Easy to cook 5. Serving ideas2. A healthy alternative 6. Created by chance3. Coffee shop brownie 7. Health risks4. What the dish is like 8. National dessert
Задания по чтению
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What ants look like 5. Feeling at home everywhere2. Common and rare species 6. Much older than humans3. Their way to communicate 7. A very diverse diet4. Life cycle and length of life 8. Lifestyle and responsibilities
A. People’s most ancient relatives, the largemonkeyswe evolved from, lived on Earth about five million years ago. A lot of creatures, that share the planet with us now, appeared long before we did. Amazingly, some of them haven’t changed much since that time - probably because they were created so perfectly that no improvement was ever needed. Indeed, sharks, jellyfish and even ordinary ants, that have been living on Earth for 100 million years already, look much the same as in the beginning of their life-story.
B. Ants are remarkable creatures as they can be found practically anywhere on Earth. They are equally comfortable in the forest and in the desert, on the coast and in the highlands. There are huge ant colonies in Australia, Africa, and South America. Though ants are relatively small creatures, according to the researchers, their mass makes up about ten per cent of the total animal biomass on the world. Isn’t that impressive?
C. There are about 12,000 species of ants. They differ in size and lifestyle but you can never confuse them with any other animal. All ants have armour to cover their body, six legs with three joints each, a large head with antennae to touch and smell, and a pair of very impressive jaws. Ants have two large eyes which consist of many small eyes. These are called 'compound eyes'.
D. If ants were large, they would be the most scary and deadly animals in the world. Different species of ants prefer different food but in general they can eat almost anything! They consume nectar and liquids from flowers and plants, can eat small insects like caterpillars and flies, and even large animals if the animal is dead or helpless and immobile. If you leave any food like meat, cheese or sweets outside, the ants will find it in no time!
E. Ants are social insects. They live in communities which are called colonies. Depending on the species, there can be a different number of ants in the colony. The largest colonies may have up to 300 million ants! Life in a colony is very well organised. Everyone has their own job to do. The queen lays the eggs and the workers do lots of different jobs: they feed the queen, look after the eggs and the babies, gather or hunt for food, build and clean the nest and lots of other jobs. The largest and strongest workers become soldiers and their job is to guard the nest.
F. The queen can lay up to several million eggs during her lifetime which is quite long - ant queens live for about 15 years. When the ants hatch from the eggs, they fall into one of three categories: the future queens, the males, and the workers. The future queens and the males have wings. When they become adults, they leave the nest and fly away. Some of them start new nests, the others die. The workers’ life doesn’t last long - they only live for 50-60 days.
G. Ants do not accept strangers into their colonies. Ants in a colony have a particular smell which helps them recognise each other. If the soldier ants smell any strangers, they kill them. As ants do not have ears, they use their antennae not only for smelling, touching, and tasting, but for hearing too. Ants, actually, have a very rich language but they talk to each other via touch and smell.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
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Dolphins
We often call dolphins the sea people, meaning that we are equals. Indeed, human beings and dolphins have a lot in common, such as intelligence and friendliness, creativity and the ability to experience a wide range of emotions. Dolphins are social. They live in communities that are called pods. Like a human community, the pod provides the dolphin with the whole range of relationships. The pod gives the individual dolphins friends, family and companions for playing and eating together.
In fact, in lots of ways they go far beyond us. It’s common knowledge that their communication system is very efficient and complicated. They have an amazing navigation system which does not require any electronic devices, just their own brains. Besides this, dolphins are probably able to send telepathic messages! This was suggested by some marine biologists, but there is not yet enough evidence to consider it as a scientific fact.
In many ways, dolphins are extraordinary creatures and it’s difficult to classify them as animals. Logically, humans should treat them with all the respect we want to be treated with ourselves. It looks like people are starting to understand this simple idea. The good news is that there are already four countries where dolphin shows and performances, as well as keeping dolphins in captivity, are prohibited by law. These countries are Costa Rica, Chile, Hungary, and India. In these countries, it is a criminal offence – the same as forcing people to perform or keeping them locked up against the law and their will. In its laws, India’s Ministry of the Environment and Forests states that captivity causes extreme distress and negatively affects the dolphins, their welfare and survival.
