Ex.1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above
Содержание
MODULE I 2
LESSON ONE. 2
Text A. The Aims of Education. 7
Text B. The Art of Writing. 9
LESSON TWO.. 28
Text A. Is Love an Art?. 36
Text B. On the Meaning of Life. 39
LESSON THREE. 64
Text A. People Aren’t Born Prejudiced. 70
MODULE II 95
LESSON ONE. 95
Text A. Management of Organizations. 98
LESSON TWO.. 119
Text A . Business Structure Basics. 123
LESSON THREE. 146
Text A: Leadership Styles. 148
Text B: Theories of Motivation. 151
APPENDIX.. 180
MODULE I
LESSON ONE
Text A: The Aims of Education
Text B: The Art of Writing
Grammar: Tense forms: active and passive
Phonetics:
1. Peculiarities of stress in English.
2. Gradually descending scale
PHONETIC EXERCISES
Task 1. Transcribe and practice the pronunciation of the following words:
Succeed; symptom; afford; argument; chaos; exertion; intense; rigorous; genuine; blithely; bowl; subtlety; ingratiate; verbose; deceitful; lively; percent; steadfastly; voluminous; thoroughly;; comment; meager; verbose; dawdle; exquisite.
Task 2. Mind the stress and practice pronunciation.
Cont´ribute - contri´bution;
Pre´fer - ´preference;
ig´nore - ´ignorance;
ex´pose - expo´sition;
e´valuate - evalu´ation;
com´pete - ´competent;
te´nacity - te´naciously;
in´fer – inferiority
'Volume vo'luminous 'voluble
De'ceive de'ceitful 'decent
In'quire in'quisitive in'quiry
A'live 'lively 'live
ֽPrepo'sition ֽpropo'sition pro'portion
'Lose 'loose 'loosen
Te'nacity te'naciously 'tenable
'Execute ֽexe'cution ex'ecutive
'Sense ֽsensi'tivity ֽsensu'ality
In'ferior inֽferi'ority in'fer
'Verb ver'bose 'verbalize
Sponta'neity spon'taneous spon'taneously
Task 3. Observing the stresses and tunes read and paragraph from the texts A and B.
Task 4. Exchange the paragraphs and do all the work again. Help each other to improve.
Task 5. Present model reading of one of the paragraphs you have worked at in a larger group (4-6) taking turns to succeed each other in the form of a competition. Analyse the merits of the winner and improve your own reading accordingly.
WORD BUILDING EXERCISES
Task 1. Underline the suffixes and state the part of speech.
Deceitful; conclusion; thoroughly; creative; entertainment; enormous; sensitivity; pressure; different; integrity; intense; exertion; responsibility; friendly; cooperative; educational; sufficient; ourselves; alliteration.
Task 2. Form antonyms of the following words by using negative prefixes or the suffix-less.
Please; differentiated; discriminately; fortunately; tour; able; natural; happy; faithful; known; related; troubled; mature; variably; consciously.
TARGET PATTERNS
| 1. a) Such criticism, when well-founded and constructive, is in no way demeaning for the willingness to accept it and learn from it is one mark of a mature individual. - Та критика, которая хорошо обоснована и конструктивна, никоим образом не унизительна, поскольку желание признать ее и извлечь из этого урок – признак зрелой личности. b) A democracy, however, cannot afford to transform its educational system into a Causus-race, for the success of a democracy depends in great part upon the understanding and capability of its citizens. - В демократическом обществе нельзя позволить себе превращать систему образования в объект предвыборной гонки, поскольку успех демократии в большей степени зависит от самосознания и способностей его граждан. |
| 2. Never have so many spent so long learning so little. - Никогда не было столь много затрат на то, чтобы выучить так мало. |
| 3. It is painful to have one’s ignorance exposed and frustrating to be baffled by intellectual subtleties. - Всегда болезненно воспринимается интеллектуальное невежество и бывает унизительно, когда вас загоняют в тупик. |
| 4. a) And that he means well is no reason why he should not be criticized for an inadequate performance. - И даже если он понимает все правильно, почему его не следует критиковать за плохое выполнение. b) But in both cases the joy is a result of overcoming genuine chellengers and cannot be experienced without toil. - И в обоих случаях радость является результатом преодоления настоящих трудностей, и не может быть достигнута без тяжелого труда. |
| 5. The urge to tell the world the truth is more widespread than the urge to lay bare one’s pain over having been jilted by Amanda Simpkins of Fleet Street. Потребность сказать миру правду возникает чаще, чем потребность высказать наболевшее по поводу обмана, совершенного Амандой Симпкинс с Флит стрит. |
| 6. a) When moved to explain, they sometimes tell you that you can become a good writer very simply. Когда их заставляют объяснить, они иногда говорят, что можно очень просто стать хорошим писателем. b) By taking himself seriously, this blighted half genius became the nightmare of editors. Относясь к себе серьезно, этот разочарованный полугений стал кошмаром для издателей. | |
