Levels and Areas of Management Уровни и области управления

Active vocabulary

Nouns

1. first–line manager – менеджер первого звена (низшего)
2. executive – исполнитель
3. division manager – руководитель подразделения
4. operations manager – директор производством
5. operating employee – работник – исполнитель
6. supervisor – инспектор, начальник
7. foreman – мастер, бригадир
8. salary – зарплата в виде оклада (ежемес.)
9. wage – зарплата (почасовая, сдельная)
10. purpose – цель
11. accounting – бухгалтерский учет
12. investment – инвестирование
13. percentage – процентное содержание, доля
14. advertising – реклама
15. promotion – продвижение
16. distribution – распределение
17. performance – деятельность
18. regulations – постановления
19. employment – занятость, найм
20. customer – покупатель, заказчик (постоянный)

Verbs

1. create – создавать
2. convert – преобразовывать
3. equate – ассоциировать
4. apply to – относиться
5. constitute – составлять
6. determine – определять
7. associate – иметь отношение
8. implement – осуществлять
9. hand down – разрабатывать
10. supervise – руководить
11. solve – решать
12. promote – продвигать по службе
13. divide – делить
14. include – включать
15. affect – влиять
16. engage in – заниматься
17. hire – нанимать
18. appraise – оценивать
19. ensure – обеспечивать
20. concern – касаться
21. provide – обеспечивать

Adverbs

1. instead – вместо
2. overall – общий
3. owing – благодаря, вследствие
4. depending – в зависимости от
5. primarily – прежде всего

Adjectives

1. major – основной
2. former – бывший
3. responsible – ответственный
4. entire – весь

Exercise 220

Read and translate.

Levels of Management

Each organization can be represented as three level structure. Each level corresponds to one of the three general levels of management: top managers, middle managers, and first–line managers. At the basic level of this structure there are operating employees.

Top Management

First–Line Management

	Operating Employees

A top manageris an upper–level executive who guides and controls the overall activities of the organization. Top managers constitute a small group. They are generally responsible for the organization’s planning and developing its mission. They also determine the firm’s strategy and its major policies. It takes years of hard work as well as talent and good luck, to reach the ranks of top managers. They are president, vice–president, chief executive officer,and member of the Board.

A middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization. Middle managers develop tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures, and they coordinate and supervise the activities of the first–line managers. Titles at the middle–management level include division manager, department manager, department head, plant manager, and operations manager.

A first–line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees. First–line managers spend most of their time working with employees, answering questions, and solving day–to–day problems. Most first–line managers are former operating employees who, owing to their hard work and potential, were promoted into management. Many of today’s middle and top managers began their careers on the first management level. Common titles for first–line managers include office manager, supervisor, foreman, and project manager.

Operating employees are not managers. They are qualified and non–qualified persons working for organizations. For their labour or services they get salaries or wages. They represent the workforce of the organization.

Exercise 221

Read and translate

Areas of Management

An organizational structure can also be divided more or less horizontally into areas of management. The most common areas are finance, operations, marketing, human resources, and administration. Depending on its purpose and mission, an organization may include other areas as well – research and development, for example, or risk management.

A financial manager is primarily responsible for the organization’s financial resources. Accounting and investment are specialized areas within financial management. Because financing affects the operation of the entire firm, many of the presidents of the largest companies are people who got their “basic training” as financial managers.

An operations managercreates and managers the systems that convert resources into goods and services. Traditionally, operations management is equated with the production of goods. However, in recent years many of the techniques and procedures of operations management have been applied to the production of services and to a variety of nonbusiness activities. Like financial management, operations management has produced a good percentage of today’s company presidents.

A marketing manageris responsible for the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Specific areas within marketing are marketing research, advertising, promotion, sales, and distribution.

A human resources manageris in charge of the organization’s human resources programmes. He or she engages in human resources planning, design systems for hiring, training, and appraising the performance of employees, and ensures that the organization follows government regulations concerning employment practices.

An administrative manager(also called a general manager) is not associated with any specific functional area but provides overall administrative leadership. A hospital administrator is a good example of an administrative manager. He or she does not specialize in operations, finance, marketing, or human resources management but instead coordinates the activities of specialized managers in all these areas.

Exercise 222

Find the English equivalents.

Высший руководитель, руководитель первого звена, менеджер среднего уровня, исполнитель, служащий, исполнительный директор, генеральный директор, директор производства, директор завода, начальник отдела, руководитель подразделения, начальник, мастер, бухгалтерский учет, цель и задачи, товары и услуги, заработная плата (ежемесячная), производство товаров, деятельность, уровни руководства, развитие, правительственные постановления, научное исследование, покупатель (постоянный), рекламирование, работа по найму, процентное соотношение, заведовать, нанимать, обеспечивать, оценивать, разрабатывать, определять политику, управлять, осуществлять, решать.

Exercise 223

Fill in each gap with a suitable word or word combination.

1. There are three general levels of management: top managers, …… managers, and ……… managers.
2. A top manager ……… and ………. the overall functions of the organization.
3. Top managers also …… the firm’s strategy and define its major ….. .
4. Middle managers …….. tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures.
5. A middle manager …….. the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization.
6. They also coordinate and supervise the ……… of first–line managers.
7. A first–line manager is a manager who ……. and supervises the activities of operating employees.
8. First–line managers spend most of their time working with …….. , answering questions, and …….. day–to–day problems.
9. Operating employees are …….. and non–qualified persons working for the organization, they represent the workforce of the organization.

Exercise 223

Translate into English.

1. Существуют три основных уровня управления: высший менеджмент, менеджмент среднего звена и менеджмент первого звена.
2. Высшие менеджеры направляют и контролируют общую деятельность организации, они определяют стратегию и основную политику фирмы.
3. Менеджер среднего звена реализует стратегию и основную политику, спускаемые с верхнего уровня организации.
4. Менеджер первого звена следит за деятельностью неуправленческих служащих и координирует ее.
5. Неуправленческие работники представляют основную рабочую силу организации.
6. Самыми обычными сферами управления являются финансы, производственные операции, маркетинг, людские ресурсы и администрирование.
7. Заведующий финансами прежде всего отвечает за финансовые ресурсы организации.
8. Традиционно директор производства ассоциируется с производством товаров.
9. Управляющий маркетингом отвечает за обмен продукцией между компанией и ее постоянными покупателями или клиентами.
10. Управляющий людскими ресурсами занимается наймом, обучением и оценкой деятельности работников.
11. Административный руководитель осуществляет общее административное руководство и он не связан с какой–либо конкретной функциональной сферой.

Exercise 224

Answer the questions.

1. What are the levels of management?
2. What are the common titles associated with top management?
3. What are the common titles associated with middle management?
4. What are the common titles associated with first–line management?
5. Who is at the bottom of the management levels?
6. What are the most common areas of management?
7. What is a finance manager responsible for?
8. What is an operations manager traditionally equated with and what are the changes in recent years?
9. What is a marketing manager responsible for?
10. What does an administrative manager coordinate?