The bad news is that there are only four countries that grant dolphins their natural rights. Meanwhile European countries, the USA, and the rest of the world still consider dolphin performances to be big business. These intelligent, smart creatures are used for making money or kept like pet goldfish in private aquariums.
The main argument of the people who do not want to let the dolphins leave their pools and become free is that the dolphins may fail to adapt and will die in the sea. They say that if the dolphins were born in a pool, or have spent some time there, it’s better to leave them in captivity as the sea is dangerous for them. Unfortunately, their words are not completely untrue. The sad truth is that the dolphins get used to the unchanging temperature in the pool and their immune system becomes weaker. Going back to the sea, they are much more likely to get diseases than the dolphins who were born and have lived in the wild. Despite this, it doesn’t mean that the slavery should go on. Adaptation programmes are needed to help the dolphins to restore their immune system and to learn all the skills needed in the sea.
A pod is a place where dolphins meet up before and after hunting.
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It has been proved that dolphins have telepathic ability.
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In India dolphins DO NOT participate in entertainment shows any more.
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In the USA keeping a dolphin as a pet is a serious crime.
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The Indian government has officially declared that living in pools and dolphinariums is harmful for dolphins.
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If dolphins born in a pool are let into the sea, they risk getting ill.
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It takes the dolphins about half a year to adapt to living freely in the sea.
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Why dinosaurs disappeared 5. Different types of parents2. Hunting habits 6. Dinosaurs in our everyday life3. Evolution of different species 7. What old bones can tell us4. How to measure dinosaurs’ 8. What dinosaurs look likeintelligence
A. Dinosaurs died out millions of year ago. It happened long before human beings appeared on the planet. Yet, for reasons that are difficult to explain, these animals are still on our mind. We dig for their bones and want to find out why they died out. We have made films about how they are brought back to life, causing all kinds of catastrophes but also demonstrating signs of a good and sensible nature. There are lots of souvenirs, children's books and home decorations that exploit the image of a dinosaur, usually a friendly and positive creature.
B. In real life, dinosaurs were neither positive nor friendly. Their appearance varied greatly depending on their lifestyle and diet. The dinosaurs eating grass and leaves were huge and could not move fast. Their huge tails helped them to keep their balance and if needed were used for defence purposes. It was an important function, as there were lots of other dinosaurs around which preferred meat to grass. They were smaller in size but faster, with strong claws and huge teeth.
C. Carnivorous dinosaurs, the meat-eaters, were usually smaller than the animals they ate. Their advantages were speed and smart tactics. Carnivorous dinosaurs often hunted in groups to combine their strength. They used their claws and teeth to murder the victim and then ate it together. To catch the food they had to coordinate their actions, which helped develop a more effective communication system and was a significant evolutionary step.
D. Their relatively small size, and hunting, stimulated brain development and it’s logical that the carnivorous dinosaurs were the smartest ones. To find out how smart an animal is, you need to compare the size of its brain to the size of its body. Carnivorous dinosaurs (like raptors)had a much higher brain-to-body ratio than the huge sauropods which spent all their time chewing tons of grass.
E. However, in spite of being relatively intelligent animals, dinosaurs died out and gave way to the other animals that inhabited the planet after them. Scientists haven't come to a final conclusion yet about the reason why this happened. There are theories that it might have been a rapid change in climate or a meteorite that disturbed the planet and caused fatal changes. Anything from a global catastrophe to a minor change in the food chain could lead to the same result.
F. Unfortunately very little is known about the prehistoric animals’ lifestyle but there are some facts we know for sure. Dinosaurs hatched from eggs like modern-day turtles or crocodiles. Some kinds of dinosaur laid their eggs in nests and even looked after them. The others just laid the eggs on the ground and left them there not caring about the future of their babies at all.
