Task 1. Identity the tenses then match them with the correct description

1. She’s getting more and more egocentric.	a. Actions which will be in progress at a stated future time.
2. He has tried to change his comment in the light of new ideas.	b. Complete past actions.
3. O’Henry seldom wrote a short story fit to print.	c. Questions, suggestions, offers with I/we in questions.
4. A speaker has been laying out his proposal for 10 minutes.	d. Changing or developing situations.
5. Before his novel was published he had lost relish for writing.	e. Actions which happened within specific time period which is not over at the time of speaking.
6. When he was young he wrote a good deal fairly well.	f. Action which will be finished before a stated future time.
7. I was pottering over a new idea while taking extensive notes to be led to something else.	g. Frequently repeated actions.
8. He is always resenting well-grounded criticism.	h. Recently completed action whose results are visible in the present.
9. He had been trying to succeed for many years before he gave up.	i. Expressing anger, annoyance, irritation.
10. This year he has started writing his manuscript afresh.	j. Experiences.
11. It is supposed they have improved skills in academic writing.	k. An action of certain duration continuing up to a specific time in the past.
12. Someone has been using my new concept I’d like to work out.	l. Past habits or stated which are now finished.
13. Students usually take mid-term exams in winter.	m. An action which happened before another action in the past.
14. I fear he’ll yield the temptation to play truancy.	n. Things we are sure about or have already decided to do in the near future.
15. She won’t have interpreted the information obtained until July.	o. Expression hopes fears, promises and so on.
16. I’ll be taking final exams this time next month.	p. Actions or predictions which we think (not) happen in the future.
17. They are going to arrange for Mr. Smith to deliver a lecture on strategic management.	q. Permanent situations or tastes
r. Putting emphases on duration.
18. Shall we verify what’s been written?	s. Two or more actions happening at the same time in the past.

Task 2. Fill the gaps with the appropriate form of the verb:

The courses which ………….. by a college or university are called its curriculum (provide). The complete curriculum ………….. in the prospectus of the institution (outline). It gives the requirements for entry to each course, as well as the credits which a student ………….. for the course (award). Each course………….. as giving a specified number of credits (designate). For graduation usually about 120 credits ………….. for schools using the semester calendar (require).

In selecting their courses students ………….. freedom by schools (grant). Almost all schools have a certain number of required subjects. Nonrequired courses called electives can also ………….. by students (opt). Usually students …………..more opportunity to choose by liberal-arts colleges than do technical schools (offer).

Task 3. Rewrite the sentences of the following passage in the passive. In some sentences there is no need to do it. Make up questions of all types:

Grading is a method used in schools to record student’s achievements. Almost every school keeps a record of each student’s achievements in order to have some basis for measuring his progress. The record supplies information for reports to parents. Universities and colleges often use this information to help determine whether they should admit a student.

For a long time, the most common method of recording achievement was by percentage, with a mark or grade of 100 per cent representing perfect achievement. Today the letters А, В, C, D, E, and occasionally F are much more commonly used. The mark A stands for exceptional achievements, and E or F means failure.

A few schools use no marking system at all. Instead, each teacher writes a detailed letter to the parents. Such letters report the students’ progress, attitude, activities, and social adjustment.

Task 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

The educational system – its organization, its control, its content __________ (change) rapidly to meet the perceived needs of the country, the need to improve standards and to respond to a rapidly changing and competitive economy.

The university system also __________ (provide) a national network of extra-mural or “Continuing Education” Departments which ___________ (offer) academic courses for adults who __________ (wish) to study after they __________ (leave) school or higher education.

A major aim of the government __________ (be) to increase the number of students who__________ (enter) into higher education. The driving force for this __________ (be) the economic one. It __________ (assume) that the more people who __________ (attain) a degree level, the more likely the country is to succeed economically.

The growth in this sector of education __________ (be) quite staggering. Only a few years ago 15% of the age group __________ (enter) higher education. Now it is 30% (although a significant proportion of this 30%) are actually mature students who __________ (join) university after spending some time in a job or bringing up a family. This increase __________ (become) possible by the doubling of universities and colleges of higher education with in a very few years mainly by turning the polytechnics into universities. There are now about 90 universities and a further 20 or so colleges of higher education in Britain. The country __________ (move) rapidly from a rather elitist system to one which is much more open, if not yet a mass system of higher education.

The change in the numbers of university students __________ (make) a profound effect upon the nature of university education. Once there __________ (be) a clear distinction between academic education and vocational education, the latter (with the exception of the training for the professions, such as law and medicine) __________ (take place) in the polytechnics. Now that distinction __________ (disappear) and universities __________ (provide) a wide range of courses from highly academic to very vocational practical ones, such as degrees in hotel and catering or leisure tourism.

There __________ (occur) massive changes in higher education. Until 1828 there __________ (be) only two universities, Oxford and Cambridge. In 1828 the University of London __________ (get up) followed shortly by Durham and King’s College London. By 1900, the great northern civic universities of Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool and then Newcastle __________ (establish).

By the end of the Second World War there __________ (be) in England and Wales, about 20 universities and university colleges. There __________ (be) a rapid increase in the 1960s and 1970s to about 40. Side by side with there __________ (be) the Polytechnics which __________ (focus upon) more vocational and practical higher education work, closely associated with industry.