine | |||
| large intestine | |||
| liver | |||
| pancreas |
Завдання для самостійної роботи студента
1) Перекладіть словосполучення на англійську мову і складіть з ними речення
Травна система
Травний тракт
Ротова порожнина
Глотка і стравохід
Тонкий і товстий кишечник
Механічне і хімічне травлення
2) Дайте розгорнуту відповідь на питання
1) What does the alimentary canal consist of?
2) What substances does the stomach produce?
3) What are accessory organs of the digestive system?
3) Поясніть термін
Травний тракт
Травлення
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary
Exocrine [ʹeksəkraın] - екзокринний (зовнішньо-секреторний)
Sweat [swet] - піт
Duct [dʌkt] - проток
Homeostasis [͵hɒmıəʋʹsteısıs] - гомеостаз
Hypothalamus [ˌhaɪpəˈθæləməs] - гіпоталамус
Pineal gland [ˈpɪnɪəl …] - шишкоподібна залоза
Pituitary gland [ pɪˈtju:ɪtərɪ …] - гіпофіз
Thyroid [ʹθaırɔıd] - щитовидна залоза
Parathyroid - прищитовидна залоза
Thymus [ʹθaıməs] - тимус
Adrenal [əʹdri:n(ə)l] - надниркова залоза
Ovaries [ ˈəuvərɪz] - яєчники
Testes [ʹtesti:z] - яєчка
The overall well-being - загальне самопочуття
Exercise 2. Pronounce correctly
Endocrine [‘endəkraɪn], hormone [‘hɔ:məʋn], growth [grəʋθ], metabolism [meˈtæbəlɪzm], reproduction [ˌri:prəˈdʌkʃən], stimuli [ˈstɪmjulaɪ], hypophysis [haıʹpɒfısıs], bloodstream [ˈblʌdstriːm], through [θruː]
Exercise 3. Translate into Ukrainian
directly into the blood, to regulate certain internal processes, sweat and salivary glands, to control growth and development, the internal balance of body systems, body energy levels, response to stimuli, the network of glands, to secrete hormones, to transmit information, to deliver hormones to cells, the chemicals of the endocrine systemto influence other organs in the body, the overall well-being of a person
Grammar. Adjectives and Adverbs
| Professor N. delivered a lecture on the internal organs. what (organs)? Професор Н. прочитав лекцію про внутрішні органи. які (органи)? |
| Endocrine glands secrete hormones internally, using the bloodstream. how? Ендокринні залози виділяють гормони внутрішньо, через кровоток. як? |
* In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding -ly to an adjective
**Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective: early, fast, hard, late, near, straight, & wrong
***Remember: adverbs hard-hardly (наполегливо, важко – ледве, навряд) and late-lately (пізно – недавно) have different meanings
Exercise 4. Translate. Pay attention to the use of adjectives and adverbs
1) Endocrine glands secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood.
2) Direct sunlight may cause eye discomfort.
3) Sweat and salivary glands secrete externally and internally via ducts.
4) This medication is for external use only.
5) Hormones help your body function properly.
6) Proper diet prevents many gastrointestinal problems.
Exercise 5. Read the text. Translate. Tell about location of the endocrine glands using the
Picture
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood to help your body function properly.
The endocrine system works to regulate certain internal processes. Note: endocrine shouldn’t be confused with exocrine. Exocrine glands, such as sweat and salivary glands, secrete externally and internally via ducts. Endocrine glands secrete hormones internally, using the bloodstream.
The endocrine system helps control the following processes and systems:
- growth and development
- homeostasis (the internal balance of body systems)
- metabolism (body energy levels)
- reproduction
- response to stimuli (stress and/or injury)
The endocrine system completes these tasks through its network of glands, which are small but highly important organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones.
The glands of the endocrine system are hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland (hypophysis), thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes .
These glands produce different types of hormones. Hormones are molecules released by a group of cells in the body that influence the behavior of another group of cells. Hormones are the chemicals of the endocrine system. In response to a signal from the brain, hormones are secreted directly into the blood by the endocrine glands.
Like the nervous system, the endocrine system is one of your body’s main communicators. But instead of using nerves to transmit information, the endocrine system uses blood vessels to deliver hormones to cells.
The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland”. It greatly influences other organs in the body, and its function is vital to the overall well-being of a person.