G. Dinosaur eggs have been found in France and Spain, in Argentina, China, Mongolia, India, and the USA. Dinosaur bones and eggs have actually been found on every continent on the Earth. It is amazing that scientists can study the fragments of animals that lived on the planet millions of years ago and are able to reconstruct their whole bodies! They can say how large the animal was and how old it was, and whether it moved on two or four legs. Due to the scientists’ work, we know how different species of dinosaurs looked, though no man has ever seen them.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
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Real-life Mowgli
Do you remember The Jungle Book and the famous story about a boy who was raised by wolves in the jungle? The boy and the jungle animals - wolves, a bear, a black panther and a large python - managed to understand each other, and helped and defended each other. When grown up, Mowgli went back to live happily with people. This story, written by Rudyard Kipling, is beautiful but unrealistic. It came from the writer’s imagination. True, stories about children who are raised by animals really happen. However, these stories cannot be considered happy ones. If a child communicates with animals and is isolated from people, it affects his brain development, his speech and communication skills, which can never be fully restored.
However, Mowgli's message about people and animals living in harmony - “We are of the same blood - you and I!” - was delivered to civilized society by another child. The story of Tippi Degré is a real and a happy one. As a child, she communicated with wild animals easily and amazingly well, but she had never been lost in the jungle. She had her parents’ love and care, books and educational toys. She spoke French as her mother tongue and English as a foreign language and, as a bonus, she had the most unusual childhood, full of adventures and fantastic experiences.
Tippi Degré was born in Africa to a family of French wildlife photographers and filmmakers, Alain and Sylvie. Because of her parents’ job Tippi did not grow up in her own counrty but rather in the African desert. She spent the first ten years of her life in Namibia living close to tribespeople and, of course, to the animals. There were no other kids nearby and she played with the animals. From her very early childhood Tippi had no fear of animals. Later she said that she spoke with them with her mind, or through her eyes and that they understood each other. She was on the same wavelength as them. Her best friend was the huge African elephant Abu. Unlike European kids of her age, Tippi didn’t dream of getting a hamster or a kitten for her birthday and she didn’t go to the zoo. Instead, she played with lion cubs and baby zebras, with leopards and cheetahs and she even believed that an African snake was her friend.
Tippi’s parents took lots of photographs of their daughter playing with different animals, riding an ostrich or climbing the trees with monkeys. These photos were published in the most famous wildlife journals, which made Tippi a world celebrity. Several books and documentary films about Tippi and her family’s adventurous lifestyle were made and became hits.
At the age of ten, Tippi went to school in France but she could not forget her African life and revisited the places she had known before. After school she studied cinematography at the university in Paris. Now she is in her twenties and she lives in Paris. However, her love for animals will last forever and she does a lot to promote the idea that humans and animals are of the same blood.
Rudyard Kipling’s book about Mowgli was based on the real life story of an Indian boy.
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In her early years, Tippi’s favourite book was the book about Mowgli.
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As a small child, Tippi spent a lot of time playing with her neighbours’ children.
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The parents prohibited Tippi from playing with wild animals.
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Tippi became famous due to her unusual childhood experiences.
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As an adult, Tippi protests against keeping animals in zoos.
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Status and location 5. The country’s policy towards young people2. Old traditions and new 6. Clothes for all occasions technologies3. Ancient history 7. Main holidays and celebrations4. People and their lifestyle 8. Food and eating habits
A. The first written information about Japan was found in Chinese historical texts that date back to the 1st century AD, but people were living there much earlier than that. Researchers say that humans inhabited the Japanese islands as early as in the Stone Age. Those people were skilled in making polished stone tools. And the scientists suggest that they learned to make them much earlier than humans in other parts of the world.
B. Tokyo is a very special city in more than one way. It is a capital city and the largest city in Japan. It lies northwest of Tokyo Bay which opens on to the Pacific Ocean. The city stretches for about 90 km from east to west and for about 25 km from north to south. There are also two island chains that administratively belong to Tokyo although they are more than a thousand kilometres from the mainland.
C. Japan is a country where the past and the future go hand-in-hand. Many Japanese are still fond of old craft arts like ikebana, which is arranging flowers in a very special design, the national performing art kabuki, and many other things. They have observed their customs and kept them unchanged through centuries. At the same time, Japan is the world leader in robotics, electronics biomedical research, and in many other industries.
