Night And Day Around The Milky Way

“Every day aboard a space shuttle is different in many ways, but you’re always busy up there!” said crew member Leroy Chiao when we asked him to tell us about a typical day on a mission in orbit.

Every “morning”, Mission Control wakes the crew up with music at exactly 6.41 pm CST (Central Standard Time – that’s the same time that people in Chicago use). The pieces of music are always different. (1) After that, they have a couple of hours to wash, have breakfast and get the “morning” messages from Mission Control.

Washing isn’t easy in space, and it’s impossible to have a shower, so the crew wash themselves with a wet sponge. Shaving is also a difficult task up there, so the men have to use special “space” razors.

At around 8.45 pm GST, the crew starts work. Most of the time they work on projects involving satellites and the shuttle itself. They also take photos of their activities and the view from the shuttle to send home. Each day there are also two six–hour space walks. “We have between eight and ten minutes to do each task,” says Leroy, “so we have to work very closely and help each other.” The crew take a short break for lunch during the “afternoon”.

(2) According to NASA, the crew’s special meals are “tasty and very good for them”. After lunch, they go back to work until around 8.45 am CST.

“Fortunately, it’s not all work and no play aboard the space shuttle,” says Leroy. “(3) Most of us read and send our personal e–mail in this free time, but we also like to read books or listen to music. Sometimes we sit by the window and admire the earth and the stars. “After that, at exactly 10.41 am CST, it’s time for the crew to go to bed, while Mission Control and the shuttle’s computers take over for the “night”.

Exercise 161

Read the text .

The work week in Argentina is Monday through Friday, but executives in Argentina have very long days. Sometimes business meetings start at 8 pm, so dinner in Argentina usually starts after 10 pm.

In Argentina, business people finish work very late, but executives in the United States often start work very early. The usual business hours are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., but many companies have “power breakfast” meetings early in the morning, at 6 or 7 a.m. These breakfast meetings are popular because managers can meet new clients and customers before the start of the usual business day.

In South Korea, the usual business hours are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, and 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Saturday. Managers often have “business dinners” after work, sometimes just in a local coffee shop, but they rarely have “business breakfast”.

Exercise 162

How does the work week in Argentina differ from that of Russia? Give your ideas.

Exercise 163

Read and translate the text.

In the United States, executives like to be direct in business dealings. The expressions “Time’s money” and “Let’s get to the point” are part of the business culture. So in the USA, managers like direct discussions, including open disagreement and quick decisions. Having detailed plans and good technical knowledge are also keys to successful business relationships.

In Latin American countries, good plans and technical knowledge are important too, but you should make strong social relationships first.

Executives “do business with individuals, not companies”. In other words, managers like to do business with people they know and like, so making non–business “small talk” during meetings and going to social events are important from Mexico to Argentina.

In East Asian countries, politeness and respect for age and rank are very important for good business relationships. Perhaps the most important thing to remember in East Asia is never disagree openly with someone in a meeting. This can embarrass the other people and they will probably not trust you as a business partner.

Exercise 164

Discuss the Russian type ofbusiness relationship.

Lesson 13 Урок 13

Usual Day Обычный день

Active vocabulary

Verbs

1. to start work – начать работу

2. to open the post – открыть почту

3. to go home – пойти домой

4. to come to work – прийти на работу

5. to make tea/coffee – приготовить чай/кофе

6. to send – посылать

7. to do the filing – подшивать документы

8. to travel/get to work – добираться на работу

9. to spend the day – проводить день

10. to come back – вернуться

11. to get up – вставать

12. to go to work – идти на работу

13. to go to bed – ложиться спать

14. to finish – заканчивать

15. to earn – зарабатывать

16. to describe – описывать

17. to leave – уходить

18. to have – иметь

Nouns

19. break – перерыв

20. thing – вещь, предмет, явление

Adverbs

21. usually – обычно

22. first – сначало

23. then – затем, потом

24. also – также

25. else – ещё

26. unless – если не

27. late – поздний, поздно

28. often – часто

29. always – всегда

30. seldom – редко

31. rarely – изредка

32. never – никогда

33. sometimes – иногда

34. hardly ever – едва ли

35. every day – каждый день

Exercise 165 º (We Mean Business p 26)

Anne and Joy are in their office. They are talking about Joy’s daily routine. Listen to the tape, read the dialogue and translate.

Anne: How do you travel to work, Joy?

Joy: By tube and train. I catch the 8.28 train and I start work at 9.30

on the dot.

Anne: And how do you spend the day?

Joy: Well, in the morning I take shorthand and type letters.

Anne: What time is the coffee break?

Joy: Oh, I make coffee at about 11 o’clock.

Anne: And what about lunch?

Joy: I have an hour for lunch. I usually leave between 1.15 and 1.30.

In the afternoon I usually make telephone calls and send telexes

and faxes and do the photocopying.

Anne: And what time do you go home?

Joy: 5.30 unless I work late.

Exercise 166

Read and answer the questions.

1. How does Joy travel to work?

2. What time does Joy make coffee?

3. What time does Joy usually go for lunch?

4. How long does Joy have for lunch?

5. What time does Joy usually come back from lunch?

Grammar notes

The Рresent Indefinite (Simple) Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)употребляется для выражения действия обычного, постоянного, повторяющегося.

I live in Moscow. – Я живу в Москве.

My friend speaks English very well. – Мой друг очень хорошо говорит по–английски.

Обычный, повторяющийся характер действия часто подчеркивается наречиями: usually, often, seldom, always. В предложении они стоят между подлежащим и сказуемым.

I always get up at 7 o’clock. – Я всегда встаю в 7 часов.

We sometimes work at weekends. – Мы иногда работаем по выходным.

В третьем лице единственного числа глагол принимает окончание –s или – es, которое читается по тем же правилам, что и окончание множественного числа имен существительных.

Лицо	Ед. число	Мн. число
	I work you work he works she works it works	we work you work they work

Вопросительные и отрицательные формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do (does– для 3–го лица ед. числа).

Отриц. форма	Вопросит. форма	Положит. ответ	Отрицат. ответ
I don’t work You don’t work He doesn’t work She doesn’t work It doesn’t work We don’t work You don’t work They don’t work	Do I work? Do you work? Does he work? Does she work? Does it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?	Yes, I do. Yes, you do. Yes, he does. Yes, she does. Yes, it does. Yes, we do. Yes, you do. Yes, they do.	No, I don’t. No, you don’t. No, he doesn’t. No, she doesn’t. No, it doesn’t. No, we don’t. No, you don’t. No, they don’t.

Глагол «иметь – have» в 3ьем лице ед. числе имеет форму «has»:

He has lunch at home. Он обедает дома.

NBЗапомните следующие выражения времени: