Its open house at the manor

It could be a sequel to the Manor Boom – to the Manor Drawn, perhaps. For years Nicky Mander coveted Owlpen Manor, a Tudor pile standing in a remote valley under the edge of the Cotswolds, its 200 acres of pasture, meadowland and enclosed formal garden flanked by beech woods and yews. He often fantasised about living there.

It is dream that came true more than two decades ago when the estate came on to the market and Nicky raised the money to buy it. Since then it has been home to Nicky, son of Sir Charles Mander and heir to his baronetcy, his Swedish wife Karin and their five children, all born at Owlpen.

For the past two years that space and the magnificent house has been shared with the public. These days parties of visitors gaze upon the antiques, furniture, painted cloths and Arts and Crafts pieces. Opening Owlpen, as a commercial concern was “absolutely essential,” says Karin very firmly. “If we wanted to go on living here we had to make it pay.”

Nicky, whose passion for the place led him to study its history in depth and write a detailed booklet about the estate, has more sentiment in his interpretation: This is a wonderful historic site with architecture from different times. It went through a Sleeping Beauty period when it was left, overgrown with ivy, huge trees falling down, and the place crumbling. That’s how it was until 1925 when Norman Jewson, a latter-day Arts and Crafts architect, came and pulled it back to good shape.

So it is that on a day of washed blue skies and sudden vivid sunshine, Nicky and Karin walk me around the house and cottages and an old mill, which they have converted into holiday accommodation, past the medieval Church of the Holy Cross, and on to the Queen Anne and Georgian gardens and the flowerbeds of the Tudor enclosure, described by Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe as possibly the earliest domestic garden in England to survive intact.

In summer they serve cream teas on the lawns overlooking the valley and the children, when they are home, help with this. They are also conscripted as wine waiters in the restaurant opened recently in a converted barn, where Karin prepares Swedish and European dishes. This often means, she says, “sitting up until the small hours poring over recipe books then working out how to interpret the dishes. Everything is made here, down to the ice cream and stock for the soups. I never use a bouillon cube.”

The Manders waited until four of the children were at school before “going public”, as Nicky puts it. But Fabian was still only five and, Karin remembers, “He couldn’t understand why I got uptight when he opened the kitchen door on to the hall when a coach load was coming in, or why other children used his slide.”On his birthday, which is at Easter, he had to sit in the ticket office with me, opening his presents.

“It was 100 per cent disruption of family life at first, and even now we are working every day of the week. But the children really enjoy it. They have become very self-sufficient and they get paid - although not very much -when they help or act as guides.”

It is a tiring business and last year, Karin recalls, she and Nicky decided it was a holiday or bust. They went to Sweden for a week, leaving the children in charge. She says, “We did feel more than a little nervous but they were wonderful.” “The great thing was the children coped in their own way and didn’t ring us the whole week.”

Even when they are there, things do not always go according to plan. Giving Nicky an old-fashioned look, Karin recalls the time Nicky was showing people around the top of the house where the family quarters are. 'I'd gone to our bedroom to change. I was stark naked in the middle of the room when in walks Nick, followed by eight people. I dived behind the four-poster and shouted, “Get out!” I suspect those guests are not ones who return regularly.'

And now the afternoon is drawing down, Karin and Nicky move from the garden to the family kitchen with its long wooden table. They open a bottle of wine, clink glasses and consider: “Sometimes we wonder what we’ve taken on, but people seem to be enthusiastic. It means we can live here and we can’t think of a nicer way to earn a living.”

TEXT 3

Assignment: Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Гостиная с нашей точки зрения - это не просто центр жилища, это еще и лицо дома или квартиры. В ней наиболее ярко отражаются вкусы, особенности характера, пристрастия и хобби хозяев. По традиции гостиная – самая большая комната в доме, тут пересекаются интересы всех членов семьи, поэтому столь важно создать комфортную среду для всей семьи и для каждого её члена в отдельности. По сравнению с другими помещениями квартиры диапазон планировочных, функциональных и оформительских возможностей здесь самый широкий.

2. Спальня – комната сугубо личная. В ней мы проводим треть жизни. Здесь царят покой и комфорт. Традиционно спальня делается изолированной и занимает один из дальних и тихих уголков квартиры. Основная функция спальни - обеспечить нормальные условия для сна. Но по вашему желанию здесь могут быть устроены и рабочее место, не позволяющее помещению «простаивать» в дневные часы, и уголок отдыха, который преобразит комнату в прелестный будуар.

3. Интерьер детской комнаты играет поистине огромную роль в развитии личности ребенка. Следует помнить, что детская комната служит ему одновременно и спальней, и гостиной, и игровой, а для детей школьного возраста - еще и местом для учебы.

4. Для вновь входящего в дом прихожая служит своего рода визитной карточкой, создает впечатление о доме и хозяевах, настраивает на дальнейшее их восприятие. Для обитателей жилья, будучи началом дома, она является психологическим рубежом между уличной суетой и домашним уютом, создает определенный эмоциональный настрой, атмосферу перехода от спокойствия и отдыха к состоянию деловой активности, и наоборот.

5. Любая хозяйка мечтает о комфортабельной и функциональной кухне, избавляющей от лишних движений. Когда каждый предмет кухонного интерьера не просто удобен, а оптимален. В такой кухне приятно находиться, все работает надежно, бесшумно и легко. Эксперименты показали, что, благодаря разумной организации пространства кухни, тщательно продуманной планировке, можно сэкономить до 60 процентов пути и 30 процентов времени.

6. Мы направляемся в ванную комнату сразу после сна. Этот визит должен быть первым приятным моментом наступающего дня. От внешнего вида и удобства этого помещения порой зависит наше настроение. Хорошо, когда помещение, предназначенное для личной гигиены, сияет и сверкает чистотой и новизной. Ванная комната может и должна быть удобной и красивой, независимо от размеров и избранного стиля ее оформления

Unit two

TEXT 1

Assignment: Read the text and say whether the statements after the texts are true or false.

THOUSAND DISEASES

(From Jerome K. Jerome. Three Men in a Boat)

I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight disease. I got down the book and read all I had come to read. Then without realising what I was doing I turned the leaves and began to study diseases generally. I do not remember which was the first disease I read about but before I looked through the list of the symptoms I felt that I had it. I kept on reading, feeling rather nervous, and realized that I was suffering from every disease imaginable. The only thing I had not got so far was housemaid’s knee. To say that I was worried and upset and that I felt miserable would be to say nothing. I nearly fainted. In fact I felt more dead than alive. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I discovered that I had no pulse. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped beating. I tried to look at my tongue. I stuck it out as far as it would go. I shut one eye, and tried to examine it with the other. I could only see the tip but I no longer doubted that in addition to everything I had scarlet fever.

It became clear to me that I would never recover and would never get rid of the thousand diseases I had. I gave up all hope. Medicine could not help me. I had walked into the reading-room a happy healthy man, I walked out an invalid.

Though I doubted if anyone would be able to cure me of my diseases, I decided to consult my physician. I always turn to him for advice and help. He is a good fellow and an old friend of mine. He has been treating me for many years. I never make an appointment with him, he’s always ready to see me.

He looks at my tongue, feels my pulse, talks about the weather, and all for nothing, when I imagine that I am ill. He never re­mains indifferent to what I say and always does his best to en­courage me when I start complaining of my diseases. I thought that he would be grateful if I went to him. “What a doctor wants,” I said to myself, “is practice”. He shall have me. He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred or­dinary patients with only one or two common diseases each.

“Well, what’s the matter with you? Got any complaints?” he asked.

I did not pretend to be calm. My whole life depended on what he would say.

“I will not take up your time, dear fellow, by telling you what is the matter with me,” I began. “Life is short and you may die before I’m through. But I’ll tell you right away what is not the matter with me. I haven’t got housemaid’s knee. Why I haven’t got it I cannot tell you. But the fact remains that I haven’t got it. Everything else I have got. My life is in danger.”

I told him how I came to discover it all. I didn’t pretend I wasn’t frightened. He took my temperature, felt my pulse, and then hit me over the chest when I wasn’t expecting it. After that he sat down and wrote out a prescription. He folded it and giving it to me said that I had better go home.

I did not open the prescription. I went to the nearest pharmacy to have it filled. The chemist read the prescription and handed it back. He apologized for being unable to help me. He said he didn’t keep it and smiled. I was very much annoyed. I did not see the joke.

