Developing And Managing An Advertising Program
Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor.
Ads can be a cost-effective way to disseminate messages, whether to build a brand preference or to educate people.
Developing & Managing An Advertising Program
In developing an advertising program, marketing managers must always start by identifying the target market and buyer motives.
Then they can make the five major decisions, known as "the five Ms": (Mission, Money, Message, Media, Measurement)
Objectives of Advertising
An advertising goal (or objective) is a specific communications task and achievement level to be accomplished with a specific audience in a specific period of time.
Advertising objectives can be classified according to whether their aim is to inform, persuade, remind, or reinforce.
Advertising Budget
Specific Factors To Consider When Setting The Advertising Budget.
1.Stage in the product life cycle- New products typically receive large advertising budgets to build awareness and to gain consumer trial.
2.Market share and consumer base- High-market-share brands usually require less advertising expenditure as a percentage of sales .
3.Competition and clutter-In a market with a large number of competitors and high advertising spending, a brand must advertise more heavily to be heard.
4.Advertising frequency -The number of repetitions needed to put across the brand's message to consumers has an important impact on the advertising budget.
Deciding on Media
*Deciding on Reach, Frequency, and Impact
-Media selection is finding the most cost-effective media to deliver the desired number and type of exposures to the target audience.
-What do we mean by the desired number of exposures?
-Suppose the rate of product trial increases at a diminishing rate with the level of audience awareness.
*Choosing Among Major Media Types
-The media planner has to know the capacity of the major advertising media types to deliver reach, frequency, and impact.
*Media planners make their choices by considering the following variables:
-Target audience media habits. Radio and television are the most effective media for reaching teenagers.
-Product characteristics. Media types have different potential for demonstration, visualization, explanation, believability, and color.
*Media planners make their choices by considering the following variables:
· Message characteristics.
-A message announcing a major sale tomorrow will require radio, TV, or newspaper.
-A message containing a great deal of technical data might require specialized magazines or mailings.
*Media planners make their choices by considering the following variables:
· Cost
-Television is very expensive, whereas newspaper advertising is relatively inexpensive.
*Evaluating Advertising Effectiveness
-Good planning and control of advertising depend on measures of advertising effectiveness. Most advertisers try to measure the communication effect of an ad—that is, its potential effect on awareness, knowledge, or preference. They would also like to measure the ad's sales effect.
v Communication-effect research seeks to determine whether an ad is communicating effectively.
v Called copy testing
-It can be done before an ad is put into media and after it is printed or broadcast.
-The consumer feedback method asks consumers for their reactions to a proposed ad
v Portfolio tests
-Ask consumers to view or listen to a portfolio of advertisements.
-Consumers are then asked to recall all the ads and their content, aided or unaided by the interviewer.
v Laboratory Tests:
-Use equipment to measure physiological reactions—heartbeat, blood pressure, and galvanic skin response
Sales Promotion
Sales promotion, a key ingredient in marketing campaigns, consists of a collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker or greater purchase of particular products or services by consumers or the trade.
Whereas advertising offers a reason to buy, sales promotion offers an incentive to buy.