| 7. a) Had O’Henry been allowed to publish his stories in the form he wrote them, he would have been the laughing-stock of the world. Если бы О’Генри разрешали публиковать рассказы в том виде, в котором он их писал, он бы стал посмешищем для всего мира. b) If I could, I’d make you buy several thousand sheets to fit into loose-leaf notebook covers. Если бы я мог, я бы заставил вас купить несколько тысяч листов бумаги, чтобы вставить их в блокнот с отрывными листами. | |
| 8. a) The best writers (whom I define as the upper ten percent of the entire group) spontaneously produce from three to twenty times as much as the average writers. Лучшие авторы (как я считаю это 10 процентов от всего количества писателей) с легкостью пишут от 3 до 20 раз больше, чем авторы средних способностей. b) The best writers are almost wholly wrapped up in saying what they have to say Лучшие писатели очень озабочены тем, какими словами им выразить то, что необходимо сказать. c) Having little or no pressure driving them to give form to a large idea, they slow down. Не испытывая или редко испытывая потребность придать форму большой идее, они замедляют темп. |
Ex.1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian, using the patterns above.
1. The teacher ought to have been told about making arrangements in advance.
2. Only when they had criticized her report did she start working hard.
3. He didn’t yield to their demand, for they had to provide more arguments.
4. Why shouldn’t they be provided with additional translation?
5. She can’t make an arrangement with you now, for she has had her report translated.
6. No sooner had we turned in our papers than he asked us to evaluate the thesis.
7. Yesterday she got her review heavily criticized.
8. Did you have your laboratory report checked yesterday?
9. Such a mature individual was he that he was offered carrying out an experiment.
10. He used to like having his students prepared when he taught at the university.
11. They can’t be given such a task for they must be taught how to do it beforehand.
12. Hardly ever had they performed the work when the professor suggested to arrange a discussion.
13. When coffee was ready, he reminded Ann of having promised to play to him.
14. I am displeased with having been kept waiting.
15. They become engrossed in describing every detail and forget about what they have to say.
16. Maggie soon got out of breath with running.
17. By traveling slowly we managed to reach the place of destination in safety.
18. After talking to the faculty the dean left to get to the meeting the students had called.
19. There was no danger of having been misunderstood.
20. Our work is devoted to testing out a new management structure and arouses great interest among the representatives of business circles.
21. I invited him to my room, but he made an excuse for going home.
22. If you are fully involved in your literary pursuits from morning till night.
23. You are happy with getting any chance to relax.
24. Finding him so friendly I asked him for a piece of advice.
25. Seeing clearly that it would be useless to debate the gentlemen left.
26. Hearing this he determined to start writing the essay afresh because he wanted his work to be well graded.
27. When traveling we learn a lot about other nationalities and get rid of many false prejudices.
28. When dressed, I sat a long time by the window, looking out over the fields.
29. The atmosphere in the room was completely unbearable, nobody spoke unless spoken to.
30. Had we known it was so dark we should have stayed on the path?
31. Should the patient show any signs of improvement please inform us about it?
32. She’d never have made the money that paid for your education hadn’t I given her a well-paid job.
33. Had I realised they were all actors in a film, I wouldn’t have ever believed them.
34. Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago but it is still in great demand.
35. The parents used to blame John for spending 10 times as much money as any of his friends.
36. The newly-married couple planned to have a house that would be 3 times as big as that of their parents’.
TARGET WORDS
Ex.1. Write the missing words in the sentences below instead of their definitions in brackets in the required form. Choose from the following:
Text A
Verbs
| Arrange involve provide resemble blame evaluate ingratiate attain yield to contribute stem from perform exposed skip |
1. He could hardly believe his eyes that the disease had (give in to, give way to) the treatment.
2. The foundation of a sound education is more likely to (help to make smth.happen) to the success of a democracy.
3. The ever-growing number of courses that involve no examinations (come from,develop as a result of) the misguided policies in our universities.