I said, “You are a chemist, aren’t you?” He did not deny it. “I am a chemist,” he said. “If I were a department store and family hotel combined, I might be able to help you. But the matter is I am only a chemist. That’s why I can’t oblige you.” I read the prescription. It said:

“1 Ib (pound) beefsteak, with 1 pt (pint) beer every six hours. 1 ten-mile walk every morning. 1 bed at 11 sharp every night. And avoid stuffing up your head with things you don’t understand.”

I felt relieved. My life was out of danger. I didn’t tear up the prescription or throw it away. I followed the directions with the happy result that my life was saved and is still going on. My health improved, but I never mention the incident to anyone.

	True	False
1. Jerome K. Jerome looked through the list of symptoms and realised that he hadn’t got any disease
2. It became clear to him that he will soon recover
3. He felt happy and cheerful because he discovered that nothing was the matter with him
4. He didn’t doubt that he could be easily cured of his diseases
5. When he went to consult his physician, who was a very good specialist, he always made an appointment with him first
6. It seemed to Jerome K. Jerome that he had only one common disease
7. Jerome K. Jerome pretended that he wasn’t frightened
8. Jerome K. Jerome went to the pharmacy and had the prescription filled

TEXT 2

Assignment: Read the text and find out how herbal remedies and other alternative medicine are used by different nations. Give your own arguments for/against using herbal remedies.

HERBAL REMEDY USE AFFECTED BY CULTURE

Use of herbal remedies and other alternative medicine modalities may have as much or more to do with cultural differences than dissatisfaction with conventional medicine suggests a new University of Miami study.

The survey by the university’s Department of family medicine of 800 patients at 13 primary-care practices in South Florida found that herbal medicines are used by 31.6 percent of patients, while 59.2 percent acknowledged using other dietary supplements such as minerals and vitamins.

Principal investigator Dr. Bernd Wollschlaeger was surprised to find significant cultural differences in use of herbal remedies. “For example, Hispanic patients are more likely to use home remedies than other patients, and patients with one or both parents born outside the United States are more likely to use herbs and home remedies,” the researcher says.

Dr. Wollschlaeger also found that herbal sales fell 15 percent between 1999 and 2000, possibly attributable to negative publicity about potentially adverse effects and interactions with prescription drugs. However, he says that about half of the herb-using patients surveyed were unaware of possible side effects or interactions. Most patients had not advised their physician about their use of herbs or vitamins, but would volunteer such information if it were requested. Many indicated that they considered their physicians ill-informed about herbs and vitamins.

His findings were presented during the 2002 Caribbean Medical Cruise for Complementary/Alternative Therapies. The learning cruise was sponsored by The Institute of Integrated Medicine, Inc. of London. Wollschlaeger was one of about 30 experts who presented on science-based complementary and alternative medicine topics during the seven-day cruise.

TEXT 3

Assignment: Read the text and give some arguments in favour of homeopathic medicine.

HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT IN A POLLUTED WORLD

(by Doctor of Homeopathy, practicing classical homeopathy)

Autumn is beautiful...for some people. There are those who cannot breathe outdoors once harvesting begins. The pesticides on the plants are now more intensely part of the air we breathe. And maybe you’re one of many whose eyes weep and noses congest once the leaves start falling from the trees. What is the impact of the environment in our lives? There is air pollution, noise pollution, and light pollution, to name a few. Our water is polluted and our food is polluted.

How do we protect ourselves from these forces and live a full and healthy life? Is it enough to eat organically in a polluted world? Is it enough to drink bottled water? Do we relocate to the country to avoid the excessive air pollution in the city?

We certainly can make every concerted effort to decrease our intake of toxins, but what we really need is to ensure our bodies have the vital power to effectively handle the environmental hazards that besiege us in today’s society.

Homeopathic medicine offers the alternative. It is recognized worldwide as safe and effective in treating many ailments and has been practised in Germany, France and England for the last two centuries.

Homeopathy is a medical system of healing that assists the natural tendency of the body to heal itself. One of the primary principles of homeopathic medicine is that the symptoms a person experiences represent the defensive efforts of the body to heal itself. The symptoms of ill health are expressions of disharmony within the whole person, and the entire imbalance must be treated, not just the disease. When the body’s healing power is faulty, blocked or slow, a correctly chosen homeopathic remedy will act as a stimulus to the body’s own curative powers.

