Qualities Of Motivation. Process of motivation

Qualities Of Motivation

p Energizes behavior

p Directs behavior

p Enable persistence towards a goal

p Exists in varying details

Process of motivation

Six c’s of motivation. Basic model of motivation.

Six c’s of motivation

Basic model of motivation

Theory of motivation. Case study

Theory of motivation

Early Theories of Motivation:

v Content Theories:

Emphasis on what motivates individuals.

n Maslow’s need Hierarchy

n Macgregor's Theories X & Y

n Herzberg’s two factors theory

v Process Theories of Motivation:

Emphasis on actual process of motivation.

n Three needs Theory ( McClelland)

n Goal-setting Theory

n Reinforcement Theory

n Designing Motivating theory

n Equity Theory

n Expectancy Theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory

Needs were categories as five levels of lower-higher-order needs.

*Individual must satisfy lower-level needs before they can satisfy higher order needs.

*Satisfied needs will no longer motivate.

*Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that a person is on the hierarchy.

McGregor’s Theory X and Y

Theory X

Assume that workers have little ambition, dislike work, avoid responsibility, and require close supervision.

Theory Y

Assumes that workers can exercise self-direction, desire, responsibility, and like to work.

Assumption

Motivation is maximized by participative decision making, interesting jobs, and good group relation.

McClelland’s Need Theory: Need for Achievement

Need for Achievement - the desire to excel and succeed

Need for Power –the need to influence the behavior of others.

Need for Affiliation –the desire for interpersonal relationship

Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are created by different factors.

Hygiene factors- Extrinsic (Environmental) factors that create job dissatisfaction.

Motivation Factors- Intrinsic (Psychological) factors that create job satisfaction.

Attempted to explain why job satisfaction does not result in increased performance

The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction but rather no satisfaction.

Case Study

The manager of A.B.C.Ltd. Realized that the level of moral and motivation of their employees was very low and there was dissatisfaction among the employees. Labor productivity was also found to be very low. After investigating the causes of dissatisfaction, the managers decided that if employees were to be motivated, there was a need to establish and maintain good interpersonal relation, over and above good salary, job security, proper working conditions and supervision.

So they put in sincere efforts to improve all these factors during one year. Yet, surprisingly, they came to know that in spite of reduction in the degree of dissatisfaction, the level of morale and motivation was low and there was no significant increase in their productivity. Therefore, the managers are worried.

• What managerial problem is involved in the above case? Suggest a solution and make a definite stance to justify the same.

Conclusion

Motivation is the driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goal in order to fulfill some needs or expectation. Motivation—the forces within the individual that account for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work.

Types of motivation theories: content theories, human needs and how people with different needs may respond to different work situations, process theories, how people give meaning to rewards and make decisions on various work-related behaviors, reinforcement theory, how people’s behavior is influenced by environmental consequences.

Control questions:

1. Can you give the definition of motivation?

2. Give more information about theory of motivation.

3. What do you know about motivation factors?

4. Give the information about types of motivation.

5. What do you know about Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory?

Literature

1. English for economists and managers: textbook/ O. V. Ulyanov, S. V. Grishin; yurginskiy technological Institute. – Tomsk: Publishing house of Tomsk Polytechnic University-theta, 2011. – 111 p.

2. Besanko D.A, Brauetugam R.R, Gibbs M.J Microeconomics,2011, Chicago

3. Griffiths A, Wall S.Economics for business and management,2011, England

4. Varian H.R. Intermediate microeconomics,2010, University of California at Berkeley

5. Boyd, W. Harper. Marketing Management.- Boston, 2010

Controlling

The purpose: Consider the main aspects of controlling, control process, establish objectives and standards, measuring actual performance and types of control

Key words:controlling, control process, actual performance, output standards, input standards

Questions:

10.1 Definition оf controlling. The Control Process

10.2 Establish Objectives and Standards. Measuring Actual Performance

10.3 Types of control

10.4 Organizational Control Systems