D. Nowadays Japan is a country where the literacy level is close to 100%. School education is free and compulsory up to the lower secondary level. After that, many families choose private upper secondary and university education. University education is quite expensive and most students take part-time jobs and borrow money through the Scholarship Association to pay for their expenses. In general, the educational system is very effective and most scholars see it as a key factor in the rapid economic growth of the country.
E. Tourists from different countries enjoy visiting Japan. Most of them say that Japan is a world apart, as it differs so much and in so many ways from other countries. Most travellers to Japan talk about the amazing carefulness and punctuality of the people - the public transport runs right on time, all public facilities are spotless and in perfect order, and every detail in pieces of art is precise and complete. Japanese people seldom reveal their feelings. It looks like they live their inner life and don’t want it to be displayed to others.
F. Another thing that tourists always notice is Japanese cuisine. Fish (including raw fish) and rice have been basic foods for the Japanese people for centuries. The local people do not eat much but they pay attention to every detail when selecting the ingredients for their dishes, cooking and serving them. It makes no difference whether you dine in an expensive restaurant or in a street takeaway - the staff will do their best for their clients anyway.
G. If you are lucky enough to be invited to a traditional tea ceremony, you are likely to see people wearing kimonos. Even today, Japanese people still wear kimonos for different events and occasions. There are different kimonos for males and females, for happy celebrations, casual occasions, and sad events. Kimonos cannot be called practical and comfortable clothes. They are made from a lot of fabric wrapped around the body in a special way, and they often have floor-length sleeves.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
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Volunteers needed
Holiday time does not have to mean being idle and bored. It’s a chance to gain new experiences outside your classroom. Sports events, scientific expeditions, wildlife adventures - everything is possible if you have the will to do it. This information is for those who would like to participate in ecological projects and to learn more about nature and wildlife.
The ‘My Future’ organisation was started recently. Our aim is to protect the unique places in our country - their ecosystems, animals, and plants. In the future, we are planning to take part in international projects too.
Currently ‘My Future’ is undertaking a project to save threatened wetland species across the country and we are looking for brave and smart students who would like to offer us their help. It is going to be our first experience of accepting teenagers on to our projects and we hope it will be a success.
At the moment, we have twenty vacancies for school students aged 16 and over. The jobs focus on taking care of the injured and abandoned animals, assisting wildlife vets, animal and bird watching, and taking part in the promotional and educational events of the organisation.
All the first-time volunteers will be supervised by our veterans. There are environmental specialists from all over the world who have been working with us for years. They will teach you how to use our environmental equipment for water and soil sampling and how to treat the polluted water and soil. Needless to say, all our volunteers are provided with free clothes and boots appropriate for working around lakes, bogs and other wetlands.
All the volunteers are also provided with food and drinking water. Sleeping in tents in wetland is not very comfortable or safe, so our volunteers are accommodated in local inns, carefully selected by our managers according to our hygiene and safety standards. Free doctor’s services are available at any time as well as transportation to the city hospital in case of emergency. There are no special health requirements for candidates, except that everyone should be vaccinated against the few (not many!) infections you may come across in the wetlands.
It’s worth mentioning that, by joining the team, you’ll enjoy a multilingual and multicultural working environment. If you cannot boast a very good command of English, do not worry - three quarters of our volunteers speak English as a foreign language and we never experience any problems because of this!
For any further information, visit our website. There you can also fill in an application form to become a ‘My Future’ volunteer.
The main aim of the organisation ‘My Future’ is to entertain young people.
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School students have never taken part in ‘My Future’ projects before.
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At present, ‘My Future’ focuses on projects in its own country.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
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The volunteers will have to pay for their clothes and equipment.
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Vaccination is obligatory for all the volunteers taking part in the project.
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All candidates will be interviewed before accepting them on to the project.
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Residents of the North Pole 5. Hunting strategies2. Born to live in cold weather 6. Home upbringing for bears3. Life is getting harder 7. Changes in population4. Sometimes they are similar to us 8. Good food is important
A. Polar bears started to evolve from brown bears about 5 million years ago.
Unlike bears living on land, they are white in colour and their fur is very thick. It helps them to survive on sea ice and swim in cold waters. Polar bears are really big – adult males normally weigh from 350 to 550 kg. Females are smaller. The bears’ large paws distribute their weight when they move on thin ice, and their tails are short to conserve heat.