Homeopathic remedies are prescribed according to the Law of Similars. This natural law states, “That which makes sick shall heal.” This means that the symptoms caused by an overdose of a substance in its crude form are the same symptoms that can be alleviated in a case of disease with only a small, minute, diluted amount of the same substance. For example, we all know what happens when we cut up a red onion. Our eyes may water. Our noses start to run. In its crude form, a healthy person becomes affected by the symptoms stimulated by the onion. However, this same substance (red onion), as a diluted homeopathic remedy, can heal a person of these symptoms, which may be part of a cold or allergies.

TEXT 4

Assignment: Read the text and learn some more useful information on homeopathic medicine on the example of asthma.

THE EFFECTS ON OUR HEALTH

We live in a polluted environment where the air is alarming, the water is contaminated by chemicals and foods are processed and highly artificial. Our bodies must overcompensate in order to deal with these adverse conditions. How much insult can the body take?

As stated above, the body’s way of expressing the imbalance within comes in the form of disease: chronic bronchitis, asthma, allergies, migraine headaches, eczema, learning disabilities, multiple sclerosis. These are just a few diseases that manifest themselves in the body when the cup has overflowed.

Homeopaths view each case as unique and treat each patient on an individual basis. They look for the striking characteristics that show how the person is sick and what might be maintaining their disease; in other words, what environmental component is keeping someone in this diseased state. What are the obstacles to the cure?

Let’s look at two people with asthma – two individuals, two kinds of asthma and, most probably, two different homeopathic remedies.

One patient has asthma periodically. The asthma gets worse at change of weather and, particularly, in any cold, damp, stormy weather. This individual experiences severe reactions to cats and smoke. Bronchitis is in the medical history, with wheezing and scant perspiration. Lastly, this person feels much better with any warmth and warm drinks. Another patient with asthma has a marked, tickling cough that is worse in cold wind and better in damp, rainy weather. Symptoms worsen with talking or laughing, and it’s often hard to get a deep enough breath. On top of the asthma, this person suffers from chronic sinusitis and bronchitis. The previous examples are used to merely point out that although two people have asthma, homeopathic medicine looks at how they have asthma and treats accordingly.

Our environment is so impure that it will most certainly weaken our body’s ability to correct itself. When you add emotional symptoms, everyday stresses and work overload into the mix, the imbalance heightens and the vitality of life decreases. Homeopathy will treat you as an individual and remedy your unique vital energy.

TEXT 5

Assignment: Read the text and give a short summary of it.

BLUEBERRIES MAY IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

A study by researchers at the University of Houston indicates that eating blueberries may help fight age-related memory loss in rodents and, by extension, perhaps in humans. Cooked blueberries, as in a blueberry pie, might be even better for you. Eating strawberries and spinach may have similar benefits, according to the research.

“Eating the sort of diet mother told us to eat isn’t such a bad idea,” says one professor of psychology and neuroscience at the university. His student research group did the blueberry testing. “Departing from a meat-and-potato, limited diet to one where we eat a variety of fruit and vegetables is beginning to look as if it might help and it’s hard to see how it would hurt.”

A related study has also been conducted on the effect of spinach on learning ability in aging rats by a group of researchers from the University of South Florida. Both studies indicate that the specific foods could markedly improve performance, either in memory or learning, in rats at an age at which they normally would have age-related problems.

With the population aging, and baby boomers approaching senior-citizen status in massive numbers, there is an increasing interest in finding ways to improve the lives of older people, not incidentally decreasing the cost of supporting the health of those new seniors. “This is one topic that has general interest because this is one thing people can do for themselves,” Malin says. “Waiting for a miracle cure for aging and Alzheimer’s could be a pretty long wait. We could perhaps be doing something for ourselves in the meantime, possibly through dietary changes.”

Malin was intrigued by results of experiments done elsewhere with fruits and vegetables, especially with blueberries. That research indicated the effects of aging in rats might be slowed if they ate a diet of rat chow containing blueberry extract. “I wondered, if the brain is aging less slowly in terms of neurochemistry, does that mean that some of the deterioration in memory ability that comes with aging could be slowed down?” he says.

The result of the test was that elderly rats that ate blueberry extract had equal or better memory than young rats in the same tests. A control group of aged rats not eating blueberry extract had no improvement.

Malin warns that there is no guarantee the results translate to people. However, a great many treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders were originally discovered through testing rats and mice. Most of the neurochemical processes in the rat and human are similar. Also, there are corresponding brain structures in the rat brain and the human brain.

