The Labour market: essence and the mechanism of functioning

Work - conscious expedient activity of people by means of which they alter substance, using their natural properties, adapting for satisfaction of the needs. A manpower - the workers who are taking part work. The maintenance of labour activity is defined by character of application of technics, technology, the organization of manufacture, quality of a professional training (workers).

It is necessary to distinguish also concepts, as "staff", the personnel and a manpower of the enterprise, a facilities. A manpower are workers, the personnel - all staff of the enterprise, the staff the qualified structure of workers of the enterprise.

On quantitative structure differs Leaf the phenomenon and average number of workers. Leaf the phenomenon - quantity of the workers who have was for work. Average - consisting on the account in the enterprise.

The average parameter of workers is applied to definition of labour productivity. Labour productivity is defined by division of the let out volume of production (in tenge, etc.) on quantity of workers, and also the average salary (quantity ofthe total salary which shares on quantity of the personnel ).

A professional training for work in conditions of market attitudes. Financing of expenses for preparation and improvement of professional skill in conditions of the market.

A professional training is carried out as required. Usually the enterprises accept ready experts. At sharp necessity of workers direct on training, expenses on which join in the cost price of production. They are pawned in the financial plan, usually it is done at large, economically profitable enterprises.

Personnel work at the enterprises.

Manpower are to the main components of any enterprise, quality of let out production depends on knowledge and qualification of workers. Efficiency of their use raises productivity and competitiveness of the enterprise.

They realize material, raw elements of manufacture in finished goods, in technological equipment, predetermines cost of the goods and relative density of an additional product.

Depending on an educational level and labour activity the staff of the enterprise differ by trades, specialities.

Trade - the kind of activity demanding theoretical knowledge and practical skills, and a speciality - activity, within the limits of the certain trade, having the specific features and demanding additional knowledge.

Depending on the list of staff - the document of the enterprise - the certain posts are provided. A manpower are formed from among unemployeds by preparation on a working speciality. For employment of post ИТР training in colleges, high schools is necessary.

Definition of need of the enterprise in a manpower

The need of the enterprise for a manpower is defined depending on the "know-how".

By development of the plan on work first of all it is necessary to start with a problem of maintenance of high and steady rates of growth of labour productivity and their excess of rates of growth of the average salary of workers.

The plan on work is made with breakdown on quarters for all groups working. In it number of workers is defined as average number on norm of the workdays, working are subdivided into 2 groups:

The cores - industrially-industrial personnel. Depending on character of performed work are subdivided into categories:

- Workers;

- ИТР;

- Employees;

- The younger attendants;

-pupils and protection.

Planning of number working.

At calculation rational use of a manpower, a proper correlation of categories of the personnel is necessary. The Basis for calculation of aggregate number ППП pays off by summation of number of separate categories of workers.

Scheduled number of the personnel should not exceed the established limit. It is defined on workplaces and specifications of development.

Labour productivity and methods of its measurement

Labour productivity at the modern enterprise is measured by quantity of the made volume of production (in tenge, tons, etc.) in unit of time (for example, for 1 hour or within the working day).

The Basic parameters are development () and labour input (Мтр) production. Counted under the following formula:

О=Т/Б; Мтр=Т/Ш

Where: Ш - volume of made production in tenge, or tons;

- average (within a year) number of workers, the person;

Т - time spent for manufacture of the goods or all production during certain time, hours or the working day.

Factors of a reserve of labour productivity consist, first, in improvement of use of fund of working hours, secondly, in reduction of expenses of working hours by manufacturing of a unit of production and, thirdly, in reduction of quantity of the people working on any machine tool, a technological line.

The Direction of growth of labour productivity - maintenance of the maximal employment of the population and reduction of a rate of unemployment in conformity with strategy of struggle against poverty and unemployment.

Theme 9. The Payment