4. Whose duty is it to (give smth. to someone) children with books and pencils?
5. They decided to (organize ) a discussion on Tuesday morning.
6. Why does everything have to be (do smth.) successfully?
7. The level of proficiency has to be (reach) in a 5-year term.
8. To (judge, assess) any kind of work needs learning intellectual responsibility.
9. Does he (look like) his father?
10. Who doubts that mental training (include, be part of) pain and frustration?
11. I have nothing to (say that someone is responsible for smth. bad) myself for.
12. The survey (show the truth) the drawbacks of the existing educational system.
13. He made an attempt to (try hard to get someone’s approval) himself with her but she didn’t pay attention to him.
14. She used to (jump) from one topic to another while discussing different topics.
Adjectives
| rigorous demeaning intellectual incompetent misguided genuine intense sound mature precise |
1. (Severe, strict) standards are required for such types of colleges.
2. It is a must for every teacher to be a man of great integrity and (sensible) jugdement.
3. Why should (not having the ability to do a job properly) leaders govern the country?
4. You can trust her surprise that seems (sincere, true).
5. She felt such a (strong) pain in her side that couldn’t walk any longer.
6. Unfortunately, the government’s (making a situation worse, wrong idea) policy has led to the present crisis situation.
7. This job requires considerable (need serious thought) efforts.
8. He was supposed to be (fully grown & developed) for his age and often behaved in a sensible way.
9. I think, you should have got more (exact) information.
10. The management’s attitude to employees seemed to be (show less respect for someone that they deserve).
Nouns
| exertion chaos decay detour enterprise subtlety performance pass frustration toil |
1. I don’t understand why you took a (a way longer than the usual way) yesterday.
2. As a rule some translations lose (idea, detail difficult to notice, understand) of a language.
3. That kind of work was really a (very hard work for a ling period) for me.
4. All his things scattered turned his room into (nothing is organized or arranged in order).
5. Some areas after the war fell into (gradual destruction of).
6. Private (business, activity, company) are usually considered more profitable than the state ones.
7. This kind of work turned out to be real mental (a lot of physical ot mental efforts made) for us.
8. If you don’t get a (successful result or work) in English you can’t study at this faculty any longer.
9. They were scared of being fired for poor (act of doing a piece of work).
10. Some students often feel a sense of (feeling annoyed, upset) if they fail exams.
Text B
1) Nouns:
| wrangles sensitivity | relish inferiority | laughing-stock inspiration | smarts range |
1. They are all engrossed (in long noisy argument) instead of doing the job well.
2. George would never let anyone make (an object of ridicule) of himself.
3. I have no further (liking for) camping now that I am 90.
4. The (sharp pain, bodily or mental) of his wound kept him awake and he lay recalling what had happened.
5. An injection has been just made to reduce (degree, quality of being sensitive) of the pain.
6. It is well-known that (the state of being inferior) complex produces behavior such as boasting and aggression.
7. He has always derived his (influence producing creative activity in literature, music, art) from nature.
8. The annual (extent, distance between limits) of temperature in Russia varies from – 30 in winter to + 30 in summer.
2) Adjectives:
| keen rough | voluminous extensive | deceitful ttenacious | lively harsh | self-centered verbose | steadfast exquisite |
1. He has a (strong deep) interest in what he is doing.
2. The patient seems a little more (full of life and spirit) this morning than yesterday.
3. She is incapable of (intended misleading or deceiving) acting and would never tell lies.
4. She used to make (far-reaching) changes every time she publishes her text-book again.
5. Nobody likes (interested chiefly in one’s own affairs) people because it is difficult to associate with them.
6. Those were the (cruel severe) times when each newcomer to the new world had to survive.
7. It is a (made without attention to detail) copy of translation it is sure to be improved.
8. He is known for his (holding tightly refusing to let go) memory and is always ready to help when some information slips your mind.
9. His speech is quite (containing more words than are needed) as a rule although he tried to stick to the topic today.
10. Dickens was (producing many books) author he wrote more than any of his contemporaries.
11. He couldn’t help admiring this (carefully or elaborately done) statue of a famous actress.
12. The system of education still pursues (unchanging keeping firm to) old methods and approaches in teaching teenagers.
3) Verbs:
| be wrapped up in potter over disentangle resent | dawdle away haul out set something down | cling to cherish sympathize |
1. They (hold tight resist separation) together when the time came to part.
2. We never expect him (share the feelings or ideas of another person) because he thinks only about himself.
3. The tutor urged the students to stop (be slow and lazy) and do something useful.
4. He (feel indignant at) my criticism although it was quite well-founded.
5. For years she (keep alive in one’s heart) the hope that her husband might be alive.
6. He (waste time moving from one little job to another) over this unimportant article a whole afternoon and hasn’t done what he has to do.
7. They (pull with effort) the boat up the beach when everybody was ready to go.
8. He used (free from something that confuses) any kind of puzzles and was known as the master of detectives.
9. This author is very careful he always (write down on paper) everything he wants to say and then begins to choose the proper words for his ideas.