Unit three

TEXT 1

Assignment: Read the text, comprehend it and give answers to the test given after it.

PERSONAL HEALTH TEST

Good health is directly connected with total life style. More and more people are becoming aware that they can improve their lives by opting for the right food, finding a form of exercise they enjoy and, above all, understanding the fundamentals of basic good health.

Out of sheer self-interest, insurance companies have gone to great lengths to calculate the life expectancy of various “average” citizens. They lay great emphasis on heredity factors: the children of short-lived parents and grandparents will probably die earlier than those with long-lived ancestors. There is, of course, nothing we can do about our bloodstock. How­ever, if your parents and grandparents all died young, don’t despair. In learning enough about heredity to compile such statistics, we have paved the way for preventive medicine and monitoring systems which will one day cancel out such disadvantages of birth. Furthermore, whatever your birthright, adopting a vigilant attitude to health can radically improve your prospects.

Here is a questionnaire against which to measure your current levels of fitness and your vulnerability to illness. Remember – the very fact that you are attempting it probably proves that you have resolved to improve your health, so don’t worry if the results don’t please you. It is much more important to be honest with yourself than to score highly.

One section concerns your personal health, one your eating habits, one your patterns of exercise and the fourth your general lifestyle. It may be that you score well with “Nutrition”, for example, but less well with “Exercise”. In this case, you probably tire quickly despite eating a sound diet. Since your heart has no stamina. Or perhaps stress is sapping your energy; that will show up in your scores for the “Lifestyle” section. All-round health is a combination of food, fitness and lifestyle. This division into sections should help you to pinpoint the particular areas where you have most room for improvement.

LIFESTYLE

1. How do you spend your working day?

a) doing hard, physical work;

b) sitting at a desk;

c) standing up.

2. How many of the following things have happened to you in the last two years: marriage, house removal, bereavement, burglary, childbirth, divorce, change of job, car crash, worrying debt?

a) none;

B) more than three;

c) one or two.

3. How often do toy have free hours to yourself?

a) every day;

b) never;

c) once a week.

4. Is there anyone you feel able to confide in?

a) my partner, relations, friends and colleagues;

b) nobody;

c) my partner.

5. Do you get depressed?

a) rarely;

b) often;

c) sometimes.

6. Are you unable to sleep?

a) hardly ever;

b) often;

c) sometimes.

7. When did you last laugh out loud?

a) today;

d) don’t remember;

C) last week.

8. How frequent are quarrels and bickering in your household?

a) rare;

b) commonplace;

d) rather too regular.

9. What is your attitude to getting old?

a) I’ll try to keep fit and alert;

B) dread;

c) it can’t be helped.

10. When you are dissatisfied with your lot, what is generally to blame?

a) my attitude of mind;

b) my partner;

c) fate.

11. Where do you live?

a) in the countryside;

b) in a city;

c) in a suburb or provincial town.

Summing up. Country life has more to recommend it than just lower pollution levels. It operates at a slower pace, and often involves healthy outdoor activities. Absolute isolation, though, can be extremely stressful. To be confined to a remote, gale-swept island closely resembles life on the top floor of a tower block.

Stress of a milder form is not wholly bad. It increases alertness and powers of performance. But unless you can escape it for a while every day, it is a clock spring which will eventually over wind.

Any change of circumstances is stressful – even seemingly pleasurable ones like marriage, childbirth or a new job. So you should think twice about undertaking more than one avoidable upheaval in any one year.

Confiding hopes and fears in a friend not only gives you the benefit of their advice but actually helps to organize a strategy for coping. Shut up in your head, worries can grow out of all proportion.

A feeling of self-reliance is equally important. However many demands are made on you, your life should ultimately be of your own making.

You may feel that happiness is a health factor over which you have no control. A happy marriage and a sense of humour are certainly gifts to be prized. Severe shocks and bereavement show an uncanny correlation with the onset of disease shortly afterwards, and certainly there is nothing you can do to avoid such things. Many of us cannot even chose where we live or what we do for a living. There are many petty forms of discontent, however, which can be overcome by the right mental approach. What is your attitude to meditation or yoga? E in the west tends to look askance at remedies from another culture, but both these “arts” are of proven benefit to anyone under stress.