B. Polar bears occupy one of the planet's coldest environments, the Arctic. They prefer northern areas like Canada, Greenland, Alaska, Russia and Norway. Scientists have identified 19 populations of polar bears spread across four different regions of the Arctic. Although many children’s books show polar bears and penguins together, the two are found at different poles.
C. These Arctic giants have no natural enemies. Their diet is based on seals. Other sources of food for polar bears are Arctic plants, and also geese, bird eggs and fish. They can eat a wide range of foods but only marine mammals, like seals and beluga whales, are able to provide them with all the necessary proteins and vitamins to survive in the icy environment.
D. Bears catch seals from ice platforms. They usually wait for seals near their breathing holes – the openings in the ice the seals use to breathe. In autumn, seals cut out breathing holes in the ice and keep them through the winter and polar bears locate the holes with their powerful sense of smell. Polar bears can also attack seals sleeping on the ice.
E. Polar bears spend lots of time hunting seals on sea ice or from large drifting blocks of ice. However, due to global warming sea ice is melting. As a result, bears have to hunt in the water, which is less successful and very risky. Polar bears are good swimmers but they cannot swim long distances and often drown. They don’t have enough food to gain enough fat and their newborn cubs are weaker than they used to be.
F. Normally, a female bear builds a den (a tunnel in the ice with two rooms) where she gives birth to two cubs. They are born very small, only about half a kilo, but they grow quickly on their mother’s rich milk. For about two years, cubs depend totally on their mothers for food and for survival skills – the mothers teach them how to hunt and survive in the harsh realities of life.
G. Native people, who have lived side by side with polar bears for centuries, say that in many ways bears are like humans. When they are not busy hunting, they play, mock fight or chase each other. Their nose-to-nose greeting usually means some request, for example, a request for food. Some scientists claim they have watched polar bears sharing their food and even performing some eating rituals like greeting their host and saying thank you after a meal.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
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Hidden Treasure
One hot summer day in the 1950s, Donna and her cousin Toby, who lived next door, decided to have a little adventure. At the age of six, it seemed a good idea to them. Donna’s mother was working in the garden and Toby’s mother was baking bread in the kitchen to share with their neighbours while it was still warm.
That day, the children were bored and restless and wanted to do something exciting. Toby suggested finding hidden treasure. He thought they would bury Donna’s mother’s rings and later take them out of the ground. It would be like finding treasure. At first, Donna was not sure as she felt it could get them in trouble. But Toby seemed older and wiser, so she agreed.
They knew Donna’s mother kept her rings on the dressing table in her bedroom. She had a beautiful pearl ring and a diamond wedding ring that she wore only for special occasions. So the children thought she wouldn’t miss the rings if they took them for a while. They got upstairs, entered the tidy room, which smelled of the mother’s perfume, and removed the rings from their special box.
Toby put the rings into his pocket and they both ran to the big field where they often played. Toby thought it was an excellent place where nobody would find the rings. They made a hole in the ground with the help of a kitchen spoon and put the secret treasure inside. Soon they heard their mothers calling them for lunch and ran back home. For some unknown reason, they forgot to go back to dig up the rings and to return them to their place.
About a week later, Donna’s mother found out that her rings were missing and was furious. From the look on Donna’s face she guessed the girl knew the truth. So Donna had to tell the whole story of her adventure with cousin Toby. At that moment she realized the seriousness of her crime.
The mother demanded that Donna should show her the place. They went to the field to dig up the rings. Unfortunately Donna couldn't remember exactly where they were buried. They tried several places without success till it was absolutely dark. They kept trying to find the rings for many days but eventually they gave up. Amazingly,themother forgave Donna. She never scolded her nor even reminded her about the lost rings. She knew that her daughter didn’t mean any harm – she was just a small child and did it for a game. Everyone, however, silently hoped the 'hidden treasure' would be found someday.