If your scores were mostly As in this section, you can consider yourself both wise and fortunate. If your scores were mostly Cs, consider whether or not you have let a fundamentally good lifestyle get into a rut. Would it benefit from some new challenges, new relationships and from a little fun? Perhaps you need to turn mealtimes back into times when you and your family talk to each other.

If you answered the questions mostly with Bs, it might be time for a close look at your life. Is there some pleasurable pastime you could take up? There is always something you can do to improve your lot – even if it is only to nurture an inner reservoir of peace.

Unit four

TEXT 1

Assignment: Read the text and compare the way Londoners spend their leisure time with that of the citizens of our city.

GETTING TICKETS

London is a world centre for music, theatre and arts festivals. Choosing what to see is easy; getting tickets takes cunning. You can buy tickets for pop concerts from ticket agencies (but you will usually pay a fee on top of the ticket price) or direct from the venue itself. Look in weekly national publications like Melody Maker, New Musical Express for details of rock and pop concerts around the country. In London, the weekly publications Time Out or What’s On in London are available from newsagents and worth buying. There is a telephone information service giving recorded de­tails of major pop concerts in London; call the London Tourist Board on (0891) 505 447 (calls cost 36p per minute cheap rate and 48p per minute at other times). If there’s a major group playing, tickets usually sell out fast so make sure you know where the ticket venue is located and the first day they go on sale.

Shaftesbury Avenue is the heart of London’s established West End theatre land. The official Half-Price Ticket Booth in Leicester Square (administered by the Society of London theatre) is where many London theatre tickets are available on the day of the performance for half-price plus a service charge of up to £2. The booth is open Tuesday-Sunday from 12:00 for matinee tickets and Monday-Saturday from 12:00-18:30 for evening performances.

Tickets that remain unsold immediately before the performance are also sometimes available from the theatre box office at reduced rates. Some theatres offer standby tickets to students who may be asked for their student identification. The theatres operating student standby schemes are indicated by the symbol (S) in the printed theatre listings.

Performances start around 19:30 but Wednesday and Saturday matinees which start at around 14:30 might be easier to get tickets for if the show is popular. Some theatres now have performances on Sundays also.

Visitors are advised not to buy tickets from people who approach them in the queue outside the official Half-Price Ticket Booth or outside the venue itself. For long-running popular shows like Cats, Starlight Express, Phantom of the Opera, Les Miserables, you can either purchase a ticket from the ticket agencies (which carry a surcharge due to the heavy demand); or queue (often all day) for a return ticket; or ring the theatre at the beginning of the week to check if any tickets have been returned from agencies (often happens in quiet months).

TEXT 2

Assignment: Discuss the following article. Make up a plan and compare it with those of your group-mates.

Million people a year enjoyed Crimea’s spas and seascapes, according to the Crimean Prime Minister. Last year, however, only 2.6 million people vacationed in Crimea, the ministry reported. Domestic debt, industrial slow downs and an unstable currency hurts the Ukraine’s travel industry. Fewer Ukrainians can afford to travel and those who can tend to visit forcing countries. For the Ukrainians and foreigners, it’s generally cheaper to travel abroad than it is to travel within the Ukraine. One day in the Crimea costs about US$ 25 – one day in Turkey or Bulgaria costs about US$ 12 to 18. Moreover, Ukrainian travel price often do not correspond with the quality of services. Poor meals, dingy rooms and shoddy transportation command nearly the same prices as comfortable western accommodations in other countries.

To promote tourism in the Ukraine the industry needs a better state program to encourage competition among agencies. There is little profit for travel agencies selling vacation packages in the Ukraine. The tourism that does exist comes mostly from other Commonwealth of Independent States countries and from children’s school trips. Before the 1990s, Intourist hotel was usually filled with tourists. But the orientation changed. Now we can count only a handful of tourists among hundreds of businesspeople.

Domestic tourism in much more developed in foreign countries than is international tourism. That means, for example, a Frenchman is more likely to vacation in France than in, say, Germany. Each year, about 80 percent of the population of industrialized countries travels. In 1995, the European Community expects to earn US$ 380 billion from tourism. The tourism industry in some countries, like Poland, makes up 20 to 50 percent of the country’s gross national product. The tourism industry in the Ukraine makes up 1 percent of the country’s GNP.

A strong legal base would help keep tourism afloat in the Ukraine. There would be a law on the qualifications an agency must meet to be licensed. This law also should outline the rights of tourists and tourism agencies, which will increase people’s confidence in the Ukrainian tourism industry. A law providing this structure awaits Parliament’s consideration. The law is to put the Ukrainian tourism industry in line with international standards and demands.

Since August 1994, the Ukrainian State Committee for Tourism, in accordance with the Ukrainian law on entrepreneurial work, licensed more than 800 tourism agencies and organizations. Licensing protects the interests of tourists by guaranteeing agencies meet international standards and services, creates equal possibilities for all entrepreneurs at the tourist market, improves services and leads the industry to international norms. Licensing stipulates that a tourism agency should have necessary equipment, means of communications, bank account and well-trained personnel.

The Ukraine is trying to enter the international market of tourism to popularise Ukrainian tourist potential to attract foreign tourists. We have come to understand that only our joint efforts will help us achieve our goals and bring foreign tourists to the Ukraine.

KEYS TO THE EXERCISES

Unit one

HOME. HOUSE

Ex. 3. p. 11.	1) appliance; 2) arrange; 3)with regard to; 4) in a row; 5) renovate; 6) fridge; 7) sink; 8) stove; 9) counter; 10) bathroom; 11) fixture; 12) bathtub; 13) whirlpool.
Ex. 3. p. 14.	1. Flooring finish should be slip-resistant. 2. Floor of shower should be non-slip and as wide as possible. 3. Walls around shower must be waterproof using ceramic tile, plastic laminate or fibreglass. 4. Material used on floors must be waterproof, durable and easy to clean. 5. To make floor area look larger, select a pale or medium colour.
Ex. 5. p. 15.	1) b; 2) a; 3) e; 4) f; 5) d; 6) c; 7) h; 8) g.
Final test p. 27	1) a; 2) b; 3) c; 4) c; 5) a; 6) c; 7) b; 8) a; 9) с; 10) а.

Unit two

MEDICINE. MEDICAL TREATMENT

Ex. 1. p. 38.	A. 1) ill; 2) ill; 3) sick; 4) sick; 5) sick, ill; 6) ill; 7) sick, ill; 8) sick. B. 1) illness, disease; 2) disease; 3) disease; 4) illness. C. 1) cure, healing; 2) healed; 3) healed. D. 1) pain; 2) ache; 3) hurt; 4) ache; 5) hurt.
Ex. 3. p. 39.	1) e; 2) d; 3) f; 4) c; 5) a; 6) b.

Ex. 5. p. 40.

Noun	Adjective	Verb
breathlessness, breath	breathless	breathe
faint	faint	faint
shiver, shivering	shivery	shiver
dislocation	dislocated	dislocate
ache	aching	ache
treatment	–	treat
swelling	swollen	swell
Ex. 8. p. 41.	1) b; 2) h; 3) g; 4) g; 5) a; 6) i; 7) d; 8) c; 9) f; 10) e.
Ex. 10. p. 41.	Infectious: chickenpox, flu, mumps, sore throat, ulcer. Non-infectious: allergy, brain haemorrhage, cancer, heart attack, rheumatism, sprained ankle.
Ex. 11. p. 41.	1) e; 2) h; 3) b; 4) k; 5) i; 6) d; 7) c; 8) j; 9) f; 10) a; 11) g.
Final test p. 52.	1) a; 2) c; 3) d; 4) c; 5) b; 6) b; 7) a; 8) c; 9) a; 10) d.

Unit three

HEALTHY LIFE STYLE

Ex. 2. p. 58	1. Beets have 58 calories per cup and are loaded with iron and potassium. 2. Apples are a first-rate source of fiber. 3. Beans are high in protein and are beneficial to the muscular system. 4. Beets are valued for their laxative properties. 5. Broccoli is loaded with Vitamins A and C which helps ward off colds. 6. Carrots are particularly noted as a high source of beta carotene, which converts to Vitamin A in the body.   7. Although high in cholesterol, eggs are considered by many to be excellent for the brain and nervous system.
Ex. 5. p. 62.	1) c; 2) e; 3) d; 4) a; 5) b.
Final test p. 68	1) a; 2) c; 3) c; 4) b; 5) a; 6) a; 7) b; 8) c.