Six years later, the field was planted with rows of little pine trees for a Christmas sale. One day, the farmer found a pearl ring in the ground and told a neighbour, who remembered the story of the lost rings. He handed the ring over to Donna’s mother. The discovery made her extremely happy. They started a new search but the other ring was never found.
Many years later Donna noticed her younger sister was wearing the pearl ring.
When she asked her mother why she had given it to her sister, she answered, 'Well, I always planned to give my best rings to my daughters some day and you were supposed to get the diamond wedding ring!'
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The rings were the only two pieces of jewellery Donna’s mother had.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
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Donna and Toby hid the rings outside the house.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
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It was Toby who told Donna’s mother about the hidden rings.
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International space teams 5. The problem with closed spaces2. A new kind of tourism 6. Down-to-Earth training for space3. What to wear in space 7. Early space projects4. Space station equipment 8. Space garbage
A. People have always dreamt about space travel and space discoveries. For the first time the dream came true when the unmanned satellite Sputnik was launched and scientists got the first photos of the Earth from outer space. However, the real breakthrough happened in 1961 when the first human, Yuri Gagarin, left our planet on the spacecraft Vostok and completed a full Earth orbit.
B. Since then lots of people have volunteered for space missions but few are able to meet the strict requirements for candidates. Still on the Earth, the future astronauts do tests in simulated environments and solve problems they are supposed to face during the flight. They get ready physically and psychologically for different situations. They also practise how to operate the complicated space equipment and what to do in an emergency.
C. Even wearing a spacesuit requires special skills. The main idea of the suit is to keep the person alive in outer space, during launch and landing, when the pressure on the body increases dramatically, or inside the space station, if something goes wrong. The suit is made from hard materials, contains its own oxygen supply and has lots of smart devices monitoring the condition of the astronaut.
D. Obviously, no device can completely eliminate the risk of space travel - it will always be a dangerous activity, but it attracts people anyway. They are ready to pay big money for an out-of-this-world experience and the number of such people is constantly increasing. There are already business projects for space tours and designs for space stations stuffed with equipment for entertainment instead of scientific experiments.
E. Not everyone supports the idea of idle space tourists, and there are reasons for this. Apart from unnecessary risk, it can add to the problem of space pollution. People have only started going into orbit very recently but they have already managed to leave lots of evidence of their existence there – parts of old spacecraft and satellites are circling the Earth. Scientists say that if this increases, it may cause serious problems and dangerous situations.
F. Nowadays, countries find it useful to combine their efforts when carrying out space exploration projects. The best engineers from all over the world participate in designing crafts and equipment, and astronauts working on the space station may be of different nationalities and backgrounds. Theoretically speaking, it might cause some misunderstanding and culture clashes, but in practice this never happens.
G. Long space missions, however, are going to be a great challenge to the flight team whatever nationality they are. The astronauts will have to communicate only with each other and there will be no opportunity to escape unpleasant people. Psychologists believe that stress is a serious risk factor for the planned expedition to Mars.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
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An Artist
Billy got up very early with the first rays of sunlight. His room faced the sun at the beginning of the day. So, on clear summer mornings, it woke him up no matter how late he stayed up. He got up, made breakfast, watched TV and had a shower. All the rest of the family were still asleep.
Billy lived with his mother and older brother, who supported the family. Every morning when Billy’s brother got up for work, Billy went downstairs to make him a cup of tea and say, “Morning”. Billy’s brother usually looked gloomy and sleepy, with his hair untidy. He worked in a fish factory. They produced all kinds of canned fish that went to different cities and different countries. The business was going well and the money was good. Actually, Billy’s brother was lucky to have got a job in the factory. Jobs like his were scarce in a coastal village.
Like all boys of his age, Billy had to go to school because two months later he had exams. He promised his mother he would pass them and now had to spend half the day in the classroom. His grades left much to be desired and his teachers considered him an average and poorly motivated student. Indeed, he never felt happy about learning. Instead he would rather go to the library to read another book on artists and painting.