Unit four

PEOPLE AT LEISURE

Ex. 3. p. 73.	Make: a cake, a face, a go of, a noise, a profit, a suggestion, allowances, an appointment, an attempt, an excuse, war, the best of. Do: your duty, your homework, your worst, business with, some washing, the gardening, your best.
Ex. 4. p. 73.	1. Why did Ivan make off so quickly when I arrived? 2. We’re doing up our kitchen and we could do with more paint. 3. Buying a house is expensive. We’ll have to do without a holiday this year. 4. A new house should make up for no holiday! 5. Ivan sent me a note yesterday and I can’t make out what Ivan’s written. 6. We’re doing away with our very old cooker and buying a new one. 7. We didn’t have a map, so we made for the hills hoping to find somewhere to stay.
Ex. 5. p. 74.	My husband does a lot of work: he is very hard working. My husband makes a lot of work: he creates a lot of work for others to do. I’m going to do the windows today: I’m going to clean or perhaps paint the windows today. I’m going to make the windows today: I’m going to put the glass in the frames. I have to do the dishes: I have to do the washing-up. I have to make the dishes: I have to create them i.e. I must be someone who works with ceramics or pottery. Ivan makes a lot of washing-up: Ivan uses a lot of plates and cutlery, which others have to wash up. Ivan does a lot of washing-up: Ivan frequently washes the dishes. Alex did his violin: Alex did some violin practise. Alex made his violin: Alex constructed his own violin.
Ex. 2. p. 82.	1) a; 2) d; 3) b; 4) e; 5) c; 6) g; 7) i; 8) f; 9) h.
Ex. 3. p. 83.	One morning last June some friends and I were staggering down (1) Bolshaya Nikitskaya Ulitsa after a night of clubbing (2) when a sign advertising the club’s open-air traditional breakfasts drew our attention (3). The promise of a leisurely meal (4) eaten on a well-landscaped patio was more temptation than we could resist at 9 a.m. and we went inside, passing through the venue’s (5) iron gates, into the courtyard of an 18th-century estate with a smoking grill at its centre. 2. The club had totally altered its interior (6), its entertainment (7) programme. 3. A few weeks ago, I found myself looking for a cosy facility where I could throw a birthday party (8) for a friend.
Final test p. 87.	1) a; 2) b; 3)c; 4) a; 5) b; 6) a; 7) с; 8) b.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

ДОРОГИЕ СТУДЕНТЫ!

Мы с удовольствием поздравляем вас с завершением еще одного этапа в совершенствовании владения английским языком. В дополнение к изученным ранее в первом пособии разговорным темам, в этой части мы представили еще четыре темы: “Home. House” («Интерьер дома»), “Medicine. Medical treatment” («Медицина и лечение»), “Healthy life style” («Здоровый образ жизни»), “People at Leisure” («Досуг»), после проработки которых, надеемся, вам будет легко общаться со своими сверстниками в любой англоязычной стране мира. Вы пополнили свой лексический запас, выучили новые идиоматические выражения, вспомнили пословицы и обсудили в своих группах очень важные проблемы, волнующие молодых людей многих стран мира.

Поспешим еще раз напомнить, что нет предела совершенству и вам необходимо далее изучать английский язык, развивать лингвистическую любознательность, как можно больше читать, слушать радио и смотреть фильмы, да и просто не упускать возможности применить свои знания в жизни, общаться на иностранном языке как можно больше, находить друзей по переписке и путешествовать.

Помните, что языку научить нельзя, ему можно только научиться! Поэтому мы рады, если вы использовали наше пособие и для самообучения. Огромное количество новых слов и выражений, сгруппированных по темам, подкрепляются упражнениями, направленными на их усвоение. Интересные тексты, представляющие собой статьи из аутентичных журналов, газет и книг позволяют расширить ваш кругозор, представляют лингвистический интерес да и просто являются занимательным чтением.

Мы хотели убедить вас, что изучать иностранный язык интересно, увлекательно, но это не цель, а всего лишь прекрасный инструмент, с помощью которого мы познаем мир, учимся рассуждать и мыслить.

Продолжать этот увлекательный процесс вы сможете и сами, а помощником в этом вам может стать Интернет, используя бесконечные образовательные ресурсы которого, вы найдете много познавательной и полезной информации. Ниже приведены адреса некоторых сайтов, знакомящих пользователей с технологиями обучения иностранным языкам.

Www.lang.ru

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