At school the boys were taught to draw straight lines and circles, but Billy was not very good at it. He had a special kind of talent: he could get the idea of a picture clearer than other students. He hoped to develop his drawing skills but didn’t want anybody to know about it. Even Billy’s mother knew nothing about her son’s interest. Billy practised painting like the famous artists he had read about. He studied their techniques and tried to imitate them, spending hours in the attic of their old house.
Billy had happy memories of his father, who had disappeared five years before. He was a fisherman and one day their boat didn’t come back to the port. The neighbours kept saying there was no hope, but Billy still couldn’t believe that. There were lots of small islands in the region – why couldn’t his father have reached one of them? The islands were uninhabited but his father could cope with tough living conditions.
They never discussed it in the family, but Billy often recalled the days from his childhood when he and his father went shopping in town. Father bought him oils, paints and books about famous painters and kept asking Billy to paint him. Billy was nine at that time and said he couldn’t.
During the next five years, things changed. Father’s birthday was a special day for Billy. Every year, on his dad’s birthday, the boy drew a picture of him. Each year, it looked different. When Billy was twelve, he painted like Monet. At the age of thirteen he preferred the Italian style. He hoped that someday father would see the paintings and realize how much Billy loved him.
That morning Billy got up earlier than his mother.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
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Billy’s brother had a well-paid job.
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In Billy’s childhood, his father encouraged him to draw pictures.
| 1) True | 2) False | 3) Not stated |
Ответ:
Billy had always painted his father in the same way.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
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1. Architectural heritage 5. Similar yet different 2. The mystery of the name 6. Literary landmarks 3. The district of crafts [1] 7. A fashionable place to live in 4. The souvenir street 8. An open-air studio
A. Arbat Street is one of the most famous pedestrian streets in the historic centre of Moscow. In the 17th century the area was popular with carpenters, silversmiths, bakers and skilled people of other trades. They lived there and ran their businesses - there were lots of workshops and small stores on the ground floors of the houses. Nowadays, the Arbat's side streets show evidence of their past with names that describe various trades or products.
B. In the 18th century the Arbat became popular with Moscow's upper class, who enjoyed walking there and visiting the local cafés. There were hardly any workshops there then. The Arbat became a popular residential area that attracted Moscow nobility. The whole street was built up with private residences of wealthy Russian families – the Dolgorukiys, the Golitsins, the Tolstoys, the Sheremetyevs and others. It became the most stylish and desirable place to live.
C. Famous poets, thinkers, musicians and actors contributed to the Arbat’s charm. Alexander Pushkin and his wife lived there, in house number 53. Later the mansion was turned into a museum. One of the houses on the adjoining lane belonged to Leo Tolstoy. Over a century later, Bulat Okudzhava, the famous poet and bard, lived in house number 43. Today his statue stands on the corner of the side street.
D. The name Arbat does not sound like a Russian word and actually the original meaning of the place name is unknown. There are several hypotheses. Some linguists state that the name comes from the Arabic word meaning 'suburb' or 'outskirts'. Another hypothesis links the word Arbat with the Tatar word arba, i.e. "cart". However, both theories are disputed.
E. Until the middle of the 20th century, the Arbat remained a part оf the main road frоm the Moscow Kremlin westwards. Іn the 1960s, а parallel road, the New Arbat was built, аnd the traffic was rerouted. The New Arbat, wіth іts wide sidewalks, has nо side streets, which was more convenient for drivers and safer for pedestrians. Twо decades later, the New Arbat took all the traffic and the Arbat wаs made іntо the fіrst pedestrian zone іn Moscow. Іn order tо avoid confusion wіth the New Arbat, people began tо refer tо the Arbat аs the Old Arbat.
F. To tourists, the area of the Arbat is a nice combination of cosy little side streets with the buildings representing different epochs. There, one can find an unusual looking house in the shape of two interlocking cylinders with more than 60 six-sided windows. It was built as an experimental house by the Soviet architect Konstantin Melnikov, a famous representative of Constructivism.
G. At both ends of the street, you'll often see artists sketching portraits. There's no need to go into a workshop – just choose an artist and take a seat. The artists have all they need at hand. Anyone can have a charcoal portrait of themselves or a caricature drawn. There's no fixed price for the work - you can bargain.
Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 47–54 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.